Vocabulary

  • cut down: To reduce your use of something
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
  • top up: To add to something so as to increase the amount.
  • in effect: In reality; in practice; virtually
  • check out
  • literally: In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
  • essential: Extremely or most important and necessary
  • practice: The office and place for legal or medical work
  • native: Someone from or born in a specific country
  • productive: Producing things in large quantities; fertile
  • bit: Device put in a horse's mouth to control it
  • statement: Record of activity in a bank account over time
  • state: Region within a country, with its own government
  • religion: Organized set of beliefs about a god or gods
  • remarkable: Interesting and unexpected, worthy of notice
  • effect: An advantage, benefit
  • foster: To raise a child who is not yours, for payment
  • lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • induce: To make someone do something; create an outcome
  • slash: Line ( / ) used in writing
  • harmony: Pleasing, attractive combination of parts, things
  • slight: Small (amount, quality)
  • promote: To try to encourage popularity/sales of a product
  • haven: Place where people can feel safe and happy
  • single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
  • british: Concerning the culture and people of British
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • creative: Having the ability to make something new
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
  • efficiency: Working well; producing something without waste
  • language: Words or signs used to communicate messages
  • bring: To take or go with someone to a place
  • rubber: Material used to make tires, etc.
  • basic: At the most important or easiest (beginner) level
  • operation: Business or company, or its activities
  • steel: Very strong or determined character in a person
  • person: Man, woman or child
  • central: Being in the middle
  • cooperate: To work together with, to assist someone
  • store: To put things in a place for later use
  • glue: Sticky substance used for joining things together
  • iron: Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
  • background: Images, color, or information behind the main one
  • brass: Yellow metal made by combining copper and zinc
  • sum: Amount when all is added together; total
  • peace: Calm and quiet state
  • compress: To press tightly together
  • underlie: To be the basis, foundation or cause of something
  • graphite: Black substance that is used in pencil lead
  • eraser: Piece of rubber to rub out a mistake in writing
  • ore: Rock containing valuable metal
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    • background

      US /ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/

      UK /ˈbækgraʊnd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Images, color, or information behind the main one
      • Someone's personal work and educational history
      • Adjective
      • Done or existing in a less noticeable or important way
      • Hidden or not easily seen
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • brass

      US /bræs/

      UK /brɑ:s/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Yellow metal made by combining copper and zinc
      • The section of a band playing trumpets, horn etc.
      • Noun (plural)
      • Musical instruments such as trumpet or trombone
      • Shiny objects made of a golden metal
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • central

      US /ˈsɛntrəl/

      UK /'sentrəl/

      • Adjective
      • Being in the middle
      • Most significant or important
      • Noun
      • The central part of a country or region.
      A2
      More
    • check out

      US /tʃɛk aʊt/

      UK /tʃek aut/

      • Phrase
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To find out information about something
      • To take books out of a library
      A1
      More
    • compress

      US /kəmˈprɛs/

      UK /kəmˈpres/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To press tightly together
      • To make smaller; reduce in time, size etc.
      B1
      More
    • cooperate

      US /koˈɑpəˌret/

      UK /kəʊ'ɒpəreɪt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To work together with, to assist someone
      B1
      More
    • creative

      US /kriˈetɪv/

      UK /krɪ'eɪtɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Having the ability to make something new
      • Having the ability to create; imaginative and original.
      • Noun
      • A person whose job involves creative work.
      A2
      More
    • cut down

      US /kʌt daʊn/

      UK /kʌt daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce your use of something
      • To fell a tree.
      A1
      More
    • efficiency

      US /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

      UK /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Working well; producing something without waste
      • The ratio of useful output to total input in any system.
      A2
      More
    • eraser

      US /ɪˈreɪsər/

      UK /ɪˈreɪzə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Piece of rubber to rub out a mistake in writing
      B2
      More
    • essential

      US /ɪˈsɛnʃəl/

      UK /ɪ'senʃl/

      • Adjective
      • Extremely or most important and necessary
      • Fundamental; basic.
      • Noun
      • A concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • foster

      US /'fɔ:stər/

      UK /'fɒstə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To raise a child who is not yours, for payment
      • To raise a child who is not yours, for payment
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • glue

      US /ɡlu/

      UK /ɡlu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Sticky substance used for joining things together
      • Transitive Verb
      • To join or affix things with glue or paste
      B1
      More
    • graphite

