affect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreaggression
US /əˈɡrɛʃən/
UK /əˈgreʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Use of energy and determination to achieve a goal
- Hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another; readiness to attack or confront.
B1Moreaid
US /ed/
UK /eɪd/
- Transitive Verb
- To help others and provide things
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Action of giving help to others
- Money or help given to those who need it
A2TOEICMorealcohol
US /ˈælkəˌhɔl,-ˌhɑl/
UK /'ælkəhɒl/
- Uncountable Noun
- A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- Drinks such as wine, whiskey, beer
B1Morealign
US /əˈlaɪn/
UK /əˈlaɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another
- Intransitive Verb
- To be in a line or in the correct position in relation to something else.
B2Morebiological
US /ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/
UK /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being related to life and living things
- A substance, such as a detergent, that contains enzymes.
B1Morebrand
US /brænd/
UK /brænd/
- Noun
- A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
- Product made or designed by a named company
- Transitive Verb
- To burn a mark on an animal to show who owns it
- To describe someone as a liar, coward, etc.
A2TOEICMorebring in
US /brɪŋ ɪn/
UK /briŋ in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To earn a certain amount of money or profits
- To add person into existing group, e.g. phone call
A1Moreconduct
US / kənˈdʌkt/
UK /kənˈdʌkt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Your behavior
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To behave in a certain way; e.g. at a party
- To let electricity or heat travel through
B1TOEICMoredeodorant
US /diˈodərənt/
UK /dɪ'əʊdərənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Substance applied to the skin to hide body smells
- A preparation for application to the body to prevent or mask unpleasant odors caused by perspiration.
C1Moredetermine
US /dɪˈtɚmɪn/
UK /dɪ'tɜ:mɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To control exactly how something will be or act
- To establish the facts about; discover
A2TOEICMoredomain
US /doʊˈmeɪn/
UK /dəˈmeɪn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A field of knowledge, thought or influence
- Area that a ruler or government controls
B1Moreencourage
US /ɛnˈkɚrɪdʒ, -ˈkʌr-/
UK /ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ/
- Transitive Verb
- To increase the chance of something happening
- To make someone more determined or confident
A2TOEICMoreexperiment
US /ɪkˈspɛrəmənt/
UK /ɪk'sperɪmənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
- A course of action tentatively adopted without being sure of the eventual outcome.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To create and perform tests to research something
- To try something new that you haven't tried before
A2TOEICMorefragrance
US /ˈfreɪgrəns/
UK /ˈfreɪgrəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Sweet, enjoyable, often flowery or fruity smell
- A perfume or cologne.
B2Moregoing on
US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/
UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue doing something
- To happen (usually negative)
A1Moregym
US /dʒɪm/
UK /dʒɪm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Physical education taught as a class in school
- Building used for physical activities or sports
C2Morehormone
US /ˈhɔrˌmon/
UK /'hɔ:məʊn/
- Noun
- Chemical produced by the body to control functions
B2Morein addition to
US /ɪn əˈdɪʃən tu/
UK /in əˈdiʃən tu:/
- Preposition
- Besides; as well as
- Phrase
- Besides; as well as.
- Furthermore; moreover.
B1Morein blood
US /ɪn blʌd/
UK /in blʌd/
- other
- Covered or stained with blood, literally or figuratively.
C2Morein the club
US /ɪn ðə ˈklʌb/
UK /in ðə ˈklʌb/
- other
- Being a member of a group or organization.
A2Moreinspire
US /ɪnˈspaɪr/
UK /ɪn'spaɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To give someone an idea to do or make something
- To make someone feel a certain emotion
- Intransitive Verb
- To breathe in
- To draw (air, etc.) into the lungs.
B1TOEICMoreinstead of
US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/
UK /inˈsted ɔv/
- Preposition
- When one thing is replaced by another
- Adverb
- As a substitute or alternative.
