abusive
US /əˈbjusɪv, -zɪv/
UK /əˈbju:sɪv/
- Adjective
- Saying or doing bad or cruel things to others
- Engaging in behavior that is cruel, violent, or harmful to another person.
A2Moreactivate
US /ˈæktəˌvet/
UK /ˈæktɪveɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
- To make something start working
B1Moreas a result of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Because of something; owing to.
A1Moreat least
US /æt list/
UK /æt li:st/
- Adverb
- As a minimum
- Not less than
- Phrase
- No less than; at the minimum
- Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
C2Moreat some point
US /æt sʌm pɔɪnt/
UK /æt sʌm pɔint/
- Phrase
- At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
A1Morebased on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- Preposition
- Using something as the main idea or foundation.
- Relying on something as evidence or justification.
A1Morebreathe in
US /brið ɪn/
UK /bri:ð in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To inhale; to take air into the lungs.
B1Morebrew
US /bru/
UK /bru:/
- Countable Noun
- A beer; a drink of beer
- A mixture or concoction
- Transitive Verb
- To make an alcoholic drink e.g. beer
- To make tea by soaking the leaves in boiling water
B1Morebuild up
US /bɪld ʌp/
UK /bild ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To increase the amount; collect something
- To develop or increase something in stages
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To increase or develop something gradually.
- To praise or encourage someone.
A1Moreburn up
US /bɚn ʌp/
UK /bə:n ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To consume all of something, e.g. fuel, energy
- To cause someone to become very angry
A1Morecarnage
US /ˈkɑ:rnɪdʒ/
UK /ˈkɑ:nɪdʒ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Destruction and devastation involving human deaths
C1Morecellular
US /ˈsɛljəlɚ/
UK /'seljələ(r)/
- Adjective
- Concerning a cell of a living thing
- (Of radio signals) functioning without wires
B2Morecome after
US /kʌm ˈæftɚ/
UK /kʌm ˈɑ:ftə/
- Phrasal Verb
- To follow someone in order to threaten them
A1Morecome together
US /kʌm təˈɡɛðɚ/
UK /kʌm təˈɡeðə/
- Phrasal Verb
- To assemble or unite; to start working together.
- To form a close relationship or bond.
A1Morecompel
US /kəmˈpɛl/
UK /kəm'pel/
- Transitive Verb
- To force someone to do something
B1TOEICMorecomplex
US /kəmˈplɛks, ˈkɑmˌplɛks/
UK /'kɒmpleks/
- Countable Noun
- Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
- Adjective
- Not being simple; having many parts or aspects
A2Morecritical
US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/
UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Making a negative judgment of something
- Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
A2Moredisease
US /dɪˈziz/
UK /dɪˈzi:z/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
- Transitive Verb
- To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
A2TOEICMoredry out
US
UK
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To remove moisture from something; to become completely dry.
- To detoxify and recover from addiction.
A1Moreenlightenment
US /ɛnˈlaɪtn:mənt/
UK /ɪnˈlaɪtnmənt/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of having a lot of knowledge and wisdom
- The state of having knowledge or understanding; the act of giving someone knowledge or understanding.
B2TOEICMoreeradicate
US /ɪˈrædɪˌket/
UK /ɪˈrædɪkeɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To remove or destroy something completely
B2TOEICMoreevidence of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
- Something that shows that something else exists or is true.
A1Moreexclusively
US /ɪkˈsklusɪvlɪ/
UK /ɪk'sklu:sɪvlɪ/
- Adverb
- For the use of only one person or group
- Completely; without anything else being involved.
B2TOEICMorefill up
US /fɪl ʌp/
UK /fil ʌp/
- Phrase
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make something full.
- To become full.
A1Morefluid
US /ˈfluɪd/
UK /'flu:ɪd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
- Liquid that flows smoothly, such as water
- Adjective
- Able to move smoothly or gracefully
- Liable to change; unstable.
B2Moreget here
US
UK
- Intransitive Verb
- To arrive at a specific location.
A1Morego out
US /ɡo aʊt/
UK /ɡəu aut/
- Phrase
- To leave a building (e.g. a house)
- Phrasal Verb
- (Of a fire) to burn out; be extinguished
- Go out of fashion to stop being fashionable
A1Moregrasp
US /ɡræsp/
UK /ɡrɑ:sp/
- Noun
- Person's control over something
- Act of holding something strongly in your hands
- Transitive Verb
- To hold something in your hand very tightly
- To understand or make sense of a complex idea
B1TOEICMoregrind
US /ɡraɪnd/
UK /ɡraɪnd/
- Transitive Verb
- To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
- To make loud jarring noise by pressing hard
- Uncountable Noun
- Hard work or effort
B2Morehaunt
US /hɔnt, hɑnt/
UK /hɔ:nt/
- Transitive Verb
- To remain in the mind causing worry, sadness, pain
- (Of ghosts, etc.) to stay in a place after death
- Noun
- Place that a person repeatedly goes to or visits
B2Morehelp out
US /hɛlp aʊt/
UK /help aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To assist someone
A1Morehumanity
US /hjuˈmænɪti/
UK /hju:ˈmænəti/
- Uncountable Noun
- Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
- Compassionate behavior, especially towards those suffering.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- All human beings collectively; the human race.
