Vocabulary

• in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
• in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
• to do with: To be about something; concern
• on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
• falling apart: To suffer a nervous breakdown
• as much a: To the same degree or extent.
• used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
• with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
• inevitable: That must happen; certain to happen
• trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
• debate: General public discussion of a topic
• vast: Being very large in size or amount
• barely: Only just; just possible
• climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
• contribute: To be a factor in causing something to happen
• continent: Very large piece of land, e.g. Africa or Asia
• shift: To change in position or direction
• portion: Serving of food that is intended for one person
• chunk: A large bit of something; thick lump
• collapse: To fold (e.g. a stroller) down to make it smaller
• affect: To cause a change in something else
• momentum: Speed or force that is gained when something moves
• remain: To be left behind; to continue to exist
• catastrophe: Very bad disaster causing much suffering, etc.
• cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
• raise: To increase a bet above another when playing cards
• challenge: An activity you wish to try that may be hard to do
• result: Something produced through tests or experiments
• undermine: To weaken or destroy secretly and usually slowly
• ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
• accelerate: To cause to occur earlier than expected
• fall: Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
• retreat: Act of a force moving back from a winning enemy
• slice: Way of hitting the ball so the ball curves
• detect: To discover or identify the presence of something
• stall: Walled area in a barn where a farm animal is kept
• horizon: Line where the earth or sea meets the sky
• increasingly: More and more; in greater degree or amount
• rapid: Moving or happening very quickly
• lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
• century: Period of 100 years
• important: Having power or authority
• uncertainty: Feeling of not really knowing what will happen
• mighty: Having great strength or great size
• antarctica: An extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle; covered by an ice cap up to , feet deep
• melt: To disappear or to go away
• middle: Place that is halfway between two things
• rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
• change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
• float: To sell the shares of a company publicly
• land: Region or country
• possibly: May be true or likely, but is uncertain
• cavity: Hole or empty space, especially in a tooth
• treacherous: Dangerously unstable and unpredictable
• continuously: Without stops, breaks, or an end
• slope: Angle of a decline, e.g. where a road dips down
• rugged: (Of mountains) rough and uneven; hard to climb
• problem: Something difficult to deal with or causes trouble
• underway: Happening now
• clear: Empty; without anything in it or on it
• downhill: From higher ground to lower ground
• makeup: Substance put on the face to make you look pretty
• greenhouse: Greenhouse gas that makes the Earth get warmer
• warm: To become more friendly or to like something
• bedrock: Fundamental idea underlying a concept