The concept of AI, it's something that I think we're all familiar with

Thanks to numerous amount of TV shows, movies and novels

For me, personally I find this to be sort of a tired

concept at this point. You've just seen it so many times in sci-fi.

And especially the idea that AI is going to take over.

We've seen in it "Terminator"

But I've also seen this in some of my favorite work of fiction like "A Space Odyssey"

"Open the pod bay doors, HAL."

"I'm sorry Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that."

Some of my favorite novels like, "I Have No Mouth And I Must Scream". Don't get me wrong.

I find it a very interesting concept, even though it's overused, but

when Stephen Hawking, in 2014 came out and said,

"But I think the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race,"

My mind sort of went "Pfft, Stephen Hawkins, what do you know about anything? Okay?"

"Do you watch Rick and Morty? Because, I do,

and I think I have a little better grasp of the universe concept ideas, like AI.

Thank you very much, Stephen.

But, uh, stick to your science stuff, all right?"

The concept of AI taking over... It feels so far off, because it seems so... obscure.

The way, it's portrayed in Hollywood movies or in the work of fiction.

But in reality, it's actually...

I think, or from what I've learned, an actual threat.

The idea that Johnny Depp could come back and kill us all, is not as far away as we think.

*scenes from the movie "Transcendence"*

But how did we come to this conclusion?

I'm going to try to explain, okay?

But I truly don't know shit what I'm talking about, so please...

If we take it back a couple steps, a lot of couple steps, uh...

There's this game of tic-tac-toe, that I found.

That, no matter what input you make, the computer will never let you win.

It's kind of fucking annoying.

It's programmed with algorithms,

So that, no matter what move I make,

it knows exactly what move to counter it to make sure that I can't win, no matter what.

Not a big deal, not a big deal. Okay?

In 1958, A.H. Simon and Allen Newell, AI experts...

But, what if you take a more complex game than tic-tac-toe?

Say... chess for example?

There's a lot more possible outcomes in that game.

Foresaw, that within ten years,

a digital computer will beat the world's best chess champion.

Now, it didn't take ten years. Not until 1997.

You may have heard of this.

It was quite the big deal at the time.

Deep Blue became the first computer that was able to beat the reigning chess champion at the time, Kasparov.

"But it's clear that the computer will reliably do what he himself would do,

and he recognizes, that he has already lost.

On Deep Blue's 19th move, the champion resigns."

Now, it still doesn't seem like that big of a deal,

and basically the way Deep Blue worked was,

that it would scan

every single possible outcome it could make,

about 200,000 per second.

And it would make the best decision

based on what he could find through this method of scanning.

At this point, I'm still like Stephen Hawking ...

I've seen the videos of the machines falling over, okay?

I think we have nothing to worry about.

But here's where I think it gets interesting.

In March 15, 2016,

The champion of the Chinese board game "go",

was beaten by an AI.

"Against AlphaGo,

the artificial intelligence, designed by Google's DeepMind.

It was a resounding loss. They had won only one game.

'AlphaGo wins! We landed it on the moon. So proud of the team! Respect to the amazing Lee Sedol too.' "

Now, the reason why this is such a big deal is that

in chess, you only have so many options.

But in go,

there are so many different moves that you can make,

there are more possible moves that you can make than there are atoms in the universe

and there's just no way

that you're going to be able to compute that amount of options,

to figure out what's the best move to make.

So how did they make this?

It may not seem like that big of a deal, either?

But it's really cool. Okay? It's really cool.

It basically uses deep reinforcement learning.

Which is similar to how we learn as humans.

Through trial and error,

reward and punishment,

and raw inputs.

Say, if we see something ourselves,

the computer figure learns itself,

how to become good at the game.

Not too long ago,

there was a viral video of-

From SethBling, that uses method

to teach a computer to play Mario.

And it became really fucking good at it.

REALLY good at it.

Look at that.

Basically, it uses neural networks

to learn how to play the game.

Which is similar to how we think as human beings

And with enough computing power,

you could simulate a human brain, in this way.

But we're not there yet.

But it wasn't good from the beginning,

it had to learn how to get good.

GIT GUD.

In the beginning, it doesn't even know where it has to go

or what the option is

or what Mario is.

But eventually, it figures out it needs to move right,

but through different generations and learning

and from trial and error

and adapting from these mistakes,

It eventually, becomes better and better.

And the similar method was used for the AlphaGo.

Program where it would train against itself.

Slowly becoming better and better and better

and eventually a master at the game.

There's a super cool video,

about a robot that doesn't know

that it has limbs

But it teaches itself how to walk, despite of this.

So it's just doing random movements.

It sort of figures out it has four limbs.

But it doesn't know where those limbs on its body is attached.

And by trial and error,

it eventually figures out where its limbs are positioned.

And eventually,

it can very graciously move across.

That's cool.

Self learning AI is really fucking cool.

And there's a lot of advantages that you can do from this.

Using it in design, for example.

"This is a 3D printed cabin partition

that's been designed by a computer.

It's stronger than the original yet half the weight.

And it'll be flying in the Airbus A320, later this year.

So, computers can now generate, they can come up with their own solutions

to our well-defined problems."

So then, with Elon Musk as well as Stephen Hawking saying

AI could become a problem in the future,

that idea starts to sort of make more sense to me

knowing this is how it works.

"I think we should be very careful about artificial intelligence.

If I would guess at what our biggest existential threat is,

it's probably that."

Elon Musk as well as Bill Gates

chiming in as well, with the same idea.

But the basic point that Elon has made...

we have a general purpose learning the algorithm that evolution has endowed us with.

And it's running in an extremely slow computer.

Very limited memory size,

ability to send data to other computers we have to use this funny mouth thing here...

...whenever we build a new one it starts over, it doesn't know how to walk.

So believe me, as soon as this algorithm-

taking experience and turning it into knowledge-

Which is so amazing and which we have not done in software.

As soon as you do that, it's not clear you'll even know when you're just at the human level.

You'll be at the superhuman level almost as soon as that algorithm is implanted, in silicon.

Bill basically here, compares how our brains as a computer,

our method of evolving is very inefficient with-

comparing it to how AI would be evolving

and exponentially growing.

And knowing, keeping that in mind,

humans are inferior.

Without a doubt.

That being said,

not everyone is on board with this idea that AI is going to take over

or that it's a problem for the future.

"What are your thoughts on AI and how it could affect the world?

You know, I have pretty strong opinions on this.

I'm really optimistic. Well, I'm an optimistic person in general.

I think you can build things and the world gets better, but

with AI especially, I'm really optimistic.

And I think that people who are naysayers