Subtitles section Play video
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(empowering music)
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- [Narrator] Semiconductors,
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the foundation of data processing chips
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at the core of computing,
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are a critical component in everything
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from our appliances to cellphones,
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transportation systems, infrastructure,
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and even national defense systems.
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Transistors are a type of semiconductor.
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The more transistors on a chip,
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the more calculations it can perform
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using the same amount of power.
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The transistors are manufactured on silicon wafers
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which contain hundreds of individual chips,
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sort of like a high-tech cookie sheet.
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Four years ago, IBM created a revolutionary architecture
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designed to produce a chip
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with transistor components as small as five nanometers.
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Building on that breakthrough technology, this year,
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IBM has produced the world's first two nanometer chip.
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Its tiniest components are smaller than a strand of DNA.
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Designed and produced by IBM Research
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at its semiconductor research facility in Albany, New York,
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this wafer contains hundreds of chips
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the size of a fingernail,
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each with 50 billion two nanometer transistors.
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This technology is designed to help improve
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calculation speed or boost energy efficiency,
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depending on the job.
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Where speedy complex calculations are the goal,
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IBM's two nanometer design
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is projected to achieve 45% higher performance
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than today's seven nanometer chips.
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Or if energy efficiency is the priority,
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they are projected to use 75% less energy
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than seven nanometer chips.
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This breakthrough will help accelerate advancements
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in areas such as AI, 5G and 6G, edge computing,
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autonomous systems, and space exploration.
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The two nanometer chip continues IBM Research's legacy
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of contributions to semiconductor innovations.
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These include the first implementation
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of five nanometer and seven nanometer process technologies,
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single-cell DRAM, the Dennard scaling laws,
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chemically amplified photoresists, and many others.
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Now that IBM Research has made it possible,
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it shouldn't be too long before two nanometer technology
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becomes the industry standard.
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This kind of innovation from IBM Research
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has kept IBM's technology on the cutting edge
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from two nanometers chips,
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to platforms like IBM Power Systems and IBM Z,
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to quantum computing and beyond.