Vocabulary

  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • have to: Must do
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • pick me up: To collect someone or something from a place.
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • also known as: Also called; alternatively named.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • make up: To invent or create a story
  • look after: To take care of someone or something
  • in the face of: When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
  • give it up: To stop trying to do something
  • hand up: To raise one's hand in order to get attention, especially in a classroom.
  • turn on
  • go shopping: To go to stores to buy things
  • not available: Not able to be used or obtained; inaccessible.
  • deal with
  • on the brain: To be constantly thinking about someone or something; to be obsessed with someone or something.
  • grow up: To develop from a child into an adult
  • with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
  • cope with: To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
  • for that matter: Used to emphasize that something is true or likely to happen, or to introduce a related point.
  • end up with: To have something as a result.
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • in isolation: Separately from other people or things; alone.
  • come down to: To become in the end a matter of
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • finish with: To end a relationship
  • with just: Using only; with no more than.
  • think about: To consider something carefully.
  • go back to: To return to a starting point
  • individual: Single person, looked at separately from others
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • mental: Concerning the mind
  • depression: Medical condition of a lack of vitality
  • multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
  • practice: The office and place for legal or medical work
  • trauma: A very severe or upsetting experience
  • esteem: Feeling of respect or admiration regarding someone
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • arbitrary: (Of decisions) unsupported; without any evidence
  • negative: The opposite to a positive electrical charge
  • attempt: To try to do something challenging or difficult
  • random: Chosen, done without a particular plan or pattern
  • express: To send something by fast mail
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • emotional: Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
  • stress: To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
  • separate: Being different from or unrelated to another
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • cardiovascular: Concerning the heart and vessels of the body
  • cope: To deal with something in spite of difficulties
  • definition: Explanation of word's meaning, as in dictionaries
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • abuse: To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • suffer: To experience pain, illness, or injury
  • addiction: Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • nervous: Concerning the system of nerves in the body
  • create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
  • risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
  • rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
  • relief: Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
  • isolation: Condition of being in a distinct, separate place
  • abandon: To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
  • infant: Child in the beginning stage of life; a baby
  • heal: To recover from or forget a bad experience
  • asthma: Lung illness causing difficulty in breathing
  • addictive: Being powerless to stop doing or using something
  • pain: Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • genetically: Caused or controlled, or by genes
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
  • arthritis: Diseases of the joints often with painful swelling
  • addict: Person who can’t control their overuse of a thing
  • great: Very good; better than before
  • inherit: To have a quality or feature passed down at birth
  • breakdown: When normal activity or behavior stops
  • question: To ask for or try to get information
  • physiology: Ways in which the parts of a living thing operate
  • downtown: Located in the business part of a town
  • depress: To make someone feel sad or miserable
  • sclerosis: (Medical) process in which a soft tissue becomes hard
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    • abandon

      US /əˈbændən/

      UK /ə'bændən/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To discard or intentionally get rid of an item
      • To withdraw your support, or leave someone
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Wild, carefree behavior
      B1
      More
    • abuse

      US /əˈbjuz/

      UK /ə'bju:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To mistreat or be cruel towards someone
      • To use in an inappropriate or excessive way
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Improper/dishonest/excessive use of something
      • Insulting someone, e.g. by swearing at them
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • addict

      US /əˈdɪkt/

      UK /ˈædɪkt/

      • Noun
      • Person who can’t control their overuse of a thing
      B1
      More
    • addiction

      US /əˈdɪkʃən/

      UK /əˈdɪkʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Lack of control the overuse of something e.g. drugs
      • A compulsive physiological need for a habit-forming substance.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • addictive

      US /əˈdɪktɪv/

      UK /əˈdɪktɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Being powerless to stop doing or using something
      B1
      More
    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • also known as

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Also called; alternatively named.
      • Identified by another term; synonymous with.
      A1
      More
    • arbitrary

      US /ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri/

      UK /ˈɑ:bitrəri/

      • Adjective
      • (Of decisions) unsupported; without any evidence
      • Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • arthritis

      US /ɑrˈθraɪtɪs/

      UK /ɑ:ˈθraɪtɪs/

      • Noun
      • Diseases of the joints often with painful swelling
      B2
      More
    • asthma

