after all
US /ˈæftɚ ɔl/
UK /ˈɑ:ftə ɔ:l/
- Adverb
- In spite of what was expected; used to introduce a statement that supports a previous statement or explains why it was made
- Considering everything; used to indicate that something is happening or is true despite some difficulty or obstacle
- Phrase
- Despite what was expected or thought; in spite of everything.
- Taking everything into consideration; considering that.
B1Moreancient
US /ˈenʃənt/
UK /'eɪnʃənt/
- Adjective
- Very old; having lived a very long time ago
- Relating to a period in history, especially in the distant past.
- Noun
- A person who lived in ancient times.
A2Moreat a price
US
UK
- Phrase
- Achieved but with negative consequences or a significant cost.
- Available to be bought.
A1Morebacterial
US /bæk'tɪərɪrl/
UK /bæk'tɪərɪəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning or caused by bacteria
B2Morebacterium
US /bækˈtɪriəm/
UK /bæk'tɪərɪəm/
- Countable Noun
- The very small creatures that can cause disease
B2Morebatch
US /bætʃ/
UK /bætʃ/
- Countable Noun
- Amount of something that is produced at one time
- A group of things made or done together
- Transitive Verb
- To combine or arrange together into a group
B2Morebiological
US /ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/
UK /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being related to life and living things
- A substance, such as a detergent, that contains enzymes.
B1Moreblame
US /blem/
UK /bleɪm/
- Transitive Verb
- To say someone is responsible for something bad
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of saying someone did something bad
A2TOEICMorecaptivate
US /ˈkæptəˌvet/
UK /'kæptɪveɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To catch and hold someone's interest; charm
C2Morecapture
US /ˈkæptʃɚ/
UK /'kæptʃə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
- To record, tape, or film something
- Noun
- The act of seizing or taking control of something.
B1Moreconcept
US /ˈkɑnˌsɛpt/
UK /'kɒnsept/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Abstract idea of something or how it works
- A plan or intention; a conception.
A2TOEICMoreconstant presence
US
UK
- Phrase
- A state of being continually present.
- A consistent and influential presence.
cortical
US /'kɔ:tɪkl/
UK /'kɔ:tɪkl/
- Adjective
- Tech concerning the brain's cortex
C2Morecrowd
US /kraʊd/
UK /kraʊd/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To force too many things, people into
- (Lots of people) to meet together in one place
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Large group of people together in one place
A2Moredisease
US /dɪˈziz/
UK /dɪˈzi:z/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
- Transitive Verb
- To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
A2TOEICMoredismay
US /dɪsˈme/
UK /dɪs'meɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To shock and discourage
B2Morediverse
US /dɪˈvɚs, daɪ-, ˈdaɪˌvɚs/
UK /daɪˈvɜ:s/
- Adjective
- Being varied or different from each other
- Very different from each other
B1TOEICMoreentangle
US /ɛnˈtæŋɡəl/
UK /ɪnˈtæŋgl/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To involve in troubles that are hard to escape
- (Of rope, string) to be tied in a way hard to undo
B2TOEICMoreestablish
US /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/
UK /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/
- Transitive Verb
- To set or create something to last for a long time
- To use facts, evidence to show truth or clarity
A2TOEICMoreeventually
US /ɪˈvɛntʃuəli/
UK /ɪˈventʃuəli/
- Adverb
- After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
- At some later time; in the future
A2Moreevolve
US /ɪˈvɑlv/
UK /ɪ'vɒlv/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To develop certain features
- To develop or change slowly over time
B1Moreexpand
US /ɪkˈspænd/
UK /ɪk'spænd/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make something larger in size, number, amount
A2TOEICMorefame
US /fem/
UK /feɪm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- (Person, thing) being well-known by many people
- Widespread reputation, especially of a good kind.
B1TOEICMorefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
fuel
US /ˈfjuəl/
UK /'fju:əl/
- Transitive Verb
- To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
- To provide gas or petrol for something
- Uncountable Noun
- Material used to produce heat or power when burned
A2TOEICMorefunction
US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/
UK /'fʌŋkʃn/
- Noun
- Social event, or party such as a wedding
- Mathematical operation used in calculations
- Intransitive Verb
- To serve a certain purpose or role
- To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
A2TOEICMorein the world
US /ɪn ði wɜrld/
UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
- Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense
A1Moreindispensable
US /ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/
UK /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/
- Adjective
- Being essential and hard to live without
B1Moreinfamous
US /ˈɪnfəməs/
UK /'ɪnfəməs/
- Adjective
- Famous because of something bad
B2Moreinflux
US /ˈɪnˌflʌks/
UK /ˈɪnflʌks/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sudden arrival of many people or things
- The flowing in of a river or stream.
