Vocabulary

  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • in the middle of: In the central part or point of something.
  • catch up: To become equal with another person
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • have to: Must do
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
  • face off: To oppose one another (often in sports)
  • no man's land: An unoccupied or disputed area, often dangerous.
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • in any case: Whatever happens; regardless of what has happened or may happen.
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • in places: In some locations but not others
  • around the world: In or to many countries.
  • in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
  • in case of: If something happens; in the event of.
  • spill over: To flow over the edge of a container.
  • show off: To show your ability/possessions to try to impress
  • Stake a claim: To assert a right or title to something.
  • on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
  • from the top: From the beginning.
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • stay in: To remain inside one's home.
  • come back: To reply to someone, often forcefully
  • for now: Temporarily; for the present time.
  • in terms of
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • in the face of: When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
  • apart from: Except for; not considering
  • threat to: A person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
  • land on: To come down to the ground or another surface after flying or falling.
  • take over: To gain control of (a company) from someone else
  • at risk: In danger; likely to be harmed
  • interest of: For the benefit or advantage of someone or something.
  • for instance: As an example.
  • in particular: Specifically; especially.
  • fall away: Slowly lessen your friendship with someone
  • dial down: To reduce the intensity or level of something.
  • perspective: Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
  • ultimately: Done or considered as the final and most important
  • sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
  • approach: To get close to reaching something or somewhere
  • extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
  • genuinely: In a real, actual, not false or artificial way
  • access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • strategy: Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
  • situation: Place, position or area that something is in
  • scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
  • infrastructure: Basic necessary equipment for a country or region
  • presence: The same place or area that a person is
  • doubt: Not being sure of something; lack of certainty
  • position: Person's opinion or attitude about something
  • unique: Unlike other things; being the only one like it
  • climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
  • environment: Natural world in which plants and animals live
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • territory: Area of land defended by an animal
  • suppose: To imagine or guess what might happen
  • narrative: The telling of a story
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • awareness: Having knowledge of something
  • victim: Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
  • military: Army or armed forces
  • function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
  • maintain: To keep saying something a certain way
  • parade: Large group walking in a public celebration
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • region: Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
  • huge: Very very large
  • interest: Best or most advantageous thing for someone
  • invasion: Entry into a place to cause harm
  • satellite: Device sent into space that aids communication
  • activity: An action or task, e.g. sports, washing clothes
  • defense: Argument in support of something
  • place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • important: Having power or authority
  • peninsula: Narrow strip of land projecting into a sea or lake
  • pole: One of two opposite ideas, qualities or positions
  • hybrid: Formed from combining different things
  • melt: To disappear or to go away
  • middle: Place that is halfway between two things
  • land: Region or country
  • grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
  • include: To make someone, something part of a group
  • treaty: An agreement between nations
  • mining: To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
  • perimeter: Outline or border; outer edge
  • ballistic: Of the science of movement of rockets and bullets
  • geopolitical: Concerning geopolitics
  • archipelago: Group of several small islands
  • foothold: Place providing support for the foot when climbing
  • bastion: Something that protects or preserves a way of life
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Preparing usage notes, please check back later

  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • access

      US /ˈæksɛs/

      UK /'ækses/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
      • The opportunity or right to use something or to see someone.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be able to use or have permission to use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • along with

      US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/

      UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; together with.
      • Adverb
      • In company or together with someone or something.
      • Including; in addition to.
      A2
      More
    • apart from

      US /əˈpɑrt frʌm/

      UK /əˈpɑ:t frɔm/

      • Preposition
      • Except for; not considering
      • In addition to; as well as
      More
    • approach

      US /əˈprəʊtʃ/

      UK /ə'prəʊtʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To get close to reaching something or somewhere
      • To request someone to do something specific
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
      • Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • archipelago

      US /ˌɑ:rkɪˈpeləgoʊ/

      UK /ˌɑ:kɪˈpeləgəʊ/

      • Countable Noun
      • Group of several small islands
      C1
      More
    • around the world

      US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/

      UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • In or to many countries.
      • In various places throughout the world.
      A2
      More
    • at risk

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In danger; likely to be harmed
      More
    • awareness

      US /əˈwɛrnɪs/

      UK /əˈweənəs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Having knowledge of something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • ballistic

      US /bəˈlɪstɪk/

      UK /bəˈlɪstɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of the science of movement of rockets and bullets
      C1
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • bastion

      US /ˈbæstʃən,-tiən/

      UK /ˈbæstiən/

      • Noun
      • Something that protects or preserves a way of life
      B2
      More
    • catch up

