The Ad Hominem Fallacy occurs when someone  attacks their opponent's character or  

personal traits instead of engaging with  the actual argument being presented. 

This tactic is used to undermine the opponent's  position by discrediting them personally,  

rather than addressing the substance of their  argument. The aim is to divert attention from  

the argument to the individual, making their  argument seem less credible or convincing. 

Everyday Example: In a discussion about  

health policy, Person A argues, "We should  have universal healthcare because it leads  

to better overall health outcomes." Person B responds, "You just support  

universal healthcare because you're a  socialist who hates free enterprise." 

Here, Person B is committing an ad hominem fallacy  by attacking Person A's political ideology rather  

than presenting the actual argument against  universal healthcare to support his refutation.