Hello down and hello, everyone.

So what's our story?

Well, today we're looking at a potential breakthrough in a serious disease.

Wow.

Okay, let's hear more from this BBC News Report Scientists seeking a cure for the deadly Ebola virus have found that a clinical trials using a new type of treatment in the Democratic Republic of Congo have proved highly effective and heartbreaker.

The disease has killed at least 1800 people in the past year in the DRC.

Dr.

Anthony Fauci is one of the researchers who worked with the World Health Organization on the treatments.

He said they could be ready to roll out very soon.

So Ebola, the disease that has caused devastation to populations in Africa in particular over the last few years.

There has been an outbreak of Ebola in the last year in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and nearly 2000 people have died, so it's a serious disease There is some good news coming, though that is, there is a treatment that has been tested in the DRC and it's been proved highly effective.

So much so that it could be ready to launch this treatment very soon.

Wow, that is fantastic news.

Very good news.

Okay, so let's talk about three words and expressions that our viewers can use to talk about this really fantastic story.

What have we got for them?

We have preliminary rate on dhe.

Incurable for eliminate, airy rate and incurable.

Okay, let's have our first headline then, please.

So we're looking at Gizmodo.

The headline is preliminary data shows two new Ebola drugs dramatically decreased mortality rates preliminary happening before a more important action or event preliminary.

Now I see a bit of wood building coming up there.

What's that?

Yes, we have pre p r e.

The full spelling is p r e l I m i n a r.

Why preliminary?

But the pre bit means before okay and eliminate Eri.

It means really to some of them used before an important point or an important event.

So something that happens before the main thing is preliminary in this case we have preliminary data, which, of course, is the first data coming back from the tests.

Yes, and I believe they're preliminary tests.

The first round of tests?

Yeah, that's right.

Before they may be finalized.

The cure?

Yeah.

Okay, so this is an objective, right?

It is an objective.

Yes.

And we can use it in lots and lots of context.

Yes.

Yes.

Medical.

Seem pretty confident.

There, Katherine hit May transcript of a test over it.

All right, here we go.

Then.

I'm gonna give you a context.

You're gonna give me how to use preliminary.

Okay?

All right.

I'm gonna go with art, Okay?

If you're an artist and you're going to make a big picture, you make a preliminary drawing.

Of course.

The first draft yet.

Okay, fine.

Okay.

Try this one.

Governmental.

You're gonna make a big change in the law.

You have a preliminary meeting.

Okay.

Pretty good.

Pretty good.

All right.

What about sports football?

Tournament?

The preliminary round.

The first match is before it gets really serious.

Okay, smarty pants, Legal context.

Preliminary hearing before the big trialled.

The main one.

You'll have some hearings before the big trial.

I called preliminary ness to establish whether or not a crime has actually been done.

Have them for lots of reasons.

Okay, What about science?

Preliminary results off a study.

Okay, big results.

Now, first results that much like these ones in very similar.

Okay, well, I mean, that was our first headline.

So thank you for that preliminary information.

Let's move on to our second.

Okay, We're going to BBC.

No.

Ebola drugs show 90% survival rate in breakthrough trialled rate measure of the number of times or frequency, something happens.

A small word with a complicated explanation.

It's also a useful word rate R a t e.

It's a noun.

And it basically is a way of saying that you measuring the number of times something happens in the time period or how often something happens.

Okay.

And in this case, of course, we've got survival rate survival rate.

This means a 90% survival rate means that 90% of people who have had this treatment survived.

They don't die.

Okay, You could look at the other side of it and say there's a 10% death rate or a 10% mortality rate.

So what you do is you get unknown and put rate on the end of it.

And you've got a compound known with rate to say how often something happens.

Can you give us any other examples?

Oh, yes.

So you can talk about the birth rate, How many babies are born?

You can talk about the crime rate, how much crime occurs in per 1000 people in the population.

Or you can have how many crimes are committed in a week.

That would be the weekly crime rate.

You can have success rate of something that you're doing or a failure rate.

So now plus rate means how often something happens now.

Words like survival rate, mortality rate, birthrate, crime rate.

We're talking statistics here, aren't we?

And in particular, I mean, certainly with birth rate.

