Preparing usage notes, please check back later
above ground
US /əˈbʌv ɡraʊnd/
UK /əˈbʌv ɡraʊnd/
- Preposition
- Located on or higher than the earth's surface.
B2Moreaffect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreagricultural
US /ˌæɡrɪ'kʌltʃərəl/
UK /ˌæɡrɪ'kʌltʃərəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning farming, or the land
B1Morealso known as
US
UK
- Phrase
- Also called; alternatively named.
- Identified by another term; synonymous with.
A1Moreas with
US /æz wɪð/
UK /æz wið/
- Preposition
- In the same way that something happens or is true of something else.
A1Moreat night
US /æt naɪt/
UK /æt nait/
- Phrase
- During the night; in the nighttime.
A1Moreat work
US /æt wɚk/
UK /æt wə:k/
- Phrase
- Located at one's place of employment
A1Morebacteria
US /bækˈtɪriə/
UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/
- Noun (plural)
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
B2Morebenefit
US /ˈbɛnəfɪt/
UK /'benɪfɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Good result or effect, something advantageous
- A payment made by the state or an insurance policy to someone
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have a good effect or be helpful
- To receive an advantage; to be helped
A2TOEICMorebloom
US /blum/
UK /blu:m/
- Intransitive Verb
- To flower; to produce flowers
- To achieve an ideal state of beauty and strength
- Noun
- Period of beauty, strength or freshness
B2Morebrood
US /brud/
UK /bru:d/
- Intransitive Verb
- (Of birds) to hatch or sit on eggs
- To think moodily or anxiously about something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The young of certain animals especially birds
B2Morebumblebee
US /ˈbʌmbəlˌbi/
UK /ˈbʌmblbi:/
- Countable Noun
- Robust hairy social bee of temperate regions
C2Moreby mistake
US /baɪ mɪˈstek/
UK /bai misˈteik/
- Phrase
- Accidentally; unintentionally.
A2Morechemical
US /ˈkɛmɪkəl/
UK /ˈkemɪkl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Basic substance produced by mixing elements
- The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
- Adjective
- Made of various elements
A2Morecommunity
US /kəˈmjunɪti/
UK /kə'mju:nətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Group of people who share a common idea or area
- A feeling of fellowship with others, as a result of sharing common attitudes, interests, and goals.
- Adjective
- Relating to or shared by the people in a particular area.
- Shared or participated in by all members of a group
A2Moreconservation
US /ˌkɑ:nsərˈveɪʃn/
UK /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Protecting the environment or a species
- Act of keeping in reserve
B1Moreconsume
US /kənˈsum/
UK /kən'sju:m/
- Transitive Verb
- To eat, drink, buy or use up something
- To take all your energy; focus the attention
A2TOEICMorecontinent
US /ˈkɑntənənt/
UK /ˈkɒntɪnənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia
- Adjective
- Able to control excretory functions (bowel and bladder).
B1Moredefend
US /dɪˈfɛnd/
UK /dɪ'fend/
- Transitive Verb
- To protect and explain your position in court
- To protect against an attack
B1TOEICMorediversity
US /dɪˈvə:sɪti, daɪ-/
UK /daɪ'vɜ:sətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Having a range of different races, ideas etc.
- A range of different things.
B1TOEICMoreecosystem
US /ˈɛkoˌsɪstəm, ˈiko-/
UK /ˈi:kəʊsɪstəm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Types of plants and animals in an specific area
- A network of interconnected companies, technologies, and services that interact to create value.
B1Moreegg on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To encourage greatly toward doing something
A2Moreexistence
US /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/
UK /ɪɡ'zɪstəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of being present, alive or real
- A way of living; the manner in which someone lives.
A2TOEICMorefauna
US /'fɔ:nə/
UK /'fɔ:nə/
- Noun
- All of the animals living in a certain area, time
B2Moreferment
US / fɚˈmɛnt/
UK /'fɜ:ment/
- Intransitive Verb
- To go through a chemical change to make alcohol
B2TOEICMorefigure out
US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/
UK /ˈfiɡə aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To understand the behavior of someone
- To think through logically to find a solution
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To understand or find an answer to something.