      US /ˈæzmə, ˈæs-/

      UK /ˈæsmə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Lung illness causing difficulty in breathing
      B2
      More
    • attempt

      US /əˈtɛmpt/

      UK /ə'tempt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To try to do something challenging or difficult
      • Noun
      • Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • breakdown

      US /ˈbrekˌdaʊn/

      UK /'breɪkdaʊn/

      • Noun
      • When normal activity or behavior stops
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • come down to

      US /kʌm daʊn tu/

      UK /kʌm daun tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To become in the end a matter of
      • To be passed on to someone as an inheritance.
      A1
      More
    • cope

      US /koʊp/

      UK /kəʊp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To deal with something in spite of difficulties
      A2
      More
    • cope with

      US /kop wɪð/

      UK /kəup wið/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
      A1
      More
    • deal with

      US /dil wɪð/

      UK /di:l wið/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To buy or sell goods or services.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take action to solve a problem or manage a situation.
      • To be about; concern.
      A1
      More
    • definition

      US /ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən/

      UK /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Explanation of word's meaning, as in dictionaries
      • The sharpness of an image on a screen
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • depress

      US /dɪˈprɛs/

      UK /dɪ'pres/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make someone feel sad or miserable
      • To push something down
      B2
      More
    • depression

      US /dɪˈprɛʃən/

      UK /dɪ'preʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Medical condition of a lack of vitality
      • Period of unemployment and low economic activity
      B2
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • downtown

      US /ˈdaʊnˌtaʊn/

      UK /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/

      • Adjective
      • Located in the business part of a town
      • (informal) Fashionable, trendy, or cool.
      • Noun
      • The main business or commercial area of a city.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • emotional

      US /ɪˈmoʃənəl/

      UK /ɪˈməʊʃənl/

      • Adjective
      • Causing, feeling, or appealing to the emotions
      • Relating to or characterized by emotion
      A2
      More
    • end up with

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have something as a result.
      A1
      More
    • esteem

      US /ɪˈstim/

      UK /ɪˈsti:m/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feeling of respect or admiration regarding someone
      • Transitive Verb
      • To regard with great respect or admiration
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • finish with

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To end a relationship
      A1
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • for that matter

      US /fɔr ðæt ˈmætɚ/

      UK /fɔ: ðæt ˈmætə/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize that something is true or likely to happen, or to introduce a related point.
      • Used to introduce a statement that supports or strengthens a previous statement.
      A2
      More
    • genetically

      US /dʒə'netɪklɪ/

      UK /dʒə'netɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • Caused or controlled, or by genes
      • By means of genes or genetic engineering.
      B1
      More
    • give it up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To stop trying to do something
      A1
      More
    • go back to

      US /ɡo bæk tu/

      UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To return to a starting point
      A1
      More
    • go shopping

      US /ɡo ˈʃɑpɪŋ/

      UK /ɡəu ˈʃɔpɪŋ/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To go to stores to buy things
      A1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • grow up

      US /ɡro ʌp/

      UK /ɡrəu ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To develop from a child into an adult
      A1
      More
    • hand up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To raise one's hand in order to get attention, especially in a classroom.
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • heal

      US /hi:l/

      UK /hi:l/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To recover from or forget a bad experience
      • To make or become healthy or well again
      B1
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in isolation

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Separately from other people or things; alone.
      • Considered separately and without reference to other related things.
      C1
      More
    • in other words

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
      More
    • in the face of

      US //ɪn ðə feɪs ɑv//

      UK

      • Phrase
      • When confronted with something difficult or challenging.
      • Despite; in defiance of; when confronted with.
      A1
      More
    • individual

      US /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl/

      UK /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Single person, looked at separately from others
      • A single thing or item, especially when part of a set or group.
      • Adjective
      • Made for use by one single person
      • Having a distinct manner different from others
      A2
      More
    • infant

      US /'ɪnfənt/

      UK /'ɪnfənt/

      • Countable Noun
      • Child in the beginning stage of life; a baby
      • The early stage of development of something.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • inherit