A2Morehumankind
US /ˈhjumənˌkaɪnd/
UK /ˌhju:mənˈkaɪnd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- All of the living human inhabitants of the earth
- The characteristics and qualities associated with human beings.
B2Moreimmune
US /ɪˈmjoon/
UK /ɪˈmju:n/
- Adjective
- Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
- Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
B1Moreimmunity
US /ɪˈmjunɪti/
UK /ɪˈmju:nəti/
- Uncountable Noun
- State of not being able to catch a disease
B1Morein writing
US
UK
- Phrase
- Expressed or presented in written form, rather than spoken.
- Officially recorded in a written document, especially for legal purposes.
A1Moreincredible
US /ɪnˈkrɛdəbəl/
UK /ɪnˈkredəbl/
- Adjective
- Very good; amazing
- Really good; amazing; great
A2TOEICMoreinfection
US /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/
UK /ɪnˈfekʃn/
- Noun
- (Computers) Having a computer virus
- Making or becoming sick with a bacteria/virus
A2Moreinstead of
US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/
UK /inˈsted ɔv/
- Preposition
- When one thing is replaced by another
- Adverb
- As a substitute or alternative.
A1Moreinterfere
US /ˌɪntɚˈfɪr/
UK /ˌɪntə'fɪə(r)/
- Intransitive Verb
- To get involved in something not your business
- Transitive Verb
- To prevent a process or activity from continuing or being carried out properly.
B1TOEICMoreinvade
US /ɪnˈved/
UK /ɪnˈveɪd/
- Transitive Verb
- To enter something causing a harmful result
- To enter (a country or region) so as to subjugate or occupy it.
B1Moreliterally
US /ˈlɪtərəli/
UK
- Adverb
- In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
- Used for emphasis to describe something that is actually true, often to highlight surprise or intensity.
B1Morelook at
US /lʊk æt/
UK /luk æt/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use your eyes to focus on something
- To focus your eyes on something carefully
A1Morelook for
US /lʊk fɔr/
UK /luk fɔ:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To try to find a thing or person that is lost
- To expect or anticipate something.
A1Moremajor
US /ˈmedʒɚ/
UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/
- Countable Noun
- High-ranking officer in the army
- Main subject you study at university
- Adjective
- Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
- Important, serious, or large in scope, size
A2TOEICMoremild
US /maɪld/
UK /maɪld/
- Adjective
- Gentle in nature or behavior
- Being neither too cold nor too hot
A2Moremolecular
US /məˈlɛkjəlɚ/
UK /mə'lekjələ(r)/
- Adjective
- About or caused by molecules
B2Moreon earth
US /ɑn ɚθ/
UK /ɔn ə:θ/
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
- Used to emphasize that something is not possible or will not happen.
A1Moreon top of that
US
UK
- Phrase
- In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
A1Moreoverwhelmed
US /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlmd/
UK /ˌəʊ.vəˈwɛlmd/
- Transitive Verb
- To defeat something or someone completely
- To affect someone emotionally in a strong way
- Adjective
- Feeling like you have so much to do that you can't even get started.
- Feeling like you are unable to cope with something
B2Morepanic
US /ˈpænɪk/
UK /'pænɪk/
- Uncountable Noun
- Overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
- Intransitive Verb
- To feel sudden anxiety and fear and cannot think
B1Morepowder
US /ˈpaʊdɚ/
UK /'paʊdə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Dry material made up of small powder-like pieces
- Dry and light form of snow
- Transitive Verb
- To apply a dust onto the body or face
- To reduce to powder; pulverize.
B1Morepus
US /pʌs/
UK /pʌs/
- Uncountable Noun
- Yellow fluid produced from inflamed wound, etc.
C1Morerash
US /ræʃ/
UK /ræʃ/
- Adjective
- Without much thought; done or acting too quickly
- Noun
- Series of many negative events in a short time
- Skin condition of raised red spots
B2Moreresearch
US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/
UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- A particular area or topic of study.
A2TOEICMorescience
US /ˈsaɪəns/
UK /'saɪəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Study of the physical world, based on facts
A2TOEICMorescourge
US /skə:dʒ/
UK /skɜ:dʒ/
- Noun
- Person or thing causing great suffering
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a lot of trouble or suffering
C1Moresheer
US /ʃɪr/
UK /ʃɪə(r)/
- Intransitive Verb
- To suddenly turn or change direction
- Adverb
- Straight up and down; steeply
B1Moreshy of
US
UK
- Preposition
- A little less than; just under a certain amount.
- Adjective
- Hesitant or reluctant to do something, often due to nervousness or fear.
B1Moreslay
US /sle/
UK /sleɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To kill violently
B2TOEICMoresmallpox
US /ˈsmɔlˌpɑks/
UK /ˈsmɔ:lpɒks/
- Noun
- Contagious disease with pimples that leave scars
C1Morespread
US /sprɛd/
UK /spred/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- The distance between two things
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To place over a large area; to cover a large area
- (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
A2TOEICMorespread around
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To distribute something to a wide area or to many people.
