Vocabulary

  • in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
  • in the future: At a later time; in times to come.
  • slow down: To reduce the speed
  • apart from: Except for; not considering
  • the bottom line: The most important thing; the essential point.
  • in dire straits: Experiencing serious financial or other troubles.
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • for now: Temporarily; for the present time.
  • at the moment: At this time; now
  • stay in: To remain inside one's home.
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • assume: To act in a false manner to mislead others
  • situation: Place, position or area that something is in
  • compromise: To weaken your position or views
  • matter: To be of great importance; to count
  • average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
  • barely: Only just; just possible
  • sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • expect: To believe something is probably going to happen
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • shift: To change in position or direction
  • bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • debt: Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid
  • prevalent: Being common; occurring frequently
  • military: Army or armed forces
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • collapse: To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
  • mention: To refer to or talk or write about something
  • state: Region within a country, with its own government
  • prompt: Message on a computer requiring attention
  • inflation: Act of filling something with air or gas
  • create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
  • budget: Amount of money planned to be spent
  • flexible: Bending easily
  • rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
  • ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
  • produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
  • deprive: To deny someone access to or take away something
  • appear: To be seen, become visible; come into sight
  • moment: Very short or brief period of time
  • analysis: Careful study to better understand something
  • hit: To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
  • sanction: Official support or approval
  • liquid: (Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
  • spend: To use money to pay for something
  • economic: Concerning trade, industry, and money
  • decide: To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
  • enforce: To force something to be done or accepted
  • revolt: Protest against authority; fight to take control
  • central: Being in the middle
  • balance: Instrument for weighing things
  • allocate: To distribute or set apart for a plan or purpose
  • refine: To change slightly in order to improve it
  • materialize: To become real or actual
  • inject: To add or put in more (money, energy etc.)
  • unable: Not being able to do something
  • vat: A large open vessel for holding or storing liquids
  • headlong: (Fall, rush) fast, with the head at the front
  • yuan: Unit of money in China
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    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • allocate

      US /ˈæləˌket/

      UK /ˈæləkeɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To distribute or set apart for a plan or purpose
      B1
      More
    • analysis

      US /əˈnælɪsɪs/

      UK /əˈnæləsɪs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Careful study to better understand something
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • apart from

      US /əˈpɑrt frʌm/

      UK /əˈpɑ:t frɔm/

      • Preposition
      • Except for; not considering
      • In addition to; as well as
      More
    • assume

      US /əˈsum/

      UK /ə'sju:m/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To act in a false manner to mislead others
      • To believe, based on the evidence; suppose
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • at the moment

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • At this time; now
      A1
      More
    • average

      US /ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ/

      UK /'ævərɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Total of numbers divided by the number of items
      • Transitive Verb
      • To add numbers then divide by the number of items
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • balance

      US /ˈbæləns/

      UK /ˈbæləns/

      • Noun
      • Instrument for weighing things
      • Being stable; having equal weight on both sides
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To be steady by having equal weight on both sides
      • To make two or more things equal
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • barely

      US /ˈbɛrli/

      UK /ˈbɛəli/

      • Adverb
      • Only just; just possible
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • budget

      US /ˈbʌdʒɪt/

      UK /'bʌdʒɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Amount of money planned to be spent
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make a plan for how to spend your money
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • central

      US /ˈsɛntrəl/

      UK /'sentrəl/

      • Adjective
      • Being in the middle
      • Most significant or important
      • Noun
      • The central part of a country or region.
      A2
      More
    • collapse

      US /kəˈlæps/

      UK /kə'læps/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
      • To suddenly fall down or break apart into pieces
      • Noun
      • The sudden failure of a structure or system.
      • The sudden failure of a bodily organ or function.
      B1
      More
    • compromise

      US /ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz/

      UK /'kɒmprəmaɪz/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To weaken your position or views
      • To lessen your demands so as to reach agreement
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • When you lessen your demands to get agreement
      B1
      More
    • debt

      US /dɛt/

      UK /det/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sum of money owed to someone that is not yet paid
      • A moral or social obligation.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • decide

      US /dɪˈsaɪd/

      UK /dɪ'saɪd/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make a choice or choose after thinking about it
      • To make a legal judgment in court
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • deprive

      US /dɪˈpraɪv/

      UK /dɪˈpraɪv/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To deny someone access to or take away something
      B2
      More
    • economic

      US /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə-/

      UK /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning trade, industry, and money
      • Financially worthwhile; profitable.
      • Noun
      • A system relating to economics
      • A factor relating to economics
      A2
      More
    • enforce

      US /ɪnˈfɔ:rs/

      UK /ɪnˈfɔ:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To force something to be done or accepted
      • To make (a rule) active or effective
      A2
      More
    • flexible