      US /ɪnˈhɛrɪt/

      UK /ɪn'herɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To have a quality or feature passed down at birth
      • To receive property or money after someone dies
      B1
      More
    • isolation

      US /ˌaɪsəˈleʃən/

      UK /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Condition of being in a distinct, separate place
      • Process of separating things from other things
      B1
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • look after

      US /lʊk ˈæftɚ/

      UK /luk ˈɑ:ftə/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take care of someone or something
      A1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • make up

      US /mek ʌp/

      UK /meik ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To invent or create a story
      • To add up to
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To invent a story, excuse, etc.
      • To compensate for something lost, missed, or deficient.
      A1
      More
    • mental

      US /ˈmɛntl/

      UK /ˈmentl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the mind
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • multiple

      US /ˈmʌltəpəl/

      UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/

      • Adjective
      • Having or involving more than one of something
      • Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
      • Countable Noun
      • Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
      • A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
      B1
      More
    • negative

      US /ˈnɛɡətɪv/

      UK /'neɡətɪv/

      • Noun
      • The opposite to a positive electrical charge
      • In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
      • Adjective
      • Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
      • In mathematics, being less than zero
      A2
      More
    • not available

      US /nɑt əˈveləbəl/

      UK /nɔt əˈveiləbl/

      • Adjective
      • Not able to be used or obtained; inaccessible.
      • Not present or accessible; unable to be contacted.
      A1
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • on the brain

      US

      UK

      • Idiom
      • To be constantly thinking about someone or something; to be obsessed with someone or something.
      More
    • physiology

      US /ˌfɪziˈɑ:lədʒi/

      UK /ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Ways in which the parts of a living thing operate
      B2
      More
    • pick me up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To collect someone or something from a place.
      • To improve someone's mood or energy.
      A2
      More
    • practice

      US /ˈpræktɪs/

      UK /'præktɪs/

      • Noun
      • The office and place for legal or medical work
      • Doing something many times to become better at it
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To work as a doctor or lawyer
      • To live according to the teachings of a religion
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • random

      US /ˈrændəm/

      UK /'rændəm/

      • Adjective
      • Chosen, done without a particular plan or pattern
      B1
      More
    • relief

      US /rɪˈlif/

      UK /rɪˈli:f/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Aid given to people in need as after war/disaster
      • Artwork, e.g. part of wall, that partly sticks out
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • sclerosis

      US /skləˈroʊsɪs/

      UK /skləˈrəʊsɪs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • (Medical) process in which a soft tissue becomes hard
      C1
      More
    • separate

      US /'sepəreɪt/

      UK /'sepəreɪt/

      • Adjective
      • Being different from or unrelated to another
      • Not connected; different.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To divide two things by being in between them
      • To move things away from each other
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • stress

      US / strɛs/

      UK /stres/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
      • To put pressure on something or someone
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
      • Pressure on something or someone
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • suffer

      US / ˈsʌfɚ/

      UK /'sʌfə(r)/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To experience pain, illness, or injury
      • To allow or permit something, especially something unpleasant.
      A2
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • think about

      US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/

      UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To consider something carefully.
      • To remember or call to mind.
      A1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • trauma

      US /ˈtraʊmə/

      UK /'trɔ:mə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A very severe or upsetting experience
      • Serious injury to part of the body
      B2
      More
    • turn on

      US /tɚn ɑn/

      UK /tə:n ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To cause someone to be interested or excited
      • Transitive Verb
      • To activate or switch on a device or appliance.
      • To suddenly attack or criticize someone.
      A1
      More
    • with it

      US /wɪð ɪt/

      UK /wið it/

      • Adjective
      • Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
      • Understanding and knowledgeable about current trends or information.
      A1
      More
    • with just

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Using only; with no more than.
      • Barely; by a narrow margin.
      A2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1US
    #addiction#physiology#child#stressed#people#illness

    Trauma, Healing and The Brain: Community Learning Event, Dr. Gabor Mate

    0
    Z posted on 2026/02/08
    Ever wondered how childhood experiences shape our adult lives? Dr. Gabor Maté dives deep into the fascinating links between trauma, addiction, and mental health, sharing powerful insights from his work. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary related to psychology and health while exploring a deeply human topic!

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