      US /kætʃ ʌp/

      UK /kætʃ ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To become equal with another person
      • To inform others of the latest news
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To do something that you have not been able to do recently.
      • To meet someone you know in order to talk to them and find out what they have been doing.
      A1
      More
    • climate

      US /ˈklaɪmɪt/

      UK /ˈklaɪmət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Typical weather conditions in a particular place
      • The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.
      A2
      More
    • come back

      US /kʌm bæk/

      UK /kʌm bæk/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reply to someone, often forcefully
      • To be remembered
      A1
      More
    • defense

      US /dɪˈfɛns/

      UK /dɪ'fens/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Argument in support of something
      • The process of protecting something from attack
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • dial down

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce the intensity or level of something.
      B1
      More
    • extremely

      US /ɪk'strimlɪ/

      UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/

      • Adverb
      • In a way that is much more than usual or expected
      • Remarkably; unusually.
      B1
      More
    • face off

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To oppose one another (often in sports)
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To confront or compete against someone in a direct contest.
      • To participate in a faceoff in ice hockey.
      A1
      More
    • fall away

      US /fɔl əˈwe/

      UK /fɔ:l əˈwei/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • Slowly lessen your friendship with someone
      • Move away from a course you decided to take
      A1
      More
    • foothold

      US /ˈfʊtˌhold/

      UK /ˈfʊthəʊld/

      • Noun
      • Place providing support for the foot when climbing
      C2
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • for instance

      US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/

      UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/

      • Adverb
      • As an example.
      • Phrase
      • As an example.
      • As an illustration or case in point
      B1
      More
    • for now

      US /fɔr naʊ/

      UK /fɔ: nau/

      • Phrase
      • Temporarily; for the present time.
      • In the short term; for the immediate future.
      A1
      More
    • from the top

      US /frʌm ði tɑp/

      UK /frɔm ðə tɔp/

      • Phrase
      • From the beginning.
      • From the highest point or position.
      A1
      More
    • function

      US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

      UK /'fʌŋkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Social event, or party such as a wedding
      • Mathematical operation used in calculations
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To serve a certain purpose or role
      • To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • genuinely

      US /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪnlɪ/

      UK /'dʒenjʊɪnlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a real, actual, not false or artificial way
      • In a sincere and honest way.
      A2
      More
    • geopolitical

      US /ˌdʒi:oʊpə'lɪtɪkl/

      UK /ˌdʒi:əʊpə'lɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning geopolitics
      C1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • huge

      US /hjudʒ/

      UK /hju:dʒ/

      • Adjective
      • Very very large
      A2
      More
    • hybrid

      US /ˈhaɪbrɪd/

      UK /ˈhaɪbrɪd/

      • Adjective
      • Formed from combining different things
      • Of mixed origin or composition.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something formed from combining different things
      • An offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties.
      B2
      More
    • in any case

      US /ɪn ˈɛni kes/

      UK /in ˈeni keis/

      • Phrase
      • Whatever happens; regardless of what has happened or may happen.
      A1
      More
    • in case of

      US /ɪn kes ʌv/

      UK /in keis ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • If something happens; in the event of.
      • If something happens.
      • Conjunction
      • To be prepared for something that might happen.
      A1
      More
    • in particular

      US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/

      UK /in pəˈtikjulə/

      • Phrase
      • Specifically; especially.
      • Detailed or precise.
      A1
      More
    • in places

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In some locations but not others
      A1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • in the face of

      US //ɪn ðə feɪs ɑv//

      UK

      • Phrase
      • When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
      • Despite; in defiance of; when confronted with.
      A1
      More
    • in the middle of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In the central part or point of something.
      • Engaged or occupied with something.
      A2
      More
    • in the past

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • During a former period of time; previously.
      A1
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense.
      A1
      More
    • infrastructure

      US /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ/

      UK /'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Basic necessary equipment for a country or region
      • The underlying framework or system of an organization.
      B1
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • interest of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • For the benefit or advantage of someone or something.
      • A feeling of wanting to know or learn about something or someone.
      • Noun
      • A legal share or right in something.
      A1
      More
    • invasion

      US /ɪnˈveʒən/

      UK /ɪnˈveɪʒn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Entry into a place to cause harm
      • An unwelcome intrusion into another's domain.
      B1
      More
    • land on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To come down to the ground or another surface after flying or falling.
      • To criticize someone severely.
      B1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • maintain

      US /menˈten/

      UK /meɪn'teɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To keep saying something a certain way
      • To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • melt

      US /mɛlt/

      UK /melt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To disappear or to go away
      • To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
      • Uncountable Noun
      • A mass of material that has been melted, especially metal.
      B1
      More
    • military

