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  • AI

  • The concept of AI, it's something that I think we're all familiar with

  • Thanks to numerous amount of TV shows, movies and novels

  • For me, personally I find this to be sort of a tired

  • concept at this point. You've just seen it so many times in sci-fi.

  • And especially the idea that AI is going to take over.

  • We've seen in it "Terminator"

  • But I've also seen this in some of my favorite work of fiction like "A Space Odyssey"

  • "Open the pod bay doors, HAL."

  • "I'm sorry Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that."

  • Some of my favorite novels like, "I Have No Mouth And I Must Scream". Don't get me wrong.

  • I find it a very interesting concept, even though it's overused, but

  • when Stephen Hawking, in 2014 came out and said,

  • "But I think the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race,"

  • My mind sort of went "Pfft, Stephen Hawkins, what do you know about anything? Okay?"

  • "Do you watch Rick and Morty? Because, I do,

  • and I think I have a little better grasp of the universe concept ideas, like AI.

  • Thank you very much, Stephen.

  • But, uh, stick to your science stuff, all right?"

  • The concept of AI taking over... It feels so far off, because it seems so... obscure.

  • The way, it's portrayed in Hollywood movies or in the work of fiction.

  • But in reality, it's actually...

  • I think, or from what I've learned, an actual threat.

  • The idea that Johnny Depp could come back and kill us all, is not as far away as we think.

  • *scenes from the movie "Transcendence"*

  • But how did we come to this conclusion?

  • I'm going to try to explain, okay?

  • But I truly don't know shit what I'm talking about, so please...

  • If we take it back a couple steps, a lot of couple steps, uh...

  • There's this game of tic-tac-toe, that I found.

  • That, no matter what input you make, the computer will never let you win.

  • It's kind of fucking annoying.

  • It's programmed with algorithms,

  • So that, no matter what move I make,

  • it knows exactly what move to counter it to make sure that I can't win, no matter what.

  • Not a big deal, not a big deal. Okay?

  • In 1958, A.H. Simon and Allen Newell, AI experts...

  • But, what if you take a more complex game than tic-tac-toe?

  • Say... chess for example?

  • There's a lot more possible outcomes in that game.

  • Foresaw, that within ten years,

  • a digital computer will beat the world's best chess champion.

  • Now, it didn't take ten years. Not until 1997.

  • You may have heard of this.

  • It was quite the big deal at the time.

  • Deep Blue became the first computer that was able to beat the reigning chess champion at the time, Kasparov.

  • "But it's clear that the computer will reliably do what he himself would do,

  • and he recognizes, that he has already lost.

  • On Deep Blue's 19th move, the champion resigns."

  • Now, it still doesn't seem like that big of a deal,

  • and basically the way Deep Blue worked was,

  • that it would scan

  • every single possible outcome it could make,

  • about 200,000 per second.

  • And it would make the best decision

  • based on what he could find through this method of scanning.

  • At this point, I'm still like Stephen Hawking ...

  • I've seen the videos of the machines falling over, okay?

  • I think we have nothing to worry about.

  • But here's where I think it gets interesting.

  • In March 15, 2016,

  • The champion of the Chinese board game "go",

  • was beaten by an AI.

  • "Against AlphaGo,

  • the artificial intelligence, designed by Google's DeepMind.

  • It was a resounding loss. They had won only one game.

  • 'AlphaGo wins! We landed it on the moon. So proud of the team! Respect to the amazing Lee Sedol too.' "

  • Now, the reason why this is such a big deal is that

  • in chess, you only have so many options.

  • But in go,

  • there are so many different moves that you can make,

  • there are more possible moves that you can make than there are atoms in the universe

  • and there's just no way

  • that you're going to be able to compute that amount of options,

  • to figure out what's the best move to make.

  • So how did they make this?

  • It may not seem like that big of a deal, either?

  • But it's really cool. Okay? It's really cool.

  • It basically uses deep reinforcement learning.

  • Which is similar to how we learn as humans.

  • Through trial and error,

  • reward and punishment,

  • and raw inputs.

  • Say, if we see something ourselves,

  • the computer figure learns itself,

  • how to become good at the game.

  • Not too long ago,

  • there was a viral video of-

  • From SethBling, that uses method

  • to teach a computer to play Mario.

  • And it became really fucking good at it.

  • REALLY good at it.

  • Look at that.

  • Basically, it uses neural networks

  • to learn how to play the game.

  • Which is similar to how we think as human beings

  • And with enough computing power,

  • you could simulate a human brain, in this way.

  • But we're not there yet.

  • But it wasn't good from the beginning,

  • it had to learn how to get good.

  • GIT GUD.

  • In the beginning, it doesn't even know where it has to go

  • or what the option is

  • or what Mario is.

  • But eventually, it figures out it needs to move right,

  • but through different generations and learning

  • and from trial and error

  • and adapting from these mistakes,

  • It eventually, becomes better and better.

  • And the similar method was used for the AlphaGo.

  • Program where it would train against itself.

  • Slowly becoming better and better and better

  • and eventually a master at the game.

