Vocabulary

  • have to: Must do
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • on top of that: In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
  • in total: Completely; with everything added together.
  • look for: To try to find a thing or person that is lost
  • in a nutshell: As a summary; including the main points concisely
  • interact with
  • any sort of: Any kind of; any type of
  • pass through: To experience something, often unpleasant or difficult.
  • of yours: Belonging to you; your possession or property.
  • spread out: To extend or stretch over a large area.
  • slow down: To reduce the speed
  • shut down: To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
  • stick around: To remain in place; not leave or go
  • in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
  • back then: At that time in the past.
  • down the line: At a later time; in the future.
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • for no good reason: Without any clear or valid reason; unjustified.
  • aim at: To point or direct something, such as a weapon, towards a target.
  • against you: In opposition to you.
  • care of: Used in an address to indicate the person who will receive the mail for someone else.
  • bring in: To earn a certain amount of money or profits
  • at a glance: Immediately; instantly upon looking.
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • literally: In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
  • constantly: Frequently, or without pause
  • fatigue: Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • recognize: To accept the truth or reality of something
  • extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
  • pandemic: (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
  • trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
  • multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
  • diabetes: Illness where there is too much sugar in the blood
  • evolve: To develop certain features
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • aggressive: Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
  • bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • fundamental: Forming a necessary part, base, or core
  • sheer: To suddenly turn or change direction
  • prevent: To stop something from happening or existing
  • component: One of the parts that something is made up of
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • similar: Nearly the same; alike
  • genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
  • cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • evolution: Theory that living things change over time
  • suddenly: In an unexpected or very quick manner
  • insulin: Substance in the body processing sugar into energy
  • survive: To continue to live despite illness or trouble
  • create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
  • scrub: To clean with hard rubbing
  • privacy: State of being hidden from the presence of others
  • risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
  • tissue: Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • analyze: To study carefully to find out the meaning of
  • shape: The outer form of something, what it looks like
  • nutshell: Shell that surrounds the kernel of a nut
  • activate: To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
  • enemy: Something that stops you doing what you want
  • distribution: Dividing or spreading out to others
  • destruction: Act of destroying; damaging beyond repair
  • cartilage: Strong flexible tissue connecting bones, joints
  • wipe: To clean or dry something with a cloth
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • colossal: Being extremely large in size or amount
  • allow: To admit the validity or truth of something
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • arthritis: Diseases of the joints often with painful swelling
  • custom: Person's regular, daily habit or practice
  • ruthless: Not considering the feelings or health of others
  • infectious: Capable of transmitting disease to others
  • enforce: To force something to be done or accepted
  • part: Division of a book
  • start: First time or place that a thing exists; beginning
  • real: Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • healthy: In good condition physically, or financially; well
  • carry: To have a child, be pregnant
  • insulation: Material that is used to prevent heat, etc. passing
  • university: High-level educational institution; college
  • flu: Illness causing headache, fever etc.
  • lymph: Clear fluid containing white blood cells
  • sclerosis: (Medical) process in which a soft tissue becomes hard
  • lupus: Constellation in the southern hemisphere near Centaurus
  • dna: Chemical in living cells with genetic information
  • kamikaze: Mission of Japanese pilots in WWII to crash planes
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • activate

      US /ˈæktəˌvet/

      UK /ˈæktɪveɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause to happen; cause a chemical reaction
      • To make something start working
      B1
      More
    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • against you

      US

      UK

      • Preposition
      • In opposition to you.
      • Expressing disagreement or disapproval of you.
      A2
      More
    • aggressive

      US /əˈɡrɛsɪv/

      UK /əˈgresɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Using energy and determination to achieve a goal
      • Behaving in a hostile and threatening way
      B1
      More
    • aim at

      US /em æt/

      UK /eim æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To point or direct something, such as a weapon, towards a target.
      • To have a particular goal or intention.
      A1
      More
    • along with

      US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/

      UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; together with.
      • Adverb
      • In company or together with someone or something.
      • Including; in addition to.
      A2
      More
    • analyze

      US /ˈænəˌlaɪz/

      UK /'ænəlaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To study carefully to find out the meaning of
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • any sort of

      US

      UK

      • Determiner
      • Any kind of; any type of
      • Phrase
      • Somewhat; to some extent
      A2
      More
    • arthritis

      US /ɑrˈθraɪtɪs/

      UK /ɑ:ˈθraɪtɪs/

      • Noun
      • Diseases of the joints often with painful swelling
      B2
      More
    • at a glance

      US /æt e ɡlæns/

      UK /æt ə ɡlɑ:ns/

      • Phrase
      • Immediately; instantly upon looking.
      A1
      More
    • back then

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • At that time in the past.
      A1
      More
    • bacteria

      US /bækˈtɪriə/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/

      • Noun (plural)
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • bring in

      US /brɪŋ ɪn/

      UK /briŋ in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To earn a certain amount of money or profits
      • To add person into existing group, e.g. phone call
      A1
      More
    • care of

