You haven't too, what the hell?

I have until five p.m. Until until he leaves.

What the hell is this worm thing?

He is five oh shoot.

Yeah it's close.

Hi guys, James and David.

Um Yeah Mr E.

He says I have until five p.m. That means that's the deadline.

Now he didn't say the word by and there was a reason for that and that's what today's lesson is about by and until these are both prepositions of time.

So that makes them similar.

But they are very very different in how we apply them and what they mean.

Today I'm gonna help you with this because many students have difficulty with it and we're gonna do a little bit of a spelling check and see how well, you know, some of these words are you ready?

Let's go to the board.

So until as I said, this is called a Venn diagram by the way.

And what that means is there are two different objects but there's a place in which they intersect.

That means they come together where they have something similar and then there are parts that are very different.

So when you use a Venn diagram it's very useful because it helps you figure out what's the same and what's not the same.

So what's the same?

They are both prepositions of time until and by there are other meanings for, you know by which we'll touch on.

But this is what we want to know for this particular subject.

So let's start with until until means you have a period of time to do something and then you have to stop.

That means you start now and this period of time continues from this moment on but then it stops.

Okay now until can also be seen in two other forms.

Sometimes you see till like this T.

I.

L.

L.

This is the informal version of until it is a word by itself.

So don't get confused and think.

But they look very different.

No no this is a word till and it means the same as until.

Okay.

Two separate words.

Cool.

Next the next one we have is up till you know what's that?

I thought that now this is the short version of until.

This is for sure until I get this right?

Let me start again.

This is the short version of until you can see it's T I L.

T I L.

And the apostrophe tells us that the beginning part is missing.

So this means up till now this is talking remember I said that you continue until a period you stop.

This is talking about just the final time.

You have up till five o'clock that's the final time.

When you say until we're talking about now.

Until this time the continuation.

Cool.

So that's what until means.

So we're looking at a period of time that continues and you must stop.

Why is this different from by?

Well by isn't talking about a continuation.

It's just saying period and then there's a future point sometime in the future.

That's when it's gonna end.

Okay so it will happen before a certain time or at a certain time in the future.

Cool.

So it's gonna happen at a certain time, like before the certain time or a certain time.

So that's the end point.

So you're here and it's not continuing, we're not talking about continuing going, it ends here.

This one continues this one just like jump to the future a certain time or or just before that time.

So it could end actually here but this is the end point.

They both have stops but we get there differently.

Cool.

Now you'll see this one here and I said by the time this means the same as by the only difference is we use this before a verb like by the time I get home get is the verb, by the time you finish dinner finishes the verb.

So we will use by the time before a verb otherwise means the same.

Are we?

Cool.

Now it would I mean I gave you an example I talked but why don't I give you some examples?

Because by looking at the examples side by side, you can see how they have a similar meaning, right?

They are prepositions of time but how we arrive and the actual meaning is a bit different and there's gonna be one that's a little bit tricky that we're gonna get to when I do the quiz later on.

So let's go.

So here you can see that I use all three versions of till until until until just so you can see how they work and how they work.

The exact same is just spelling.

Okay.

And this one does have a little bit of a different meaning but you'll see it here.

So first one I want to do is you have until May 13 to bring the book back.

And what I wanted to say was bring the book back to the library but I didn't have enough room.

So keep in your mind to bring back the book back to the library.

Okay, Now, how is it different when we say bye.

When we say bye, we say this, you must bring the book to the library by May 13th.

This is the final point in the future.

Okay, so in the future you want to go here.

Final point here you have until so we're starting today, whatever day this is.

But then you have from today until May 13th on this one we're saying you got the book, bring it back by this time.

We don't care how much time is here.

Endpoint.

Alright, next I will be up till 10 PM today.

Okay, I will be up till 10 PM today, this is the final time.

Right, so we're not it's much more similar in this case to buy than the rest of the until that's the final time we're talking about.

But there is that continuing continuation.

There is the continuation where what we're looking at is it maybe two o'clock now.

Three o'clock, but up till 10 p.m. So it's continuing.

Okay.

Final time is 10 p.m. Over here.

Remember I said some future point write that something's going to happen.

You look at the verb, we got will will these are future tenses, right?

We got them built right in.

I will be in bed by 10 p.m. Today.

That's the future tense.

There you go.

Right.

All right.

Now, let's go down this one.

I worked till 5:00 tomorrow.

That means I will be working and continue until five p.m. Here, it says I will be finished work by right.

That future point in time we got that will five o'clock tomorrow.

