affective disorder
US /əˈfɛktɪv dɪsˈɔrdɚ/
UK /əˈfektiv disˈɔ:də/
- Noun
- A psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in mood or emotion.
also known as
US
UK
- Phrase
- Also called; alternatively named.
- Identified by another term; synonymous with.
A1Moreappearance
US /əˈpɪrəns/
UK /əˈpɪərəns/
- Noun
- The way a person looks to others
- The way that something looks
A2TOEICMoreappetite
US /ˈæpɪˌtaɪt/
UK /'æpɪtaɪt/
- Noun
- Feeling of hunger or desire for something
B1Moreas with
US /æz wɪð/
UK /æz wið/
- Preposition
- In the same way that something happens or is true of something else.
A1Morebiological
US /ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/
UK /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being related to life and living things
- A substance, such as a detergent, that contains enzymes.
B1Morecognitive
US /ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv/
UK /ˈkɒgnətɪv/
- Adjective
- The process of knowing and remembering
- Relating to the ability to think and reason.
C1Morecondition
US /kənˈdɪʃən/
UK /kənˈdɪʃn/
- Transitive Verb
- To improve something to make it better
- To cause to behave automatically in a certain way
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Disease or other medical problem
- The state of living you are in, e.g. good health
A2Moredepression
US /dɪˈprɛʃən/
UK /dɪ'preʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Medical condition of a lack of vitality
- Period of unemployment and low economic activity
B2Moredevice
US /dɪˈvaɪs/
UK /dɪˈvaɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
- Method of doing something; a way
A2TOEICMoredisorder
US /dɪsˈɔrdɚ/
UK /dɪs'ɔ:də(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of confusion or a lack of organization
- Illness when the body is not functioning well
- Transitive Verb
- To disrupt the order or arrangement of something.
B2Moredosage
US /ˈdosɪdʒ/
UK /ˈdəʊsɪdʒ/
- Noun
- Measured amount of medicine or drug
B2Moredue to
US /du tu/
UK /dju: tu:/
- Preposition
- Because of; owing to
- Adjective
- Attributable to; caused by.
A1Moreduration
US /duˈreɪʃn/
UK /djuˈreɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Length of time that something lasts
B1TOEICMoreembrace
US /ɛmˈbres/
UK /ɪm'breɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of holding someone closely
- An act of accepting or supporting something willingly and enthusiastically.
- Transitive Verb
- To hold closely; cuddle, kiss or hug
- To accept something enthusiastically.
B1TOEICMoreemit
US /ɪˈmɪt/
UK /ɪ'mɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To release or send out (a gas, etc.)
B1Morefatigue
US /fəˈtiɡ/
UK /fəˈti:g/
- Uncountable Noun
- Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
- Being very tired
- Transitive Verb
- To cause someone or something to become very tired
B2Morefigure out
US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/
UK /ˈfiɡə aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To understand the behavior of someone
- To think through logically to find a solution
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To understand or find an answer to something.
- To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
A1Morefilter
US /ˈfɪltɚ/
UK /'fɪltə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Device to remove certain types of light, sound
- Device to remove unwanted things from liquid, gas
- Transitive Verb
- To remove certain types of light, sound
- To remove unwanted substances from a liquid or gas
B1Morefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
hibernation
US /ˌhaɪbɚˈneʃən/
UK /ˌhaɪbə'neɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- (Of animals) spending a winter asleep or resting
C1Morehormone
US /ˈhɔrˌmon/
UK /'hɔ:məʊn/
- Noun
- Chemical produced by the body to control functions
B2Morehumidity
US /hjuˈmɪdɪti/
UK /hju:ˈmɪdəti/
- Uncountable Noun
- Amount of moisture in the air in a particular area
B1TOEICMorehypothesis
US /haɪˈpɑθɪsɪs/
UK /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/
- Noun
- A theory trying to explain something
- A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
B1Moreinstead of
US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/
UK /inˈsted ɔv/
- Preposition
- When one thing is replaced by another
- Adverb
- As a substitute or alternative.
A1Moreinvolve
US /ɪnˈvɑlv/
UK /ɪn'vɒlv/
- Transitive Verb
- To have or be included as a part of something
- To cause (a person or group) to take part in an event or activity.
A2TOEICMoremanifest
US /ˈmænəˌfɛst/
UK /'mænɪfest/
- Countable Noun
- List of cargo on a ship
- Transitive Verb
- To express or show clearly
- Display or show (a quality or feeling) by one's acts or appearance; demonstrate.
