abundance
US /əˈbʌndəns/
UK /əˈbʌndəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Quantity that is very large or more than enough
B2Moreadministration
US / ædˌmɪnɪˈstreʃən/
UK /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
- The work of running something, e.g. a business
B1TOEICMoreassure
US /əˈʃʊr/
UK /əˈʃʊə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To confirm; state with certainty something is so
- To make sure that something happens
A2TOEICMoreat a time
US /æt e taɪm/
UK /æt ə taim/
- Phrase
- Separately; one by one
- Simultaneously; together
A1Moreat once
US /æt wʌns/
UK /æt wʌns/
- Adverb
- Immediately; without delay
- At the same time; simultaneously
A2Moreat the end of the day
US
UK
- Phrase
- Ultimately; when everything else is considered.
- After a day's work or activities.
A1Moreautomation
US /ˌɔtəˈmeʃən/
UK /ˌɔ:təˈmeɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Use of machines to do tasks once done by people
B2Morebarely
US /ˈbɛrli/
UK /ˈbɛəli/
- Adverb
- Only just; just possible
A2TOEICMoreborn and bred
US /bɔrn ənd brɛd/
UK /bɔ:n ənd bred/
- other
- Having been born and raised in a particular place or environment.
B2Morebuild in
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To include something as part of a plan, system, or design.
- To create something as a permanent or inherent feature.
A1Morecargo
US /ˈkɑ:rgoʊ/
UK /ˈkɑ:gəʊ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Goods carried in a ship or plane
B2Morecome back
US /kʌm bæk/
UK /kʌm bæk/
- Phrasal Verb
- To reply to someone, often forcefully
- To be remembered
A1Morecommerce
US /ˈkɑ:mɜ:rs/
UK /ˈkɒmɜ:s/
- Uncountable Noun
- Buying and selling of goods and services; trade
- Social dealings between people.
A2Morecommercial
US /kəˈmɚʃəl/
UK /kəˈmə:ʃəl/
- Noun
- Radio or television advertisement
- Adjective
- A notice, picture, or film telling people about a product, job, or service.
- Designed for or primarily concerned with financial success.
B1Moreconflict
US /ˈkɑnˌflɪkt/
UK /'kɒnflɪkt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Argument or struggle between two or more parties
- A serious disagreement or argument.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match
A2Morecorrect
US /kəˈrɛkt/
UK /kə'rekt/
- Adjective
- Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
- True or accurate
- Transitive Verb
- To fix a problem
- To write marks on a piece of work to show mistakes
A2Morecrisis
US /ˈkraɪsɪs/
UK /'kraɪsɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- A turning point in a disease.
B1Moredeliver
US /dɪˈlɪvɚ/
UK /dɪ'lɪvə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
- To save someone from a problem or crisis
A2TOEICMoredinosaur
US /ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr/
UK /'daɪnəsɔ:(r)/
- Noun
- Reptile that lived millions of years ago
- A person who is outdated or resistant to change.
B2Moredo in
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To make completely tired out and exhausted
- To destroy or cause damage to someone
A1Moredue to
US /du tu/
UK /dju: tu:/
- Preposition
- Because of; owing to
- Adjective
- Attributable to; caused by.
A1Moreenergy
US /ˈɛnədʒi/
UK /'enədʒɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Physical or mental strength
- Enthusiasm and determination.
A2Moreexecutive
US /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/
UK /ɪɡ'zekjətɪv/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A senior manager in a business or organization
- The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws.
- Adjective
- Of a high ranking job in a company
- Relating to the management of a business or organization.
A2TOEICMoreexpertise
US /ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz/
UK /ˌekspɜ:ˈti:z/
- Uncountable Noun
- The special knowledge that an expert has
- Expert skill or knowledge in a particular field.
B1TOEICMorefeel like
US
UK
- Intransitive Verb
- To have a desire or inclination for something.
- To have a particular quality or sensation; resemble.
A1Morefleet
US /flit/
UK /fli:t/
- Countable Noun
- Group of ships under one commander
- Adjective
- able to run quickly
B1TOEICMorefloat
US /floʊt/
UK /fləʊt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To sell the shares of a company publicly
- To move slowly and easily through air
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Object designed to stay on the surface of water
- Decorated truck used in a festival
B1Morefor instance
US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/
UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/
- Adverb
- As an example.