- To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
A1Morefood source
US
UK
- Noun
- A place or thing from which food is obtained.
B2Moreforage
US /ˈfɔ:rɪdʒ/
UK /ˈfɒrɪdʒ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Plants that animals eat
- Intransitive Verb
- To wander looking for food as animals do naturally
B2TOEICMorefungus
US /ˈfʌŋɡəs/
UK /ˈfʌŋgəs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Plant, e.g. mushroom/mold, growing in damp places
B2Moregoing on
US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/
UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue doing something
- To happen (usually negative)
A1Morehollow
US /ˈhɑ:loʊ/
UK /ˈhɒləʊ/
- Adjective
- (Of objects) having nothing inside; not solid
- Lacking value, sincerity, or meaning
- Transitive Verb
- To make a solid object have a large hole inside it
B1TOEICMorehuge
US /hjudʒ/
UK /hju:dʒ/
- Adjective
- Very very large
A2Morein a manner
US /ɪn e ˈmænɚ/
UK /in ə ˈmænə/
- Phrase
- In a specific way or style.
B2Morein other words
US
UK
- Phrase
- Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
in return
US /ɪn rɪˈtɚn/
UK /in riˈtə:n/
- Adverb
- As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
- Phrase
- As compensation or consideration for something.
- As a reaction or response to something.
A1Morein terms of
US
UK
- Phrase
- With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
A1Morein the midst of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Surrounded by; in the middle of.
- During; while something is happening.
A1Morein the way
US /ɪn ði we/
UK /in ðə wei/
- Phrase
- Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
- Stored or placed so as to be available or ready when needed.
A1Morein trouble
US /ɪn ˈtrʌbəl/
UK /in ˈtrʌbl/
- Adjective
- Experiencing difficulties, problems, or legal issues.
- other
- In serious trouble or difficulty.
A1Moreinteract with
US /ˌɪntɚˈækt wɪð/
UK /ˌɪntərˈækt wið/
- Phrase
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To engage in communication or action involving mutual or reciprocal influence.
- To use a computer interface to achieve a specific goal.
A2Moreintimately
US /ˈɪntəmɪtlɪ/
UK /'ɪntɪmɪtlɪ/
- Adverb
- Privately and personally
- In a close or personal way; with detailed knowledge or deep understanding.
B2Moreknock out
US /nɑk aʊt/
UK /nɔk aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To hit and make unconscious
- To defeat someone so decisively that they cannot continue.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To defeat someone so decisively that they are unable to continue.
- To destroy or disable something, especially a piece of equipment.
A2Moreknow about
US /noʊ əˈbaʊt/
UK /nəʊ əˈbaut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
massive
US /ˈmæsɪv/
UK /ˈmæsɪv/
- Adjective
- Very big; large; too big
- Large or imposing in scale or scope.
B1Moremicrobial
US /maɪ'kroʊbɪrl/
UK /maɪ'krəʊbɪəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning, involving or caused by being microbes
C1Morenative
US /ˈnetɪv/
UK /ˈneɪtɪv/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Someone from or born in a specific country
- Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
- Adjective
- Caused by natural ability; innate
A2Morenectar
US /ˈnɛktɚ/
UK /ˈnektə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sweet liquid found in plants
- A delicious or delightful drink.
B2Moreobserve
US /əbˈzɜ:rv/
UK /əbˈzɜ:v/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
- To obey or follow laws, rules, or customs
A2TOEICMoreodor
US /'oʊdə/
UK /'əʊdə/
- Noun
- A certain smell, often strong or distinct
- A distinctive smell, especially an unpleasant one.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A certain smell, often strong or distinct
B1TOEICMoreparmesan
US /ˈpɑ:rməzɑ:n/
UK /ˈpɑ:mɪzæn/
- Adjective
- Strong aged Italian cheese, e.g. grated over pasta
C1Morepin down
US /pɪn daʊn/
UK /pin daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To force someone to clarify their opinion
- To discover the exact details about something
- Transitive Verb
- To force someone to make a decision or give a clear answer.
