We're learning 105 words from the academic word  list, so these are words you'll need to know if  

you're preparing for the IELTS or TOEFL exam, but  also if you read or watch the news in English,  

or have conversation in English. These are  intermediate words, and we're going to study them  

in real situations so your understanding will  go beyond just memorizing a definition. So  

grab your friends, have them join you  in this challenge, and let's do this!  

As always, if you like this video  or you learned something new,  

please like and subscribe with notifications.  I'd love to have you as my student.

During these 30 days, we're learning 105  words together. I do have a download for you,  

a list of all the words with definitions and  sample sentences, as well as quizzes to make  

sure you're really getting and remembering these  words. You can get that download by following  

this link or the link in the video description.  Today, we're learning four new words,  

and we're looking at the different ways these  words are used in various real situations.  

For each word, you'll get the definition, we'll  go over the pronunciation, you'll get to see it  

up close and in slow motion, and then we'll also  go to Youglish for five examples from real life.

Our first word today is MAINTENANCE.

Maintenance. The pronunciation of this word is a  little tricky. That T is a stop T. Every once in  

a while, you might hear a true T. Maintenance. But  that's rare. It's much more common to hear a stop  

T in the pronunciation. Maintenance. And that's  what you'll hear in all of the examples here.  

Maintenance. Maint-- Stop of air. Maintenance.  We've got three N's, we make the first one,  

then we stop the air for the stop T.  Maint-- nn-- Then make the N again,  

you don't need to move your tongue, this is for  the second N, Maint-- nn-- Maint-- nn-- ance.  

Then just a quick down and up to  make your third N. Maintenance.

It's a noun, it means keeping  something in good condition,  

by making repairs or correcting problems. The  maintenance fees for my website are pretty low.  

Let's see this word again up close and  in slow motion. This is with the stop T.

And now, we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

And it has to last 20 years without maintenance.

When you or I go to the doctor for a  check-up, we don't go because we're sick.  

We go because it's a good idea. Our  doctor takes a look at our general health  

and gives us advice on how to stay healthy. This  is the idea of maintenance for a car, changing  

oil, checking the tires, replacing filters, that's  maintenance. This particular piece of machinery  

needs to be built to run without problems  with no need for maintenance for 20 years.

And it has to last 20 years without maintenance.

Here's another example.

I think the fact that some of your  

service and maintenance people don't  make a livable wage is shameful.

Service and maintenance people. He means  workers who repair mechanical equipment,  

buildings or machines. A livable wage means a  person should be able to live off of his salary.  

If he's working full-time, pay bills, buy food,  pay for housing, and transportation, and so on,  

this man is saying that these kinds  of workers at this organization  

are not making enough working full-time to  take care of all of these basic expenses.

I think the fact that some of your  

service and maintenance people don't  make a livable wage is shameful.

Let's see another example.

But I mean most of it is also  just like body maintenance,  

like maintaining your body in different ways.

Taking care of our bodies.  What does that look like?  

Healthy eating, exercising, getting enough sleep.  These are the basic parts of body maintenance.

But I mean most of it is also  just like body maintenance,  

like maintaining your body in different ways.

Let's look at another example.

Sidewalks that shift or settle over time make  the maintenance of accessible features important.

A city is expected to maintain or  take care of its public spaces.  

If a road gets damaged, the city has to fix it.  

If bumps show up on a sidewalk, it's the city's  job to repair it and smooth it out again.

Sidewalks that shift or settle, over time make the  maintenance of accessible features important.

Our last example.

They are a fairly high maintenance  part of airport and airline security.

Did you hear her use an adjective there before  maintenance? High-- high maintenance versus low  

maintenance. High maintenance requires more time,  more money, more work to keep up. Low maintenance  

requires less. An airport is definitely a  place that I would say is high maintenance,  

needing quite a bit of effort to keep it running  smoothly. These words can also be used for people.  

Someone who's high maintenance has a lot of  specific needs and needs a lot of attention.  

Someone who's low maintenance is laid back.  My four-year-old is pretty high maintenance,  

he doesn't like playing by himself very  much, he always wants me to play with him.

They are a fairly high maintenance  part of airport and airline security.

Our next word is RANGE. Range. It's a noun, and it  means a group of things or people that are usually  

similar in some way, or a series of numbers  that includes the highest and lowest possible  

amounts. We'll be covering a range of topics in  this class. The salary range is thirty to forty  

five thousand dollars. As a verb, it means to  include everything between specified limits.  

The peppers ranged from mild to spicy. Let's  see this again up close and in slow motion.

And now, we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

Our courses range anywhere from eight  days all the way up to 82 days in length.

Think about a course you've taken.  What's a typical range or length of time  

from start to finish? A semester in  the US is generally about 15 weeks.

Our courses range anywhere from eight  days all the way up to 82 days in length.

Here's another example.

Now, the range is anywhere from  you know, 43 down to 18 or 19.

Range is a very helpful word to use when  you're talking about data and graphs.  

He says that the values on the  Y-axis are 18 at the lowest point  

and 43 at the highest point. So the  full range there covers 25 units.

Now, the range is anywhere from  you know 43 down to 18 or 19.

Let's see another example.

We talked about a whole range of things.

A whole range of things. Lots of different  topics. When I chat with my brother, we discuss  

everything, from what we ate for dinner to  politics, to whatever books we're reading,  

what's going on at work, what we're planning  to do at Christmas, and so on. We cover it all,  

a whole range of subjects,  a wide range of subjects.