- Phrase
- As an example.
- As an illustration or case in point
B1Moregiant
US /ˈdʒaɪənt/
UK /'dʒaɪənt/
- Countable Noun
- Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
- Very successful, powerful person or organization
- Adjective
- Very large, or much bigger than other things
A2Morehealthcare
US /'helθker/
UK /'helθkeə/
- Uncountable Noun
- Nursing care to prevent illness or recover from it
B1Morehire
US /haɪr/
UK /ˈhaɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To give a job to someone in exchange for pay
- To give the use of something in exchange for money
- Noun
- Short term rental of something e.g. car, phone
A2TOEICMorehuge
US /hjudʒ/
UK /hju:dʒ/
- Adjective
- Very very large
A2Morein a row
US /ɪn e ro/
UK /in ə rəu/
- Phrase
- One after another without a break.
- Arranged in a straight line.
- Idiom
- To have an argument.
A1Morein charge
US /ɪn tʃɑrdʒ/
UK /in tʃɑ:dʒ/
- Adverb
- To be responsible for
A1Morein fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Morein shambles
US
UK
- Phrase
- In a state of total disorder or chaos.
- In a very bad condition; badly organized.
A1Morein time
US /ɪn taɪm/
UK /in taim/
- Adverb
- Eventually; after a period of time.
- Not late; with enough time to spare.
- Phrase
- Eventually; before it is too late.
- According to the scheduled time; punctual.
A1Moreinstead of
US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/
UK /inˈsted ɔv/
- Preposition
- When one thing is replaced by another
- Adverb
- As a substitute or alternative.
A1Morenanny
US /ˈnæni/
UK /'nænɪ/
- Countable Noun
- Woman paid to take care of the children of others
- A grandmother.
- Intransitive Verb
- To work as a nanny.
B2Moreon site
US /ɑn saɪt/
UK /ɔn sait/
- Adverb
- At the location of a particular activity or project.
- Present at a specific location for a particular purpose.
A1Moreon the other hand
US
UK
- Phrase
- Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
A1Moreout of pocket
US /aʊt ʌv ˈpɑkɪt/
UK /aut ɔv ˈpɔkit/
- Adjective
- Having spent more money than one has received.
- Expenses paid from one's own funds, not reimbursed immediately.
A1Moreout there
US /aʊt ðɛr/
UK /aut ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a place that is far away
- Existing in the universe
- Adjective
- Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
- Existing or available.
A1Morepitch
US /pɪtʃ/
UK /pɪtʃ/
- Transitive Verb
- To suggest a product, idea to make someone buy
- To throw a baseball to a batter
- Noun
- Act of throwing a baseball for someone to hit
- Playing fields in sports, e.g. for soccer
B1TOEICMorepresident
US /ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt/
UK /ˈprezɪdənt/
- Noun
- Person in charge of a country, or organization
- The highest-ranking executive in a corporation or organization.
A2TOEICMorepriority
US /praɪˈɔrɪti, -ˈɑr-/
UK /praɪ'ɒrətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Thing that is more important/urgent than others
- A level of importance assigned to a task or process in a computer system.
- Adjective
- Denoting something that constitutes a priority.
B1TOEICMorerecognition
US /ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/
UK /ˌrekəgˈnɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Accepting that something is true or that it exists
- Considering something as important or special
B1TOEICMorerely on
US /rɪˈlaɪ ɑn/
UK /riˈlai ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To depend on someone or something
A2Moreroughly
US /ˈrʌflɪ/
UK /ˈrʌfli/
- Adverb
- Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
- In a manner that is violent or not careful
B1Morescale up
US //skeɪl ʌp//
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To increase in size, number, or extent.
A1Moresecurity
US /sɪˈkjʊrɪti/sə'kjurətɪ/
UK /sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/
- Noun
- Department in a company in charge of protection
- Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
A2TOEICMoreshipyard
US /ˈʃɪpˌjɑrd/
UK /ˈʃɪpjɑ:d/
- Noun
- Workplace where ships are built or repaired
C2TOEICMoresolve
US /sɑ:lv/
UK /sɒlv/
- Transitive Verb
- To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem
A2TOEICMorestance
US /stæns/
UK /stæns/
- Noun
- A position or opinion stated in public
- Position or way of standing
B1TOEICMoresubmarine
US /ˈsʌbməˌrin, ˌsʌbməˈrin/
UK /ˌsʌbməˈri:n/
- Noun
- Ship that travels above and below the sea
B2Moresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moresymbol of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Something that represents or stands for something else, especially an object representing an abstract idea.