      US /ˈɡræfˌaɪt/

      UK /ˈgræfaɪt/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Black substance that is used in pencil lead
      C1
      More
    • harmony

      US /ˈhɑrməni/

      UK /'hɑ:mənɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Pleasing, attractive combination of parts, things
      • When musical notes sound pleasing together
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • in effect

      US /ɪn ɪˈfɛkt/

      UK /in iˈfekt/

      • Phrase
      • In reality; in practice; virtually
      A1
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense.
      A1
      More
    • induce

      US /ɪnˈdus, -ˈdjus/

      UK /ɪn'dju:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make someone do something; create an outcome
      • To make a woman give birth by giving her medicine
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • iron

      US /ˈaɪərn/

      UK /ˈaɪən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Heavy metal device heated to smooth clothes
      • Golf club with a metal head
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use a hot flat-based machine to smooth clothes
      B1
      More
    • literally

      US /ˈlɪtərəli/

      UK

      • Adverb
      • In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
      • Used for emphasis to describe something that is actually true, often to highlight surprise or intensity.
      B1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • native

      US /ˈnetɪv/

      UK /ˈneɪtɪv/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Someone from or born in a specific country
      • Original inhabitant, e.g. before others
      • Adjective
      • Caused by natural ability; innate
      A2
      More
    • operation

      US /ˌɑpəˈreʃən/

      UK /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Business or company, or its activities
      • Functioning; use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • ore

      US /ɔr, or/

      UK /ɔ:(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Rock containing valuable metal
      • A source or supply of something.
      B2
      More
    • peace

      US /pis/

      UK /pi:s/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Calm and quiet state
      • Time when there is no war or fighting
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • practice

      US /ˈpræktɪs/

      UK /'præktɪs/

      • Noun
      • The office and place for legal or medical work
      • Doing something many times to become better at it
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To work as a doctor or lawyer
      • To live according to the teachings of a religion
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • productive

      US /prəˈdʌktɪv, pro-/

      UK /prəˈdʌktɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Producing things in large quantities; fertile
      • Doing a lot of work and achieving a lot
      B1
      More
    • promote

      US /prəˈmoʊt/

      UK /prəˈməʊt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To try to encourage popularity/sales of a product
      • To move someone to a higher position or rank
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • religion

      US /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

      UK /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

      • Countable Noun
      • Organized set of beliefs about a god or gods
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Belief in God or gods that governs people's lives
      • A person's particular system of beliefs and worship.
      A2
      More
    • remarkable

      US /rɪˈmɑrkəbəl/

      UK /rɪˈmɑ:kəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Interesting and unexpected, worthy of notice
      • Worthy of attention; striking.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rubber

      US /ˈrʌbɚ/

      UK /'rʌbə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Material used to make tires, etc.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • slash

      US /slæʃ/

      UK /slæʃ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Line ( / ) used in writing
      • Long, deep cut, caused by a sharp object
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cut violently with a sharp object
      • To decrease something by a large amount
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • slight

      US /slaɪt/

      UK /slaɪt/

      • Adjective
      • Small (amount, quality)
      • Appearing thin, delicate and physically weak
      • Transitive Verb
      • To ignore or treat rudely and with no respect
      B1
      More
    • statement

      US / ˈstetmənt/

      UK /ˈsteɪtmənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Record of activity in a bank account over time
      • Act or process of saying something formally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • steel

      US /stil/

      UK /sti:l/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Very strong or determined character in a person
      • Very strong metal made of iron, etc.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To prepare yourself for something difficult
      A2
      More
    • store

      US /stɔr, stor/

      UK /stɔ:(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To put things in a place for later use
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Place where things are kept for future use
      • Place where you can go to buy things
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sum

      US /sʌm/

      UK /sʌm/

      • Noun
      • Amount when all is added together; total
      • Transitive Verb
      • To add two or more numbers together; total
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • top up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To add to something so as to increase the amount.
      A1
      More
    • underlie

      US /ˌʌndərˈlaɪ/

      UK /ˌʌndəˈlaɪ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To be the basis, foundation or cause of something
      • To lie or exist beneath
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #pencil#graphite#cooperate#free market#tree#south america

    Milton Friedman on The Magic of Prices [Original Speech]

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    林宜悉 posted on 2025/08/28
    Ever wondered how a simple pencil comes to be? This fascinating original speech by Milton Friedman breaks down the incredible 'magic of prices' and the division of labor that makes global supply chains possible! You'll pick up key economics concepts with super simple explanations, perfect for understanding how the world works.

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