We're talking about demographics.

Yes, that's often used in demographics in statistics, in the study sense.

So we can talk about a group of people or number of people leaving the city at a rate off every week.

Yeah, absolutely.

So after our rate off at the rate off and then you give the number 100 per week is a really good fixed phrase for using this word rate to say how often things happen.

You can use them in any real context, you know?

I mean, I was I was actually doing a bit of calculations to see how often rob biscuits.

I think it's incalculable.

But going find preliminary findings of my unofficial study into Rob's biscuit thievery, or that he steals biscuits at a rate of approximately four per day for per day.

And, of course, for saying the time word that we used to connect the time to the expression exactly that.

Four per day.

10 per week.

1500 per hour.

You can say an hour or a day, but often per is B E R is what we used to give the actual number.

All right, Thank you for that, Rob.

We're watching you.

Thank you very much.

Let's go to our next headline.

But before we do now is an excellent time for us to tell you all about six minute grammar.

The informative show that gives you all the grammar you need.

And we have one episode in particular.

That's all about adverbs of frequency, useful for talking about how often things happen or the rate of them isn't that right?

Catherine?

That's right.

So often.

Sometimes usually always, never.

And seldom possibly even rarely click Willing to go to six minute grammar.

Wow, that was fantastic.

Nice.

Okay, let's have a look at our third and final headline.

OK on.

We have the Washington Post.

Ebola no longer incurable scientists say after discovery off two highly effective drugs incurable cannot be cured.

I see more word building on the horizon more We're building here i n c u r a b l e in cure a bum in meaning not cure meaning to treat an endless effectively and get rid of it.

That's the root of the word is that's the route and then double is thesis effects That means can or cannot.

So we've got not cure can, exactly cannot cure Cannot hear So is it an adjective?

It is an objective.

Yes, it is.

An objective is a really kind of strong pattern that you have this not then the root word and then abol war able Depending on the spelling, you can have another way of talking about this in the medical sense is on treat above Okay, an untreatable disease or condition is something that cannot be treated okay.

Very similar to incurable.

So they're kind of synonymous with each other, aren't they?

Pretty much so.

There are some technical differences, but they mean the same thing.

You've got this disease, and you stuck with it.

Okay.

How How awful.

Never mind, eh?

So we've got colic ations, such as an incurable disease.

An incurable illness?

Yep.

Anymore affliction.

Uh, virus.

Okay.

Condition.

Ah, a lot of medical words that you can use with incurable.

But somebody told me once that I was an incurable optimist.

Does that mean I'm infected with optimism?

I Am I going to die in the disease sense?

No, but because you're a very optimistic person and nothing can stop that from nothing can stop your optimism down despite my best efforts.

Thank you.

Miserable.

No, you really make me feel better.

You're still an incurable optimist, and you can't stop being optimistic and we can use personality trait type thing.

There's not a trace.

You often hear incurable.

Romantic.

Yeah.

Um, you can use it for negative personalities as well.

He's an incurable thief.

Fees, and then she's an incurable pessimist.

Okay, but yeah, for personality traits that you really can't change about people you can use incurable.

Now can we recap the vocabulary, please?

Yes, We had preliminary happening before.

Amore Important action or event rate measure of the number of times.

All frequencies.

Something happens incurable cannot be cured.

Thank you very much.

Now, if you'd like to test yourself on today's vocabulary, there is a quiz that you can take on our website.

That's BBC learning english dot com.

And of course, we are all over social media everywhere.

You look like spaghetti on a plate of Balinese.

If that makes any sense, it'll so check YouTube, Twitter, instagram and Facebook.

I didn't make it up to go along.

And, of course, don't forget our app.

It's free download and free to use toe all android and iPhone users.

So make sure you check it out and learn with us on the go.

We'll see you next time.

Bye bye.

Yeah, Bye.

He's a review from BBC Learning English.

Oh, hi.

Thanks very much for watching our program.

We hope you enjoyed it.

I'm sure you did.

Don't forget to subscribe so you can keep up to date with our wide variety of English language.

learning programs.

We've got something for everyone.

And that's it.

We'll see you next time.

I'm gonna eat my bagel, My guys.