  • There's a super cool video,

  • about a robot that doesn't know

  • that it has limbs

  • But it teaches itself how to walk, despite of this.

  • So it's just doing random movements.

  • It sort of figures out it has four limbs.

  • But it doesn't know where those limbs on its body is attached.

  • And by trial and error,

  • it eventually figures out where its limbs are positioned.

  • And eventually,

  • it can very graciously move across.

  • That's cool.

  • Self learning AI is really fucking cool.

  • And there's a lot of advantages that you can do from this.

  • Using it in design, for example.

  • "This is a 3D printed cabin partition

  • that's been designed by a computer.

  • It's stronger than the original yet half the weight.

  • And it'll be flying in the Airbus A320, later this year.

  • So, computers can now generate, they can come up with their own solutions

  • to our well-defined problems."

  • So then, with Elon Musk as well as Stephen Hawking saying

  • AI could become a problem in the future,

  • that idea starts to sort of make more sense to me

  • knowing this is how it works.

  • "I think we should be very careful about artificial intelligence.

  • If I would guess at what our biggest existential threat is,

  • it's probably that."

  • Elon Musk as well as Bill Gates

  • chiming in as well, with the same idea.

  • But the basic point that Elon has made...

  • we have a general purpose learning the algorithm that evolution has endowed us with.

  • And it's running in an extremely slow computer.

  • Very limited memory size,

  • ability to send data to other computers we have to use this funny mouth thing here...

  • ...whenever we build a new one it starts over, it doesn't know how to walk.

  • So believe me, as soon as this algorithm-

  • taking experience and turning it into knowledge-

  • Which is so amazing and which we have not done in software.

  • As soon as you do that, it's not clear you'll even know when you're just at the human level.

  • You'll be at the superhuman level almost as soon as that algorithm is implanted, in silicon.

  • Bill basically here, compares how our brains as a computer,

  • our method of evolving is very inefficient with-

  • comparing it to how AI would be evolving

  • and exponentially growing.

  • And knowing, keeping that in mind,

  • humans are inferior.

  • Without a doubt.

  • That being said,

  • not everyone is on board with this idea that AI is going to take over

  • or that it's a problem for the future.

  • "What are your thoughts on AI and how it could affect the world?

  • You know, I have pretty strong opinions on this.

  • I'm really optimistic. Well, I'm an optimistic person in general.

  • I think you can build things and the world gets better, but

  • with AI especially, I'm really optimistic.

  • And I think that people who are naysayers

  • and kind of try to drum up these doomsday scenarios are...

  • I just I don't understand it. I think it's really negative and

  • in some ways, I actually think it's pretty irresponsible."

  • Elon Musk responding on Twitter:

  • "I've talked to Mark about this. His understanding of the subject is limited."

  • I love Mark Zuckerberg, obviously.

  • I love the 'zucc' more than anyone.

  • It's kind of hard to take him seriously on the subject.

  • Especially, since he clearly is trying to make an AI himself.

  • "Good morning Mark. It's Saturday. So you only have five meetings.

  • Room temperature is set to a cool, 68 degrees."

  • I guess what Mark is saying is,

  • AI can do a lot for us as humans, it can benefit us greatly.

  • And I think what Elon points out is that,

  • there are dangers involved with the development on this

  • and we need to be careful.

  • How can we protect ourselves from ourselves?

  • "We are an intelligent adversary.

  • We can anticipate threats and plan around them.

  • But, so could an super intelligent agent.

  • How confident could it be that

  • the AI couldn't find a bug.

  • Like, given that merely human hackers find bugs all the time.

  • I'd say, probably not very confident.

  • Like, disconnect the Internet cable to create an air gap.

  • But again, like merely human hackers routinely transgress air gaps,

  • using social engineering.

  • Like right now, as I speak,

  • I'm sure there is some employee out there somewhere,

  • who is being talked into handing out her account details

  • by somebody claiming to be from the IT Department.

  • We should not be confident in our ability

  • to keep a super intelligent genie locked up in its bottle forever.

  • I'm actually fairly optimistic that this problem can be solved.

  • Like, we wouldn't have to try

  • to write down the long list of everything we care about.

  • Or worse yet,

  • spell it out in some computer language, like C++ or Python like that.

  • That would be a task beyond hopeless.

  • Instead, we would create an AI,

  • that uses these intelligence to learn what we value.

  • And his motivation system is constructed in such a way,

  • that it is motivated to pursue our values or,

  • to perform actions that it predicts that we would have approved of."

  • Computers smarter than human beings is inevitable,

  • if you keep in mind how short we have even had technology

  • and our presence in the universe.

  • Now, whether AI will be something good

  • or destroy us all in the future,

  • that's just for us to find out.

  • Meanwhile, you're going to have to excuse me

  • because I have some Rick and Morty episodes to catch up on.

  • I hope this video was educational.

  • And I hope, I didn't say any wrong things.

  • Because I sure am no expert!

  • Thank you for leaving a like on this video, if you enjoyed. I really appreciate it.

  • Make sure to 'zuccscribe'.

  • And as always, squad fam out.

AI

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