B1TOEICMoremelatonin
US //mel.əˈtoʊ.nɪn//
UK //mel.əˈtəʊ.nɪn//
- Uncountable Noun
- Hormone secreted by the pineal gland
- A synthetic form of the hormone melatonin, often taken as a dietary supplement to promote sleep.
B1Moremild
US /maɪld/
UK /maɪld/
- Adjective
- Gentle in nature or behavior
- Being neither too cold nor too hot
A2Moremystery
US /ˈmɪstəri/
UK /ˈmɪstri/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Quality of being strange and not understood
- Book, play, or film about solving a strange crime
A2Morenegative
US /ˈnɛɡətɪv/
UK /'neɡətɪv/
- Noun
- The opposite to a positive electrical charge
- In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
- Adjective
- Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
- In mathematics, being less than zero
A2Morenerve
US /nɚv/
UK /nə:v/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Fibers in the body that enable feeling, movement
- Courage to do something that is difficult or risky
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To summon one's courage; brace oneself.
A2Morenighttime
US /'naɪtˌtaɪm/
UK /'naɪttaɪm/
- Uncountable Noun
- Time after sunset and before sunrise
C2Morenucleus
US /ˈnu:kliəs/
UK /ˈnju:kliəs/
- Noun
- Center of an atom
- Control center of a cell
B2Moreof interest
US /əv ˈɪntrɪst/
UK /əv ˈɪntrəst/
- other
- Relevant or important to someone or something.
B2Morepervasive
US /pɚˈvesɪv/
UK /pə'veɪsɪv/
- Adjective
- Occurring or existing throughout all the parts
B2TOEICMorepessimistic
US /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/
UK /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/
- Adjective
- Having negative feelings about the future
- Characterized by a lack of hope or confidence in the future.
B1Morephase
US /fez/
UK /feɪz/
- Noun
- Different stages of the moon from new to full
- Distinct part or step in a process
- Transitive Verb
- To make happen in a gradual ordered way
A2Morephenomenon
US /fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən/
UK /fə'nɒmɪnən/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Unusual event, fact that can be studied
- Interesting or unusual person, group
B1Moreprescription
US /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/
UK /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/
- Noun
- Specific medicine officially ordered for a patient
- Set of appropriate guidelines for something
B2TOEICMoreprevent
US /prɪˈvɛnt/
UK /prɪ'vent/
- Transitive Verb
- To stop something from happening or existing
A2TOEICMoreprolong
US /prəˈlɔŋ, -ˈlɑŋ/
UK /prə'lɒŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To make continue for a longer amount of time
B2TOEICMoreprone
US /proʊn/
UK /prəʊn/
- Adjective
- Lying flat with your head facing the ground
- Likely to have, do or be (usually something bad)
B2TOEICMorerefer
US /rɪˈfɚ/
UK /rɪ'fɜ:(r)/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To talk about or write about something
- To give information about something
A2TOEICMoreregardless of
US /rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs ʌv/
UK /riˈɡɑ:dlis ɔv/
- Phrase
- Preposition
- Without being affected or influenced by something; despite.
A2Moreregulate
US /ˈrɛɡjəˌlet/
UK /ˈregjuleɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To control something with rules or laws
- To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in
A2TOEICMorerelease
US /rɪ'li:s/
UK /rɪ'li:s/
- Transitive Verb
- To free someone from a responsibility or burden
- To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
- Noun
- Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
- Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
A2TOEICMorerepetitive
US /rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv/
UK /rɪˈpetətɪv/
- Adjective
- Doing or saying the same things many times
B2Moreretina
US /ˈretənə/
UK /ˈretɪnə/
- Noun
- Part of the eye that senses light
B2Moreretreat
US /rɪˈtrit/
UK /rɪ'tri:t/
- Noun
- Act of a force moving back from a winning enemy
- A place away from home and work to relax
- Intransitive Verb
- (Of army, etc.) to move back from a winning enemy
- To go away from home and work for a vacation
B2Morerun in
US /rʌn ɪn/
UK /rʌn in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To arrest person and take them to police station
- To drive engine slowly until ready for normal use
A1Moresensitive
US /ˈsɛnsɪtɪv/
UK /'sensətɪv/
- Adjective
- Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
- (Private information) needing careful treatment
A2TOEICMoreshift
US /ʃɪft/
UK /ʃɪft/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change in position or direction
- To move something from one place to another
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
- Period of work starting at a certain time
A2Moreshift in
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- A change or alteration in something.
B2Morespark
US /spɑrk/
UK /spɑ:k/
- Countable Noun
- Small piece of burning material produced by fire
- Tiny, brief bit of light caused by electric energy
- Intransitive Verb
- To make tiny, brief bits of light
B1Morespectrum
US /ˈspɛktrəm/
UK /'spektrəm/
- Noun
- The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
- a range of different positions, opinions, etc. between two extreme points
B1Morestep out
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To go outside for a short time
- To begin a romantic relationship with someone.