- To apply something loosely or thinly over a surface.
B2Moresurvive
US /sɚˈvaɪv/
UK /sə'vaɪv/
- Intransitive Verb
- To continue to live despite illness or trouble
A2TOEICMoretackle
US /ˈtækəl/
UK /'tækl/
- Transitive Verb
- To start working on a difficult problem
- To grab and throw a person to the ground
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Equipment used in fishing
- Arrangement of ropes and wheels used for lifting
B1TOEICMoreterrible
US /ˈtɛrəbəl/
UK /ˈterəbl/
- Adjective
- Very bad; horrible
- Causing great fear; frightening
A2TOEICMoretissue
US /ˈtɪʃu/
UK /ˈtɪʃu:/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
- Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
A2Moretransmission
US /trænsˈmɪʃən, trænz-/
UK /trænsˈmɪʃn/
- Noun
- Part of car including gears affecting speed of car
- Electronic signal sent by radio waves; broadcast
B1Morevaccine
US /vækˈsin,ˈvækˌsin/
UK /'væksi:n/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
- A preparation of weakened or killed microorganisms, or of antigenic proteins derived from them, used to induce protective immunity in animals.
B2Morevirus
US /ˈvaɪrəs/
UK /'vaɪrəs/
- Noun
- File secretly put on computers to cause harm
- Living organism that causes disease or sickness
B1Morewake up
US /wek ʌp/
UK /weik ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To stop sleeping
- To become fully aware and alert to a situation.
A1Morewith it
US /wɪð ɪt/
UK /wið it/
- Adjective
- Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
- Understanding and knowledgeable about current trends or information.
A1More
Vocabulary
- dry out: To remove moisture from something; to become completely dry.
- in writing: Expressed or presented in written form, rather than spoken.
- evidence of: Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
- at least: As a minimum
- breathe in: To inhale; to take air into the lungs.
- help out: To assist someone
- get here: To arrive at a specific location.
- at some point: At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
- wake up: To stop sleeping
- look for: To try to find a thing or person that is lost
- on top of that: In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
- burn up: To consume all of something, e.g. fuel, energy
- build up: To increase the amount; collect something
- fill up
- with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
- as a result of: Because of something; owing to.
- spread around: To distribute something to a wide area or to many people.
- instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
- on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
- come together: To assemble or unite; to start working together.
- based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- shy of: A little less than; just under a certain amount.
- come after: To follow someone in order to threaten them
- go out: To leave a building (e.g. a house)
- look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
- literally: In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
- overwhelmed: To defeat something or someone completely
- incredible: Very good; amazing
- immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
- critical: Making a negative judgment of something
- panic: Overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety
- tackle: To start working on a difficult problem
- immediately: Without any delay; straight away
- interfere: To get involved in something not your business
- disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- complex: Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
- research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- sheer: To suddenly turn or change direction
- fluid: A material that can easily flow, e.g. water
- grind: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
- exclusively: For the use of only one person or group
- brew: A beer; a drink of beer
- grasp: Person's control over something
- vaccine: Shot using weak disease cells to stop same disease
- survive: To continue to live despite illness or trouble
- create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
- eradicate: To remove or destroy something completely
- humanity: Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
- haunt: To remain in the mind causing worry, sadness, pain
- tissue: Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
- major: High-ranking officer in the army
- infection: (Computers) Having a computer virus
- abusive: Saying or doing bad or cruel things to others
- mild: Gentle in nature or behavior
- leave: To go away from; depart
- activate: To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
- enlightenment: State of having a lot of knowledge and wisdom
- century: Period of 100 years
- science: Study of the physical world, based on facts
- system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
- invade: To enter something causing a harmful result
- terrible: Very bad; horrible
- worse: Comparative of 'bad'; more bad
- virus: File secretly put on computers to cause harm
- compel: To force someone to do something
- cellular: Concerning a cell of a living thing
- hard: Difficult to do; difficult to understand
- immunity: State of not being able to catch a disease
- scourge: Person or thing causing great suffering
- world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
- transmission: Part of car including gears affecting speed of car
- real: Actually existing or happening, not imagined
- case: Container used to carry things, e.g. clothes
- life: All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
- powder: Dry material made up of small powder-like pieces
- rash: Without much thought; done or acting too quickly
- human: A person; a man, woman or child
- fight: To argue or quarrel with someone about something
- dangerous: Involving the chance of hurt or damage; risky
- light: To cause something to burn; put a burning match to
- molecular: About or caused by molecules
- smallpox: Contagious disease with pimples that leave scars
- carnage: Destruction and devastation involving human deaths
- slay: To kill violently
- pus: Yellow fluid produced from inflamed wound, etc.
- humankind: All of the living human inhabitants of the earth
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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林宜悉 posted on 2026/01/22Ever wondered about the history of smallpox and how we beat it? This animated explainer dives deep into viral pathogenesis and vaccine history, introducing you to fascinating terms like 'variolation' and 'cowpox'. You'll boost your vocabulary while learning about a major public health victory!
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