      US /kɛr ʌv/

      UK /kɛə ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Used in an address to indicate the person who will receive the mail for someone else.
      A2
      More
    • cartilage

      US /ˈkɑrtlɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈkɑ:tɪlɪdʒ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Strong flexible tissue connecting bones, joints
      C1
      More
    • cause

      US /kɔz/

      UK /kɔ:z/

      • Noun
      • Belief, goal or organization that people support
      • Reason for
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something happen; create effect or result
      A2
      More
    • colossal

      US /kəˈlɑ:sl/

      UK /kəˈlɒsl/

      • Adjective
      • Being extremely large in size or amount
      • Extraordinarily great in size, extent, or degree; gigantic; huge.
      C1
      More
    • component

      US /kəmˈponənt/

      UK /kəmˈpəʊnənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of the parts that something is made up of
      • A constituent part; ingredient.
      • Adjective
      • Being a part of something
      A2
      More
    • constantly

      US /ˈkɑnstəntlɪ/

      UK /ˈkɒnstəntli/

      • Adverb
      • Frequently, or without pause
      • In a way that is unchanging or faithful
      B1
      More
    • custom

      US /ˈkʌstəm/

      UK /ˈkʌstəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Person's regular, daily habit or practice
      • Tradition that most people in a community do
      • Adjective
      • Specially made to order
      • Modified to a particular specification.
      A2
      More
    • destruction

      US /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

      UK /dɪ'strʌkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Act of destroying; damaging beyond repair
      • The state of being destroyed or ruined.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • diabetes

      US /ˌdaɪəˈbitɪs, -tiz/

      UK /ˌdaɪəˈbi:ti:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness where there is too much sugar in the blood
      • A form of diabetes, usually diagnosed in children and young adults, in which the body does not produce insulin.
      B2
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • distribution

      US /ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən/

      UK /ˌdɪstrɪˈbju:ʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dividing or spreading out to others
      • Act of sending products to stores to sell
      • Adjective
      • Sending products to stores to sell
      B1
      More
    • dna

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Chemical in living cells with genetic information
      B2
      More
    • down the line

      US /daʊn ði laɪn/

      UK /daun ðə lain/

      • Phrase
      • At a later time; in the future.
      • Completely; entirely; all the way.
      • Adjective
      • In agreement or accordance with something.
      A1
      More
    • enemy

      US /ˈɛnəmi/

      UK /ˈenəmi/

      • Noun
      • Something that stops you doing what you want
      • Group, or people, you are opposed to
      A2
      More
    • enforce

      US /ɪnˈfɔ:rs/

      UK /ɪnˈfɔ:s/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To force something to be done or accepted
      • To make (a rule) active or effective
      A2
      More
    • evolution

      US /ˌɛvəˈluʃən, ˌivə-/

      UK /ˌi:və'lu:ʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Theory that living things change over time
      • Process by which something develops over time
      B1
      More
    • evolve

      US /ɪˈvɑlv/

      UK /ɪ'vɒlv/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To develop certain features
      • To develop or change slowly over time
      B1
      More
    • extremely

      US /ɪk'strimlɪ/

      UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/

      • Adverb
      • In a way that is much more than usual or expected
      • Remarkably; unusually.
      B1
      More
    • fatigue

      US /fəˈtiɡ/

      UK /fəˈti:g/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
      • Being very tired
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause someone or something to become very tired
      B2
      More
    • flu

      US /flu/

      UK /flu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness causing headache, fever etc.
      • A specific instance or bout of influenza.
      B2
      More
    • for no good reason

      US /fɚ no ɡʊd ˈrizən/

      UK /fə nəu ɡʊd ˈri:zən/

      • other
      • Without any clear or valid reason; unjustified.
      B1
      More
    • fundamental

      US /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl/

      UK /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/

      • Adjective
      • Forming a necessary part, base, or core
      • Of central importance.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A basic part of something
      • (Music) the lowest note in a harmony
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • genetic

      US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/

      UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
      • Relating to genes or heredity.
      B1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • in a nutshell

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As a summary; including the main points concisely
      C2
      More
    • in the past

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • During a former period of time; previously.
      A1
      More
    • in total

      US /ɪn ˈtotl/

      UK /in ˈtəutəl/

      • Phrase
      • Completely; with everything added together.
      A1
      More
    • infectious

      US /ɪnˈfɛkʃəs/

      UK /ɪnˈfekʃəs/

      • Adjective
      • Capable of transmitting disease to others
      • Making others feel like laughing
      A2
      More
    • insulation

      US /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃn/

      UK /ˌɪnsjuˈleɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Material that is used to prevent heat, etc. passing
      B2
      More
    • insulin

      US /ˈɪnsəlɪn/

      UK /ˈɪnsjəlɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Substance in the body processing sugar into energy
      B2
      More
    • interact with