B2TOEICMoreinvasive
US /ɪnˈvesɪv/
UK /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/
- Adjective
- Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way
- Tending to spread aggressively; intrusive.
C1Morelab
US /læb/
UK /læb/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Short for 'laboratory'
B1Morelike new
US /laɪk nu/
UK /laɪk nju:/
- other
- In very good, almost perfect condition as if unused.
A2Moremakeshift
US /ˈmekˌʃɪft/
UK /ˈmeɪkʃɪft/
- Adjective
- That only serves as something temporarily
- Noun
- A temporary substitute.
B2TOEICMoremercy
US /ˈmɚsi/
UK /'mɜ:sɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Kind instead of harsh treatment of someone
B1Morenotoriety
US /ˌnoʊtəˈraɪəti/
UK /ˌnəʊtəˈraɪəti/
- Uncountable Noun
- the state of being famous for being bad in some way
C1Moreplague
US /pleɡ/
UK /pleɪɡ/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause to have continual problems with something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- (Deadly) disease passing rapidly between people
- An unusually large number of insects or animals infesting a place and causing damage.
B1Morerat race
US /ræt res/
UK /ræt reis/
- Noun
- A way of life in which people are caught up in a fiercely competitive struggle for wealth or power.
- A strenuous, wearisome, and usually competitive activity or routine.
A2Moreresearch
US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/
UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Study done to discover new ideas and facts
- A particular area or topic of study.
A2TOEICMorereverence
US /ˈrɛvərəns/
UK /ˈrevərəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Feeling or showing of great respect and loyalty
B2Morerid
US /rɪd/
UK /rɪd/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)
- Adjective
- Freed or delivered from something.
A2Morerodent
US /ˈroʊdnt/
UK /ˈrəʊdnt/
- Noun
- Animal that gnaws/bites, e.g. rat, mouse, rabbit
B2Moreroughly
US /ˈrʌflɪ/
UK /ˈrʌfli/
- Adverb
- Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
- In a manner that is violent or not careful
B1Moresash
US /sæʃ/
UK /sæʃ/
- Noun
- Long wide piece of cloth worn around waist
C1TOEICMorescientific
US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
UK /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning academic study of the physical world
- Systematic and precise, following a methodology.
- Noun
- Relating to or used in science.
A2Moreshowman
US /ˈʃoʊmən/
UK /ˈʃəʊmən/
- Noun
- Person skilled at making effective presentations
C2Moresneak
US /snik/
UK /sni:k/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To move around in a way so no one will see you
- To take something somewhere/give secretly
- Intransitive Verb
- To move around in such a way no one will see you
B2Morespot
US /spɑt/
UK /spɒt/
- Noun
- A certain place or area
- A difficult time; awkward situation
- Transitive Verb
- To see someone or something by chance
A2TOEICMorespread
US /sprɛd/
UK /spred/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- The distance between two things
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To place over a large area; to cover a large area
- (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
A2TOEICMorestrain
US /stren/
UK /streɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To remove the water from (food) using a colander
- To injure a muscle, leg etc. by using it too much
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Injury to a muscle, leg etc. through overuse
- Type or variation of a disease or bacillus
B2Moreswarm
US /swɔrm/
UK /swɔ:m/
- Countable Noun
- Large group of flying insects moving together
- (Of people) large group of people acting as one
- Intransitive Verb
- (Of bees) to form a group and leave the bee hive
- (Of people) to form a crowd and move together
B1Moretag
US /tæɡ/
UK /tæɡ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Child's game in which one person chases the others
- A name or label on something or someone
- Transitive Verb
- To apply a name or label to something or someone
- To touch someone you are chasing in a game
B1Morethrive
US /θraɪv/
UK /θraɪv/
- Intransitive Verb
- To be or become healthy or successful
- To grow or develop well; to flourish.