- A visible sign of something intangible.
B2Moretrade
US /treid/
UK /treɪd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
- Action of buying and selling things in business
- Transitive Verb
- To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
- To give something in return for something else
A2TOEICMoreturn to
US /tɚn tu/
UK /tə:n tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To go to someone for help, advice, or information.
- To start doing or using something, often something bad or undesirable.
A1Moreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1Moreworkforce
US /ˈwə:kˌfɔrs/
UK /ˈwɜ:kˌfɔ:s/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The total number of working people
B1More
Vocabulary
- symbol of: Something that represents or stands for something else, especially an object representing an abstract idea.
- at once: Immediately; without delay
- in shambles: In a state of total disorder or chaos.
- due to: Because of; owing to
- out there: In or to a place that is far away
- born and bred: Having been born and raised in a particular place or environment.
- for instance: As an example.
- come back: To reply to someone, often forcefully
- at a time: Separately; one by one
- instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
- out of pocket: Having spent more money than one has received.
- feel like: To have a desire or inclination for something.
- such as: For example; like
- build in: To include something as part of a plan, system, or design.
- in time: Eventually; after a period of time.
- in charge: To be responsible for
- scale up: To increase in size, number, or extent.
- in a row: One after another without a break.
- on site: At the location of a particular activity or project.
- do in: To make completely tired out and exhausted
- in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- on the other hand : Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
- used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
- at the end of the day: Ultimately; when everything else is considered.
- rely on: To depend on someone or something
- turn to: To go to someone for help, advice, or information.
- crisis: Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- conflict: Argument or struggle between two or more parties
- barely: Only just; just possible
- executive: A senior manager in a business or organization
- priority: Thing that is more important/urgent than others
- roughly: Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
- commercial: Radio or television advertisement
- industry: Hard work; being busy working
- abundance: Quantity that is very large or more than enough
- pitch: To suggest a product, idea to make someone buy
- recognition: Accepting that something is true or that it exists
- expertise: The special knowledge that an expert has
- huge: Very very large
- security: Department in a company in charge of protection
- administration: Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
- giant: Tall, large, and powerful human-like creatures
- deliver: To give birth to a child; help a woman give birth
- trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
- energy: Physical or mental strength
- correct: Being suitable and appropriate for an occasion
- stance: A position or opinion stated in public
- century: Period of 100 years
- place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
- solve: To figure out a way to handle a difficult problem
- president: Person in charge of a country, or organization
- build: Your physical shape; physique
- act: To behave in a certain way
- program: To make someone act or think in a certain way
- bring: To take or go with someone to a place
- natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
- wrong: Action that is harmful, unjust or illegal
- hire: To give a job to someone in exchange for pay
- assure: To confirm; state with certainty something is so
- fleet: Group of ships under one commander
- great: Very good; better than before
- commerce: Buying and selling of goods and services; trade
- float: To sell the shares of a company publicly
- workforce: The total number of working people
- make: To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
- include: To make someone, something part of a group
- submarine: Ship that travels above and below the sea
- cargo: Goods carried in a ship or plane
- train: Line of people, animals moving the same direction
- feel: To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
- problem: Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
- healthcare: Nursing care to prevent illness or recover from it
- dinosaur: Reptile that lived millions of years ago
- nanny: Woman paid to take care of the children of others
- automation: Use of machines to do tasks once done by people
- shipyard: Workplace where ships are built or repaired
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Collapse of U.S. shipbuilding poses national and economic security risks | 60 Minutes
0
Richard VT posted on 2026/03/23Ever wondered about the backbone of national security and the economy? This video dives deep into the U.S. shipbuilding industry, exploring why its decline matters and what's being done to revive it, from the Philadelphia Shipyard to advancements in LNG tankers and submarine production. You'll pick up crucial vocabulary related to skilled trades, automation, and trade policy, making it a fantastic way to boost your understanding and language skills!
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