      US /ˌɪntɚˈækt wɪð/

      UK /ˌɪntərˈækt wið/

      • Phrase
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To engage in communication or action involving mutual or reciprocal influence.
      • To use a computer interface to achieve a specific goal.
      A2
      More
    • kamikaze

      US /ˌkæmɪ'kɑ:zɪ/

      UK /ˌkæmɪˈkɑ:zi/

      • Noun
      • Mission of Japanese pilots in WWII to crash planes
      • A reckless or suicidal attack.
      • Adjective
      • Marked by or involving reckless or self-destructive behavior.
      C2
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • literally

      US /ˈlɪtərəli/

      UK

      • Adverb
      • In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
      • Used for emphasis to describe something that is actually true, often to highlight surprise or intensity.
      B1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • look for

      US /lʊk fɔr/

      UK /luk fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To try to find a thing or person that is lost
      • To expect or anticipate something.
      A1
      More
    • lupus

      US /'lu:pəs/

      UK /'lu:pəs/

      • Noun
      • Constellation in the southern hemisphere near Centaurus
      C2
      More
    • lymph

      US /lɪmf/

      UK /lɪmf/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Clear fluid containing white blood cells
      C1
      More
    • multiple

      US /ˈmʌltəpəl/

      UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/

      • Adjective
      • Having or involving more than one of something
      • Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
      • Countable Noun
      • Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
      • A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
      B1
      More
    • nutshell

      US /ˈnʌtˌʃɛl/

      UK /ˈnʌtʃel/

      • Countable Noun
      • Shell that surrounds the kernel of a nut
      C2
      More
    • of yours

      US /ʌv jʊɚz/

      UK /əv jɔ:z/

      • other
      • Belonging to you; your possession or property.
      A1
      More
    • on top of that

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In addition to something already mentioned; furthermore.
      A1
      More
    • pandemic

      US /pænˈdɛmɪk/

      UK /pæn'demɪk/

      • Adjective
      • (of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants
      • Noun
      • a pandemic disease
      C2
      More
    • pass through

      US /pæs θru/

      UK /pɑ:s θru:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To experience something, often unpleasant or difficult.
      • To go through something; to move from one side to the other of something.
      A2
      More
    • prevent

      US /prɪˈvɛnt/

      UK /prɪ'vent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop something from happening or existing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • privacy

      US /ˈpraɪvəsi/

      UK /ˈprɪvəsi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of being hidden from the presence of others
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • recognize

      US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To accept the truth or reality of something
      • To consider something as important or special
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • ruthless

      US /ˈruθlɪs/

      UK /ˈru:θləs/

      • Adjective
      • Not considering the feelings or health of others
      B2
      More
    • sclerosis

      US /skləˈroʊsɪs/

      UK /skləˈrəʊsɪs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • (Medical) process in which a soft tissue becomes hard
      C1
      More
    • scrub

      US /skrʌb/

      UK /skrʌb/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To clean with hard rubbing
      • Noun
      • Act of cleaning with hard rubbing
      • An insignificant or contemptible person; someone who thinks they are cool but has no money, job, or prospects.
      B2
      More
    • sheer

      US /ʃɪr/

      UK /ʃɪə(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To suddenly turn or change direction
      • Adverb
      • Straight up and down; steeply
      B1
      More
    • shut down

      US /ʃʌt daʊn/

      UK /ʃʌt daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
      • To stop a factory/machine from operating
      • Transitive Verb
      • To deactivate a nuclear reactor.
      • To turn off a computer or other electronic device.
      A2
      More
    • slow down

      US /slo daʊn/

      UK /sləu daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce the speed
      • To become less active or busy.
      A1
      More
    • spread out

      US /sprɛd aʊt/

      UK /spred aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To extend or stretch over a large area.
      • To arrange things so that they cover a large area.
      B2
      More
    • stick around

      US /stɪk əˈraʊnd/

      UK /stik əˈraund/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain in place; not leave or go
      A2
      More
    • survive

      US /sɚˈvaɪv/

      UK /sə'vaɪv/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To continue to live despite illness or trouble
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • tissue

      US /ˈtɪʃu/

      UK /ˈtɪʃu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
      • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
      A2
      More
    • trigger

      US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/

      UK /'trɪɡə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
      • Device that starts a process
      • Transitive Verb
      • To start a process off e.g. a memory
      • To cause something to begin or happen.
      B1
      More
    • wipe

      US /waɪp/

      UK /waɪp/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To clean or dry something with a cloth
      • To spread a liquid on something
      • Noun
      • Act to clean or dry something with a cloth
      A2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #immune#immune system#autoimmune#body#system#disease

    When Your Body Attacks Itself – Autoimmune

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2025/07/17
    Ever wondered why your own body might attack itself? This awesome animated explainer dives into the fascinating world of autoimmunity, using cool visual metaphors to break down complex science like the immune system and diseases like Type 1 diabetes. You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary and get a deeper understanding of how our bodies work – it's perfect for science enthusiasts looking to boost their English!

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