We talked about a whole range of things.

Let's look at another example.

Luckily for me, it was quite far away. But  

my colleague Philippe got to  see it at very close range.

This guy is telling a story about hiking  outside with a friend and subtly running  

into a mountain lion. In this case, close  range sounds like 20 to 50 feet away,  

maybe even closer. In other uses, close range  could mean one to six feet away, like with social  

distancing, we want to keep a range of at least  six feet away from others during the pandemic.

Luckily for me, it was quite far away but  

my colleague Philippe got to  see it at very close range.

Our last example.

And these letters range from heartbreak and  loss, just spats with parents or siblings.

This woman studies difficult relationships.  People have sent her letters and emails about  

all kinds of hard situations that they've been  through. Heartbreak and loss mean sad stories.  

Spats means stories about fights and arguments.  The stories cover a range of challenges.

And these letters range from heartbreak and  loss. Just spats with parents or siblings.

Our next word is ADMINISTRATION.

This is a five syllable word with stress on  the fourth syllable. We have secondary stress  

on the second syllable, but in general, you  can feel that as unstressed. Administration.  

Administration. Administration. It's a noun,  and it means the activities or group of people  

that relate to running a company,  school, or other organization.  

My dad works in hospital administration. This  means he's not a doctor, he works in the offices  

of the people who run the hospital. Let's  see this again up close and in slow motion.

And now we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

He found a man who taught  him database administration.

A database administrator uses specialized  software to store and organize  

lots and lots of information. This  person works mostly behind the  

scenes to keep the information  easy to access and up to date.

He found a man who taught  him database administration.

Here's another example.

I was given the leeway to work with those  funds, and convince the legislature and the  

administration that most of that  money should go into health care.

Here, administration means a group of  people in charge of making decisions about  

how government works. For example, the Trump  administration, the Biden administration.  

These are the people that a president  selects to put laws and plans into action.  

The word 'leeway' means freedom  to make choices. So in this case,  

a person had the freedom to convince those in  charge that this money should go to health care.

I was given the leeway to work with those  funds, and convince the legislature and the  

administration that most of that  money should go into health care.

Let's see another example.

There were a lot of different challenges and  

issues. There were different ideas  of management of administration.

Do you like group work or group decision  making? Generally, the more people there  

are who have to make a decision, the  harder it is to reach an agreement.

There were a lot of different  challenges and issues.  

There were different ideas of  management of administration.

Let's look at another example.

And today, it's the Dallas  County administration building.

Have you ever been to your city's  courthouse or administration building?  

This one in Dallas, Texas has city  government offices that is the offices  

of the people who run the city on the first  five floors and a museum on the top floor.

And today it's the Dallas  County administration building.

Our last example.

How many years were you in the administration?

He wants to know how long someone worked in  administration. That kind of work includes  

preparing budgets, policies, contracts,  managing employees, lots of leadership  

tasks fall under the umbrella of administration.  So it's the support work of the organization.

How many years were you in the administration?

Our last word today is RESTRICTED.

The T here is very weak, don't put much air in it.

Restricted. Tt-- It shouldn't be like that,  in fact, it can be so weak that it might sound  

like a D. Restricted. It's an adjective, it means  having a set limit, having definite rules about  

what or who is allowed, and not allowed. During  Covid-19, the number of people allowed in the  

restaurant at one time is restricted to 15.  Let's look again up close and in slow motion.

And now we'll go to Youglish to see  five examples of this word in context.

What was once a behavior restricted to the  schoolyard and neighborhood, has now gone viral.

She's talking about bullying. A bully  is someone who frightens, hurts,  

or threatens someone smaller or weaker. Before  social media, bullying happened in person at  

school, or outside in public. It only happened in  certain places. Now, bullying happens online too.

What was once a behavior restricted to the  school yard and neighborhood, has now gone viral.

Here's another example.

Their ability to dream and aspire has  just been confined and restricted.

Her talk is about young people who grew  up in poor areas of big cities. She says  

they can't work towards their dreams  easily because they're restricted.  

Something is holding them back or standing  in their way. Maybe it's a lack of money,  

a lack of good education, a lack  of a stable community, and so on.

Their ability to dream and aspire has  just been confined and restricted.

Let's see another example.

That's actually pretty common on  very calorie restricted diets.

One way to lose weight is to eat fewer calories.  She uses a noun here to describe the kind of  

restrictions. A calorie-restricted diet.  You might also try a carb-restricted diet,  

or dairy restricted diet. It means you're eating  less or none of those things, of carbs, of dairy.

That's actually pretty common on  very calorie restricted diets.

Let's look at another example.

It really restricted his time.

One thing that's restricted my time this year  is having my kids home all day, every day,  

during the pandemic. They need my attention,  but my work also requires my attention.  

Can you think of something that's  restricted or limited your time lately?

It really restricted his time.

Our last example.

And this epidemic is not  restricted to the US alone.

Not restricted. Meaning it's not  happening just here. The epidemic,  

or widespread disease, is showing up in  other countries around the world too.

And this epidemic is not  restricted to the US alone.

Seeing their real-life examples can really help  you understand how to use these words, can't it?  

I have a challenge for you now. Make  up a sentence with one of these words,  

make a video of yourself saying it

and post it to social media, tag me, and use  the hashtag #rachelsenglish30daychallenge

Don't be shy, you can do this. Our next video  comes out tomorrow at 10AM Philadelphia time, come