Vocabulary

• have to: Must do
• inside of: Within; in the inner part of.
• over time: Gradually; as time passes.
• same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
• as opposed to: In contrast to; rather than.
• based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
• look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
• in the wind: Something likely to happen or be revealed soon.
• down under: A colloquial term for Australia and New Zealand.
• outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
• at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
• in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
• in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
• on the other side of: Located across something from a given point.
• know about: To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
• in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
• work on: To devote effort to improve or develop something
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• above ground: Located on or higher than the earth's surface.
• deal with
• reinforced concrete: Concrete in which metal bars or mesh are embedded to increase its tensile strength.
• cut out: To leave out of something, e.g. a social event
• civil engineer: An engineer who designs and maintains public works, such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.
• on average: Typically; usually; based on an average calculation.
• go out: To leave a building (e.g. a house)
• in the ground: Located within or beneath the surface of the earth.
• out there: In or to a place that is far away
• jam up: To become stuck or blocked, preventing movement or function.
• shout out: A public expression of greeting or praise.
• such as: For example; like
• float away: To drift or move gently away on water or in the air.
• switch up: To change or alternate something.
• for the present: For now; temporarily or at this time.
• in need: Not having the necessary things, such as food
• sink in: (Of an idea) to slowly be understood or felt
• bring in: To earn a certain amount of money or profits
• rule out: To eliminate as a possibility; exclude.
• to do with: To be about something; concern
• in terms of
• come back: To reply to someone, often forcefully
• in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
• for certain: Definitely; without a doubt.
• literally: In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
• significant: Large enough to be noticed or have an effect
• constant: Happening frequently or without pause
• basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
• experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
• force: Group of persons trained for military action; army
• reinforce: To send more troops/resources to support an army
• strength: Condition of being strong
• represent: To depict art objects, figures, scenes; to portray
• amount: Quantity of something
• concrete: Hard building material made of cement, sand, water
• bond: Rope, chain or other thing used to tie someone up
• collapse: To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
• direction: When someone tells people what to do
• refer: To talk about or write about something
• section: A part of a whole
• pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
• create: To make, cause, or bring into existence
• sink: To push something down into the ground
• counteract: To reduce the impact doing something opposite
• ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
• oxygen: A gas in the air that we need to breathe
• wanna: Shortened form of 'want to'. Used only in speaking
• urban: Concerning a city; located in a city
• civil: Of citizens of a country; not military, criminal
• expose: To make visible, without covering or protection
• narrow: Not wide; short from one side to the other
• bear: To accept (responsibilities or duties)
• cement: Building material made from gray powder, water
• square: Shape with 4 equal length sides and 4 equal angles
• additional: Further or added
• desert: To leave a place for ever; abandon
• lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
• place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
• fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
• skyscraper: Very tall building with many stories
• vertical: (Of a line, etc.) going up and down; not horizontal
• build: Your physical shape; physique
• makeshift: That only serves as something temporarily
• support: To give assistance or advice to someone
• transportation: Act of moving people or goods between places
• deck: Floor built into a ship, bus, plane or home
• point: An item to be discussed
• pull: Act of breathing in smoke, as from a pipe
• sway: Power or influence to control a person or group
• tunnel: Passage under the ground, often for cars or trains
• footprint: Mark left by a foot of an animal or human
• pollution: Dangerous substances released into an environment
• wind: A current of air moving approximately horizontally, especially one strong enough to be felt
• bore: To accept (responsibilities or duties)
• residential: Concerning patients staying in a hospital
• elevate: To make something higher
• cable: To transmit a message over a wire
• suspension: Liquid in which fine particles are suspended
• optimum: Best or most desirable, effective
• compression: Act of reducing something in time, size, quantity
• underscore: To highlight or stress