B2TOEICMoretransmit
US /trænsˈmɪt, trænz-/
UK /trænsˈmɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
- To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
B1Moreturn in
US /tɚn ɪn/
UK /tə:n in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To produce or achieve a good performance
- To go to bed
A1Moreurine
US /ˈjʊrən/
UK /ˈjʊərɪn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Yellow liquid waste from the body
C1Moreventure
US /ˈvɛntʃɚ/
UK /'ventʃə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- (Business) activity involving calculated risks
- A risky or daring journey or undertaking.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To risk something, such as money
- To face the dangers, take the risk of something
B1TOEICMorewarrant
US /ˈwɔ:rənt/
UK /ˈwɒrənt/
- Noun
- Official authorization for some action or decision
- Transitive Verb
- To guarantee or legally swear something
B1TOEICMorewith just
US
UK
- Phrase
- Using only; with no more than.
- Barely; by a narrow margin.
A2More
Vocabulary
- with just: Using only; with no more than.
- constant presence: A state of being continually present.
- after all: In spite of what was expected; used to introduce a statement that supports a previous statement or explains why it was made
- rat race: A way of life in which people are caught up in a fiercely competitive struggle for wealth or power.
- turn in: To produce or achieve a good performance
- for example: As an illustration or instance.
- in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
- at a price: Achieved but with negative consequences or a significant cost.
- like new: In very good, almost perfect condition as if unused.
- eventually: After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
- thrive: To be or become healthy or successful
- concept: Abstract idea of something or how it works
- ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
- evolve: To develop certain features
- spot: A certain place or area
- strain: To remove the water from (food) using a colander
- rid: To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)
- disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
- roughly: Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
- research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
- spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- sneak: To move around in a way so no one will see you
- diverse: Being varied or different from each other
- blame: To say someone is responsible for something bad
- fuel: To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
- establish: To set or create something to last for a long time
- function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
- crowd: To force too many things, people into
- venture: (Business) activity involving calculated risks
- explain: To make clear or easy to understand by describing
- plague: To cause to have continual problems with something
- expand: To make something larger in size, number, amount
- scientific: Concerning academic study of the physical world
- capture: To attract and hold e.g. interest, attention
- urine: Yellow liquid waste from the body
- infamous: Famous because of something bad
- influx: Sudden arrival of many people or things
- fame: (Person, thing) being well-known by many people
- shape: The outer form of something, what it looks like
- receive: To get something someone has given or sent to you
- mercy: Kind instead of harsh treatment of someone
- biological: Being related to life and living things
- invasive: Entering the body, etc. in a destructive way
- indispensable: Being essential and hard to live without
- batch: Amount of something that is produced at one time
- makeshift: That only serves as something temporarily
- rodent: Animal that gnaws/bites, e.g. rat, mouse, rabbit
- bring: To take or go with someone to a place
- rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
- transmit: To broadcast by using signals to a radio/TV
- neuroscience: Scientific study of the nervous system
- reverence: Feeling or showing of great respect and loyalty
- swarm: Large group of flying insects moving together
- zodiac: A belt-shaped region in the heavens on either side to the ecliptic; divided into constellations or signs for astrological purposes
- warrant: Official authorization for some action or decision
- captivate: To catch and hold someone's interest; charm
- carry: To have a child, be pregnant
- bacterium: The very small creatures that can cause disease
- human: A person; a man, woman or child
- tag: Child's game in which one person chases the others
- notoriety: the state of being famous for being bad in some way
- lab: Short for 'laboratory'
- warm: To become more friendly or to like something
- ship: Large boat
- dismay: To shock and discourage
- foot: Base of something such as a mountain or vase
- large: Big; of great size; broad, tall, wide, or fat
- top: To be higher or larger than a specific value
- egypt: A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from to BC
- bacterial: Concerning or caused by bacteria
- cortical: Tech concerning the brain's cortex
- entangle: To involve in troubles that are hard to escape
- sash: Long wide piece of cloth worn around waist
- showman: Person skilled at making effective presentations
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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Aiden Lo posted on 2025/02/03Ever wondered how rats shaped our world, from the Black Death to modern labs? This fascinating video dives into the surprising history of rats, exploring their impact on everything from Victorian London to invasive species. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary and gain a deeper cultural understanding of our complex relationship with these creatures!
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