A1Moresuicidal
US /ˌsuɪˈsaɪdl/
UK /ˌsu:ɪˈsaɪdl/
- Adjective
- Feeling you may kill yourself; depressed
- Dangerous to yourself or your interests
B2Moresummertime
US /ˈsʌmɚˌtaɪm/
UK /ˈsʌmətaɪm/
- Noun
- Warmest season of the year
C2Moretherapy
US /ˈθɛrəpi/
UK /'θerəpɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Treatment to help cure an illness
- Psychological counseling to help resolve personal or emotional problems.
B2Moretrigger
US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/
UK /'trɪɡə(r)/
- Noun
- Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
- Device that starts a process
- Transitive Verb
- To start a process off e.g. a memory
- To cause something to begin or happen.
B1Morewake up
US /wek ʌp/
UK /weik ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To stop sleeping
- To become fully aware and alert to a situation.
A1Morewintertime
US /ˈwɪntərtaɪm/
UK /ˈwɪntətaɪm/
- Noun
- Coldest season of the year
C2More
Vocabulary
- instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
- step out: To go outside for a short time
- affective disorder: A psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in mood or emotion.
- of interest: Relevant or important to someone or something.
- also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
- regardless of
- due to: Because of; owing to
- shift in: A change or alteration in something.
- wake up: To stop sleeping
- as with: In the same way that something happens or is true of something else.
- for example: As an illustration or instance.
- run in: To arrest person and take them to police station
- figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
- cognitive: The process of knowing and remembering
- fatigue: Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
- phenomenon: Unusual event, fact that can be studied
- depression: Medical condition of a lack of vitality
- trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
- embrace: Act of holding someone closely
- experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
- prone: Lying flat with your head facing the ground
- disorder: State of confusion or a lack of organization
- negative: The opposite to a positive electrical charge
- therapy: Treatment to help cure an illness
- spectrum: The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
- manifest: List of cargo on a ship
- appetite: Feeling of hunger or desire for something
- hormone: Chemical produced by the body to control functions
- prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
- shift: To change in position or direction
- brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
- hypothesis: A theory trying to explain something
- condition: To improve something to make it better
- sensitive: Taking offense easily; easily upset or hurt
- circadian: Concerning biological processes occurring at -hour intervals
- filter: Device to remove certain types of light, sound
- prescription: Specific medicine officially ordered for a patient
- appearance: The way a person looks to others
- refer: To talk about or write about something
- release: To free someone from a responsibility or burden
- regulate: To control something with rules or laws
- involve: To have or be included as a part of something
- melatonin: Hormone secreted by the pineal gland
- repetitive: Doing or saying the same things many times
- spark: Small piece of burning material produced by fire
- mood: Emotion or a state of mind; how you feel
- nerve: Fibers in the body that enable feeling, movement
- device: Object, machine, or equipment for a specific use
- mystery: Quality of being strange and not understood
- mild: Gentle in nature or behavior
- retreat: Act of a force moving back from a winning enemy
- phase: Different stages of the moon from new to full
- pervasive: Occurring or existing throughout all the parts
- biological: Being related to life and living things
- pessimistic: Having negative feelings about the future
- emit: To release or send out (a gas, etc.)
- duration: Length of time that something lasts
- humidity: Amount of moisture in the air in a particular area
- retina: Part of the eye that senses light
- daily: Happening every day
- change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
- hibernation: (Of animals) spending a winter asleep or resting
- prolong: To make continue for a longer amount of time
- nucleus: Center of an atom
- understand: To know the meaning of language, what someone says
- behaviour: The way a person or thing acts; manner
- time: Speed at which music is played; tempo
- light: To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
- happen: To take place or occur
- people: Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
- dosage: Measured amount of medicine or drug
- suicidal: Feeling you may kill yourself; depressed
- short: (Of electric circuit) to spark because faulty
- run: To depart or travel according to a schedule
- brown: Of the color of coffee or chocolate
- nighttime: Time after sunset and before sunrise
- summertime: Warmest season of the year
- wintertime: Coldest season of the year
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Winter got you feeling down? Watch this - Kelly Rohan
0
macaming posted on 2026/04/17Feeling a bit gloomy when the days get shorter? This video dives into Seasonal Affective Disorder, explaining the science behind it and exploring effective treatments like light therapy and CBT. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary related to biology and mental health, perfect for understanding complex sentence structures!
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