A1Morejail
US /dʒel/
UK /dʒeɪl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Place to hold criminals being punished for a crime
- Transitive Verb
- To hold people who are being punished for a crime
B1Morekitty
US /ˈkɪti/
UK /'kɪtɪ/
- Countable Noun
- Amount of money a group of people share
- Money contributed for expenses by group of people
- Proper Noun
- Person's name
B2Morelaunch
US /lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ/
UK /lɔ:ntʃ/
- Noun
- Starting a new project; introducing new product
- Act of firing rockets into the air
- Transitive Verb
- To start a new project; start selling a product
- To put a rocket into the air
A2TOEICMorelemon
US /ˈlɛmən/
UK /'lemən/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Badly made or poorly functioning product
- Small yellow fruit with sour juice
B2Moremenstrual
US /ˈmɛnstruəl/
UK /ˈmenstruəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning a female's period
B2Moremuse
US /mjuz/
UK /mju:z/
- Intransitive Verb
- To think about slowly or over a long period
B2TOEICMoreodor
US /'oʊdə/
UK /'əʊdə/
- Noun
- A certain smell, often strong or distinct
- A distinctive smell, especially an unpleasant one.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A certain smell, often strong or distinct
B1TOEICMoreoptimization
US /ˌɑptəmɪˈzeʃən/
UK /ˌɒptɪmaɪ'zeɪʃən/
- Uncountable Noun
- Efforts to make as effective as possible
B2Moreovulation
US /ˌɒvjʊ'leɪʃn/
UK /ˌɒvjʊ'leɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Production of eggs within the female body
C1Moreperfume
US /pərˈfju:m/
UK /ˈpɜ:fju:m/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Liquid with a pleasing smell you put on your skin
- Nice, sweet or flowery smell
- Transitive Verb
- To add a pleasing smell to something
B1Morepit
US /pɪt/
UK /pɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To use your strength, skill or wit to beat another
- To make holes or marks on a surface
- Noun
- Hole in the ground
- Garage area for racing cars on a circuit
B1Morepurchase
US
UK
- Transitive Verb
- To buy something; to get by paying money for it
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something that you bought
- Strong hold on something; grip
A2TOEICMoreregulate
US /ˈrɛɡjəˌlet/
UK /ˈregjuleɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To control something with rules or laws
- To set/adjust (a clock, etc.); restrict motion in
A2TOEICMorereproductive
US /ˌriprəˈdʌktɪv/
UK /ˌri:prəˈdʌktɪv/
- Adjective
- Concerning the process of making children
- Relating to having children, young, or new plants
B1Morereveal
US /rɪˈvil/
UK /rɪ'vi:l/
- Transitive Verb
- To show something that was hidden before
A2TOEICMorescale
US /skel/
UK /skeɪl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Size, level, or amount when compared
- Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change the size of but keep the proportions
- To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
A2TOEICMorescientific
US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
UK /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning academic study of the physical world
- Systematic and precise, following a methodology.
- Noun
- Relating to or used in science.
A2Moresecretion
US /sɪˈkriʃən/
UK /sɪˈkri:ʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Release of a liquid from a gland or cell
B2Moreshelter
US /ˈʃɛltɚ/
UK /'ʃeltə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Place to protect people/animals from abuse
- Structure that covers or protects things
- Transitive Verb
- To give animals, people a place away from abuse
- To find protection from danger/bad weather
B1Moreshift
US /ʃɪft/
UK /ʃɪft/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change in position or direction
- To move something from one place to another
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
- Period of work starting at a certain time
A2Moreshift in
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- A change or alteration in something.