You will see the similarity how they're similar.

And the difference is this is only concerned mostly I should say with that future time, not the continuation.

While this one talks about that continuation.

Starting and continuing into the future.

Cool.

We know their propositions on time.

Both of them.

We know how they work.

I've given you examples how you would write similar statements and how they have to change because of how these work, but you know something.

I'm not sure if you got it.

So what I want you to do is follow me.

We'll do a quiz.

We'll see how learn how well you learn this.

You ready?

Hey And we're back.

Let's go to the board and do our quiz.

And we're gonna do our bonus and I'm gonna give you homework because that's how the class rolls.

Right?

So first question I wanna ask you is this I have to finish I have to finish my website something do first.

Would it be by or till what do you think?

Do you remember what we said about bike at some future period in time?

Right.

So by June one that's the future period of time.

It doesn't matter.

We're not talking about continuing.

You might not do any work until like May 30 or something?

I don't know.

Or May 25 but then you gotta get it done by June one.

So let's look at the second sentence.

I will be studying.

English dinner time.

I'm gonna give you a little bit of a hint here.

Remember we talked about what continuation I.

N.

G.

Is continuation.

Right?

Present continuous something is continuing.

So we're gonna say until that was easy.

If we look for an I.

N.

G.

We know that's probably going to be until yeah.

How about number three?

He's late.

I will wait something six p.m. then I'm leaving.

What do you think that will be?

Well remember we said will is future time.

So if we're talking about future time I'm gonna bet it up till and I want you to note the spelling because we talked about that before.

Remember up this is a shortened version of until.

So up till is the final time.

This is the final time.

six p.m. then I'm leaving.

Cool.

So what about # 4?

We have to leave something am if we want to catch the train, okay, we have to leave by because this time has started, maybe it's 10 PM at night we're talking but from this time we have until sorry, by this time by eight a.m. If we want to leave, so we have to leave by eight a.m. Right?

Cool.

It's not a continuation.

This is the former time in the future.

So the future time is eight a.m. So whatever we are here, eight a.m. Is in the future And now number five, I will be at the hospital Something five p.m. Now, this is a very very special one.

Okay, very special.

You're gonna figure it out in two seconds.

Pay attention.

Alright.

I will be at the hospital.

Which one of you guys said bye.

You're correct.

Which one of you guys said until you're correct?

What you got to be careful here because look at the sentence, I know this is the future.

But do you remember how we said bye until something continues and then it stops and then something is in the future time.

This type of sentence could be either one context driven.

So you have to actually know I will be at the hospital by five p.m. Means whatever time it is now in the future I will arrive there.

Okay so I'll be there by five p.m. Not before that time, I'm sorry I got stuff to do but at this future time I'll get there.

But I could also I will be at the hospital until five p.m. That means I'm here now, but at five p.m. I will leave the hospital.

So in a situation like this you've got to be very careful because we are both talking about the future but if the person is going to leave that we're gonna have to use until but if they're going to arrive we're gonna use by I know you didn't see that coming, did you?

You were like oh I know I know and I'm like hey I did explain things for a reason and they both kind of have a future kind of idea on them right up until sometime in the future then it stops or at a future point.

So if you're looking at something like I will be at if someone says I will be at work, It could be by or until depending on the context.

So be careful of the context and you'll know for sure.

Cool.

Alright so I'm glad that was good because some of you I know some of you guys were like 100% and you were like it's by and until because I was listening to what you said.

But even if you got this or this right, you're still correct.

It's just understand that it could be different depending on the context.

So you have to know is the person arriving or is the person leaving, and then you'll know the answer.

Right now, we have a couple more things because you know, I always give you a bonus and the first thing I want to talk is up until now, that means something has going very, very well up until now or something would be going very, very bad up until now because in this moment something has changed, right?

You've been very good to me.

Up until now that means you are good then you stopped, it's been bad weather up until now, so it's bad weather now, it's nice and sunny, okay till now, basically same right to this moment and up to this point in time, they all basically say the same thing, right?

These three are just another way of saying until, Okay, so you have 56 ways of saying it now, you're gonna look here and it looks like I made a mistake like what is this?

Well, sometimes even native speakers make a mistake with using by by or by do they know how to say it properly?

Of course they do, but I bet you if you want to have fun and do a little test, don't let them see this part and just say when you say b y what kind of grammar is that?

Most of them won't say preposition or by with an e.

Is an exclamation or by with a verb.

They'll probably say bye with a verb because although that one but it's good to keep in mind because if native speakers can make that mistake you can make that mistake.