      US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/

      UK /'mɪlətrɪ/

      • Noun
      • Army or armed forces
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the army or navy
      B1
      More
    • mining

      US /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

      UK /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
      • To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
      B2
      More
    • narrative

      US /ˈnærətɪv/

      UK /ˈnærətɪv/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The telling of a story
      • A spoken or written account of connected events; a story.
      • Adjective
      • Presented in the form of a story
      B1
      More
    • no man's land

      US /no mænz lænd/

      UK /nəʊ mænz lænd/

      • other
      • An unoccupied or disputed area, often dangerous.
      B2
      More
    • on earth

      US /ɑn ɚθ/

      UK /ɔn ə:θ/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
      • Used to emphasize that something is not possible or will not happen.
      A1
      More
    • parade

      US /pəˈred/

      UK /pə'reɪd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Large group walking in a public celebration
      • A formal gathering of troops for inspection or display.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To display something publicly
      • To display (someone or something) ostentatiously.
      B1
      More
    • peninsula

      US /pəˈnɪnsjələ, -sələ/

      UK /pə'nɪnsjələ/

      • Noun
      • Narrow strip of land projecting into a sea or lake
      B2
      More
    • perimeter

      US /pəˈrɪmɪtɚ/

      UK /pəˈrɪmɪtə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Outline or border; outer edge
      B2
      More
    • perspective

      US /pɚˈspɛktɪv/

      UK /pə'spektɪv/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
      • Ability to understand what is important in life
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • pole

      US /pol/

      UK /pəʊl/

      • Noun
      • One of two opposite ideas, qualities or positions
      • Most northern or most southern point on a planet
      • Transitive Verb
      • To move a boat with a stick or pole
      B1
      More
    • presence

      US /ˈprɛzəns/

      UK /ˈprezns/

      • Noun
      • The same place or area that a person is
      • Ability to reach a market, group of people etc.
      A2
      More
    • region

      US /ˈridʒən/

      UK /'ri:dʒən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
      • A part of the body
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • satellite

      US /ˈsætlˌaɪt/

      UK /'sætəlaɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Device sent into space that aids communication
      • Natural object in space that moves around another
      B1
      More
    • scale

      US /skel/

      UK /skeɪl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Size, level, or amount when compared
      • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To change the size of but keep the proportions
      • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • show off

      US /ʃo ɔf/

      UK /ʃəu ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To show your ability/possessions to try to impress
      A1
      More
    • spill over

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To flow over the edge of a container.
      • To spread or extend into other areas or situations, especially undesirable things.
      B1
      More
    • Stake a claim

      US

      UK

      • Transitive Verb
      • To assert a right or title to something.
      More
    • stay in

      US /ste ɪn/

      UK /stei in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain inside one's home.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To remain as an inpatient in a hospital.
      More
    • strategy

      US /ˈstrætədʒi/

      UK /'strætədʒɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
      • Branch of military dealing with command
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • suppose

      US /səˈpoʊz/

      UK /sə'pəʊz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or guess what might happen
      • Conjunction
      • What if
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • take over

      US /tek ˈovɚ/

      UK /teik ˈəuvə/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To gain control of (a company) from someone else
      • To assume control or possession of something.
      A1
      More
    • territory

      US /ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, -ˌtori/

      UK /'terətrɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Area of land defended by an animal
      • Area of particular knowledge or experience
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • threat to

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • A person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
      • A statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for or opposition to something done or not done.
      B2
      More
    • treaty

      US /ˈtriti/

      UK /ˈtri:ti/

      • Noun
      • An agreement between nations
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • ultimately

      US /ˈʌltəmɪtli/

      UK /ˈʌltɪmətli/

      • Adverb
      • Done or considered as the final and most important
      • Fundamentally; at the most basic level.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • unique

      US /juˈnik/

      UK /jʊ'ni:k/

      • Adjective
      • Unlike other things; being the only one like it
      • Remarkably special or unusual.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • victim

      US /ˈvɪktɪm/

      UK /ˈvɪktɪm/

      • Noun
      • Person/thing affected by an unpleasant event
      • Person feeling helpless in times of bad luck
      B1TOEIC
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #arctic#russia#nato#russian#norwegian#military

    Putin's trump card in the Arctic? | Mapped Out

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/03/21
    Ever wondered about Russia's strategic moves in the Arctic? This video dives deep into the geopolitical chess game, exploring everything from the Svalbard Treaty to powerful icebreakers and the Northern Sea Route. You'll pick up tons of advanced vocabulary related to defense and international relations while learning about this fascinating and crucial region!

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