B2Moreshow up
US /ʃo ʌp/
UK /ʃəu ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
- To be noticeably better than (someone else)
A1Moresire
US /saɪr/
UK /'saɪə(r)/
- Noun
- Male parent of an animal
- Former term of address to a king
- Transitive Verb
- (Of males) to become the father of a child
B2Moresniff
US /snɪf/
UK /snɪf/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To detect something, e.g. a potential problem
- To breathe in noisily through nose, as when crying
- Noun
- A noisy breath through your nose
B1Morestand out
US /stænd aʊt/
UK /stænd aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To be noticeably better than other similar ones
A1Moresurge
US /sɜ:rdʒ/
UK /sɜ:dʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sudden movement in one direction by many
- Sudden or unexpected increase in amount
- Intransitive Verb
- To move unexpectedly and quickly in one direction
- To rise to an unexpected height
B2Moresweat
US /swɛt/
UK /swet/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To do an amount of hard work
- To be worried or anxious about something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An amount of hard work
A2Moretension
US /ˈtɛnʃən/
UK /'tenʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
- Degree to which something is stretched tight
A2TOEICMoretypically
US /ˈtɪpɪklɪ/
UK /ˈtɪpɪkli/
- Adverb
- In a normal or usual way
B1Morewax
US /wæks/
UK /wæks/
- Intransitive Verb
- (Of the moon) to get bigger, like a full circle
- To speak emotionally about a particular memory
- Uncountable Noun
- Substance naturally produced inside the earhole
- Soft substance that melts, used for candles
B1TOEICMore
Vocabulary
- shift in: A change or alteration in something.
- in blood: Covered or stained with blood, literally or figuratively.
- going on: To continue doing something
- in the club: Being a member of a group or organization.
- instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
- in addition to: Besides; as well as
- stand out
- show up: To arrive or be seen at a place, e.g. a party
- bring in: To earn a certain amount of money or profits
- reveal: To show something that was hidden before
- scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
- determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
- typically: In a normal or usual way
- surge: Sudden movement in one direction by many
- experiment: Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
- hormone: Chemical produced by the body to control functions
- align: To arrange (e.g. objects) in line with one another
- brand: A mark burned on an animal to show who owns it
- shift: To change in position or direction
- encourage: To increase the chance of something happening
- conduct: Your behavior
- affect: To cause a change in something else
- shelter: Place to protect people/animals from abuse
- inspire: To give someone an idea to do or make something
- odor: A certain smell, often strong or distinct
- explain: To make clear or easy to understand by describing
- purchase: To buy something; to get by paying money for it
- launch: Starting a new project; introducing new product
- regulate: To control something with rules or laws
- tension: Feeling of anxiety and inability to relax
- scientific: Concerning academic study of the physical world
- aid: To help others and provide things
- sweat: To do an amount of hard work
- mood: Emotion or a state of mind; how you feel
- alcohol: A colorless liquid that can catch fire (C2H5OH)
- sniff: To detect something, e.g. a potential problem
- organize: To arrange and plan things, e.g. a party
- deodorant: Substance applied to the skin to hide body smells
- aggression: Use of energy and determination to achieve a goal
- biological: Being related to life and living things
- domain: A field of knowledge, thought or influence
- menstrual: Concerning a female's period
- great: Very good; better than before
- business: A company formed for making profit
- pit: To use your strength, skill or wit to beat another
- wax: (Of the moon) to get bigger, like a full circle
- fragrance: Sweet, enjoyable, often flowery or fruity smell
- perfume: Liquid with a pleasing smell you put on your skin
- feel: To be aware of or experience an emotion, sensation
- reproductive: Concerning the process of making children
- jail: Place to hold criminals being punished for a crime
- endocrine: Concerning or belonging to endocrine glands or their secretions
- gym: Physical education taught as a class in school
- secretion: Release of a liquid from a gland or cell
- put: To move or place a thing in a particular position
- website: Collection of webpages in one location
- ovulation: Production of eggs within the female body
- study: To focus on learning something usually at school
- man: Humans in general, including male and female
- save: To make your computer keep a file
- relax: To calm or quiet yourself, or stop worrying
- muse: To think about slowly or over a long period
- club: Group of people who share an interest, as in sport
- free: Living, happening without being controlled
- optimization: Efforts to make as effective as possible
- lemon: Badly made or poorly functioning product
- sire: Male parent of an animal
- kitty: Amount of money a group of people share
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Smelling male sweat brightens women’s moods, reduces tension, and regulates their menstrual cycle
0
林宜悉 posted on 2025/11/20Ever wondered if smelling a certain scent could change your mood? This hilarious social experiment dives into the surprising effects of male sweat, exploring scent science and maybe even a little bit of gross humor! You'll pick up some fascinating vocabulary related to pheromones and social experiments while getting a good laugh.
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