      US /ˈflɛksəbəl/

      UK /ˈfleksəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Bending easily
      • Able to adjust to new events, requirements easily
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • for now

      US /fɔr naʊ/

      UK /fɔ: nau/

      • Phrase
      • Temporarily; for the present time.
      • In the short term; for the immediate future.
      A1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • headlong

      US /ˈhedlɔ:ŋ/

      UK /ˈhedlɒŋ/

      • Adverb
      • (Fall, rush) fast, with the head at the front
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • in dire straits

      US /ɪn ˈdaɪɚ streɪts/

      UK /in ˈdaiə streits/

      • other
      • Experiencing serious financial or other troubles.
      C1
      More
    • in the future

      US /ɪn ði ˈfjutʃɚ/

      UK /in ðə ˈfju:tʃə/

      • Phrase
      • At a later time; in times to come.
      A1
      More
    • in the past

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • During a former period of time; previously.
      A1
      More
    • inflation

      US /ɪnˈfleʃən/

      UK /ɪn'fleɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of filling something with air or gas
      • Continual rise in the prices of products
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • inject

      US /ɪnˈdʒɛkt/

      UK /ɪn'dʒekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To add or put in more (money, energy etc.)
      • To motivate or put energy into something
      B1
      More
    • liquid

      US /ˈlɪkwɪd/

      UK /ˈlɪkwɪd/

      • Adjective
      • (Of wealth) being able to be spent as cash
      • In a state of being uncertain
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something that is similar to the state of water
      • A drink; beverage.
      A2
      More
    • materialize

      US /məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz/

      UK /mə'tɪərɪəlaɪz/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To become real or actual
      • Transitive Verb
      • To give material form to; to produce.
      B2
      More
    • mention

      US /ˈmɛnʃən/

      UK /'menʃn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To refer to or talk or write about something
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of referring to or talking about something
      • A formal acknowledgement of something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • military

      US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/

      UK /'mɪlətrɪ/

      • Noun
      • Army or armed forces
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the army or navy
      B1
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • prevalent

      US /ˈprɛvələnt/

      UK /ˈprevələnt/

      • Adjective
      • Being common; occurring frequently
      • Commonly occurring or existing; widespread.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • prompt

      US /prɑmpt/

      UK /prɒmpt/

      • Noun
      • Message on a computer requiring attention
      • Encouragement to ask someone else to talk
      • Transitive Verb
      • To display a message to requires a user to act
      • To say something to encourage someone else to talk
      B1
      More
    • refine

      US /rɪˈfaɪn/

      UK /rɪ'faɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To change slightly in order to improve it
      • To narrow down your search to a smaller number
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • revolt

      US /rɪˈvolt/

      UK /rɪ'vəʊlt/

      • Noun
      • Protest against authority; fight to take control
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To refuse to obey someone's authority or wishes
      B2
      More
    • sanction

      US /ˈsæŋkʃən/

      UK /'sæŋkʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Official support or approval
      • Action taken to force a country to obey laws
      • Transitive Verb
      • To allow or approve something
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • shift

      US /ʃɪft/

      UK /ʃɪft/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To change in position or direction
      • To move something from one place to another
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
      • Period of work starting at a certain time
      A2
      More
    • slow down

      US /slo daʊn/

      UK /sləu daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce the speed
      • To become less active or busy.
      A1
      More
    • spend

      US /spɛnd/

      UK /spend/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To use money to pay for something
      • To use time in order to do something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • stay in

      US /ste ɪn/

      UK /stei in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain inside one's home.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To remain as an inpatient in a hospital.
      More
    • the bottom line

      US /ði ˈbɑtəm laɪn/

      UK /ðə ˈbɔtəm lain/

      • Noun
      • The most important thing; the essential point.
      • The net income or profit of a company.
      A2
      More
    • unable

      US /ʌnˈebəl/

      UK /ʌnˈeɪbl/

      • Adjective
      • Not being able to do something
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • vat

      US /væt/

      UK /væt/

      • Countable Noun
      • A large open vessel for holding or storing liquids
      • Value added tax; a sales tax placed on goods
      • Adjective
      • Relating to Value Added Tax.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • yuan

      US /juˈɑn, juɑn/

      UK /jʊ'ɑ:n/

      • Noun
      • Unit of money in China
      B2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #russia#russian#oil#economy#gold#government

    Why Russia's war machine is running out of steam | DW News

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/11/27
    Ever wondered how economic sanctions really impact a nation's war machine? This DW News interview dives deep into Russia's economy, exploring how oil revenue and tax increases are affecting its capabilities. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary related to economics and sanctions, perfect for understanding complex global events!

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