A2Morepollen
US /ˈpɑ:lən/
UK /ˈpɒlən/
- Uncountable Noun
- Fine, usually yellow powder produced by plants
B2Morepollination
US /ˈpɑləneʃən/
UK /ˌpɒlə'neɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Putting pollen on a plant so it makes seeds
- The process of pollination carried out by insects.
B2Moreprolific
US /prəˈlɪfɪk/
UK /prəˈlɪfɪk/
- Adjective
- Producing something in large quantities
B2TOEICMoreprovision
US /prəˈvɪʒən/
UK /prəˈvɪʒn/
- Noun
- Clause in a legal document
- A supply of food and other things that are needed.
B1TOEICMorepungent
US /ˈpʌndʒənt/
UK /ˈpʌndʒənt/
- Adjective
- Being very strong in smell or taste
C1Morerely
US /rɪˈlaɪ/
UK /rɪ'laɪ/
- Intransitive Verb
- Depend on with full trust or confidence
- To trust or have confidence in someone.
B2TOEICMorerely on
US /rɪˈlaɪ ɑn/
UK /riˈlai ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To depend on someone or something
A2Moreresearch
US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/
UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- A particular area or topic of study.
A2TOEICMoreresidue
US /ˈrezɪdu:/
UK /ˈrezɪdju:/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Left over part after most is taken away
B2Morereveal
US /rɪˈvil/
UK /rɪ'vi:l/
- Transitive Verb
- To show something that was hidden before
A2TOEICMorerole
US /rol/
UK /rəʊl/
- Noun
- Character played by an actor
- Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility
A2Moreseal
US /sil/
UK /si:l/
- Transitive Verb
- To close tightly to protect it from leaking
- To close an envelop or package
- Noun
- Large fish-eating animal that lives on sea or land
- Official mark made in hot wax to close a document
B1Moreset up
US /sɛt ʌp/
UK /set ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make arrangements for something; establish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To arrange or prepare something for use.
- To start a business, organization, etc.
A1Moreshift in
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- A change or alteration in something.
B2Moresignature
US /ˈsɪɡnətʃɚ/
UK /ˈsɪgnətʃə(r)/
- Adjective
- Something that represents a person's work or style
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Person's name written in their handwriting
- The key in which a piece of music is written, indicated by sharps or flats at the beginning of the stave.
B1Moresilent
US /ˈsaɪlənt/
UK /'saɪlənt/
- Adjective
- Without making any noise; soundless
- Usually speaking very little
B1Moresolitary
US /ˈsɑlɪˌtɛri/
UK /'sɒlətrɪ/
- Adjective
- Done alone; spending a lot of time alone
- Noun
- A punishment to keep a person alone in a cell
- A person who chooses to live alone
B2Morestarve
US /stɑ:rv/
UK /stɑ:v/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To (cause to) be hungry or go without food
- To need or desire very strongly
B1Moresuffer
US / ˈsʌfɚ/
UK /'sʌfə(r)/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To experience pain, illness, or injury
- To allow or permit something, especially something unpleasant.
A2Moresustenance
US /ˈsʌstənəns/
UK /ˈsʌstənəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- What sustains life, especially food
C1Morethink of
US /θɪŋk ʌv/
UK /θiŋk ɔv/
- Phrasal Verb
- To look on as (being something specific); consider
- To consider or remember something.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To imagine or call something to mind
A1Moretiny
US /ˈtaɪni/
UK /'taɪnɪ/
- Adjective
- Very, very small
A2Moretransform
US /trænsˈfɔrm/
UK /træns'fɔ:m/
- Transitive Verb
- To change the shape completely in a good way
- To convert from one form or substance into another.
C2Moretypically
US /ˈtɪpɪklɪ/
UK /ˈtɪpɪkli/
- Adverb
- In a normal or usual way
B1Moreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1Morevial
US /ˈvaɪəl/
UK /'vaɪəl/
- Countable Noun
- Small container of glass or plastic
C1Morewild
US /waɪld/
UK /waɪld/
- Adverb
- In a manner which lacks control
- Adjective
- Living in nature; not tame
- (Of land) not developed by people
A2More
