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gross

US /ɡros/

・

UK /ɡrəʊs/

noun
144 of something; twelve dozen of something
Total sum of money earned before costs and taxes
A group of 144 items (12 dozens).
A group of 144 items; twelve dozen.
Total weight of something including packaging

verb
To earn an amount of money before costs and taxes

adjective
Nasty; ill-mannered; unappealing
Total; entire; without deductions.
Vulgar; crude; disgusting.

other
To earn as a total amount, before deductions.

other
Total earnings before deductions.

B1 TOEIC

urge

US /ɚdʒ/

・

UK /ɜ:dʒ/

noun
A strong desire for something
Strong pressure on someone to do something

verb
To drive something forward
To ask or encourage someone to do something

other
To strongly encourage or persuade someone to do something.

extreme

US /ɪkˈstrim/

・

UK /ɪk'stri:m/

adjective
Very great in degree
Far from the average or moderate.
Farthest from the centre or middle; outermost.
Farthest from a center
Of the highest degree or intensity.
Going to great lengths; beyond what is moderate, usual, or necessary.
Very severe; very strong
Involving a high level of risk or danger.

noun
The furthest point or limit of something.
A measure or course of action that is drastic or far-reaching.
The furthest limit or degree of something.
Effort that is thought more than is necessary

climate

US /ˈklaɪmɪt/

・

UK /ˈklaɪmət/

noun
Typical weather conditions in a particular place

other
The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.

other
A region with particular weather conditions.

other
The typical weather conditions in an area over a long period.

shift

US /ʃɪft/

・

UK /ʃɪft/

other
To change or move from one position or direction to another.
To change in character or form.

other
To move (something or someone) to a different position.
To change (something) in character or form; alter.
To arrange (workers) in shifts.

noun
A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
A simple, often unfitted dress.
A key on a keyboard used to select uppercase letters and other alternative characters.
A displacement of rock along a fault.
A mechanism for changing gears in a vehicle.
A period of time worked by a group of workers who replace another group.
Period of work starting at a certain time

verb
To change in position or direction
To move something from one place to another

adjective
(Of work) starting at a certain time, as at night

concrete

US /kɑnˈkrit, kɑŋ-, ˈkɑnˌkrit, ˈkɑŋ-/

・

UK /'kɒŋkri:t/

other
A building material made from a mixture of broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water, which hardens to a stonelike mass.

noun
Hard building material made of cement, sand, water
A real thing or particular thing

verb
To cover or make with a hard grey building material

other
To lay or cover with concrete.
To make firm or solid; to establish firmly.
To lay or cover with concrete.
To lay or cover with concrete.

adjective
Definite and clearly formulated.
Concerning something that is physical or real
Specific; definite; real; not abstract.

other
To become hard and solid like concrete.

expert

US /ˈɛkˌspɚt/

・

UK /'ekspɜ:t/

adjective
Having special knowledge or skill
Having special skill or knowledge in a particular field
Having or involving special skill or knowledge.

noun
Skillful person with special knowledge
A person who has a comprehensive and authoritative knowledge of or skill in a particular area.
A person who has a comprehensive and authoritative knowledge of or skill in a particular area.

other
A person with special skill or knowledge in a particular field

affect

US /əˈfɛkt/

・

UK /ə'fekt/

verb
To cause a change in something else

noun
(Psychology) Emotion or feeling.

other
To have an influence on someone or something, or to cause a change in someone or something.
To pretend to have or feel (something).

avoid

US /əˈvɔɪd/

・

UK /ə'vɔɪd/

verb
To prevent from happening
To stay away from

dramatically

US /drəˈmætɪkl:ɪ/

・

UK /drə'mætɪklɪ/

adverb
In a sudden or extreme manner
In a dramatic manner.
To a great or striking extent; significantly.
Suddenly and obviously; in a very noticeable way.
In a theatrical or exaggerated manner.

release

US /rɪ'li:s/

・

UK /rɪ'li:s/

other
To allow (something) to be available or to be made public.
To allow (something) to flow out or be emitted.
To allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free.
To allow (a substance) to flow out from somewhere.
To allow (a feeling or emotion) to be expressed.
To allow (someone) to be free from a duty or obligation.
To allow (something) to fall, drop, or escape.
To allow (something) to be available or accessible.
To make (something) available to the public.
To allow (something) to fall or loosen one's hold on it.
To allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free.

noun
The action or process of making a film, recording, or other product available to the public.
The easing of something painful or oppressive.
The action of setting someone free from imprisonment or detention.
Act of freeing someone from a duty or burden
Introduction of a new product, film, book, etc.
Relief from sadness, suffering or trouble
Act of freeing from a jail, cage, prison, etc.
A written statement giving up a legal right.
A catch or other device that allows a part to be freed or detached.
The action or process of allowing someone to leave a place where they have been kept or confined.
A version of a product that is offered for sale or distribution.
A public statement or announcement.
The action or process of making a product available to the public.

verb
To free someone from a responsibility or burden
To allow a film, music etc. to be sold/distributed
To allow to leave a jail, cage, etc.; let out
To let go of something you are holding

other
The action of setting someone free from imprisonment or constraint.

pour

US /pɔr, por/

・

UK /pɔ:(r)/

other
To come or go in large numbers.
To rain heavily.

other
To devote or apply (oneself or energy) purposefully or wholeheartedly.
To express one's feelings freely.
To flow or cause to flow in a steady stream.

verb
To fill a person's glass or cup with a drink
To make something flow in a steady stream
To rain very heavily

performance

US / pɚˈfɔrməns/

・

UK /pə'fɔ:məns/

noun
Act of doing something
The action of performing; an act of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment.
Activity done to entertain an audience
The action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
The action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
The capability of a machine, product, or person.
The operating speed, efficiency, or capability of a computer or other machine.
The financial result of the activities of a company or organization over a period of time.
An act of presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment.
The action of performing, executing, or fulfilling an action, promise, or duty.
The action of performing a task, duty, or function.
An act of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment.
The manner in which or the efficiency with which something reacts or fulfills its intended purpose.
The action or manner of performing in a sporting event.
The action or manner of performing in a sporting event.
A public presentation or exhibition.
The way in which someone or something functions or operates.

other
The action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
The capabilities or functioning of a machine, product, or system.
The operating speed or efficiency of a computer or other machine.
A measure of how efficiently a computer or other system operates.
The financial results of a company or investment over a period of time.
The financial result of a company, fund, or investment over a period of time.
The action of performing, executing, or fulfilling an action, promise, or duty.
The act of performing; the state of being performed.
The action of performing a task, duty, or function.
The manner in which or the efficiency with which something reacts or fulfills its intended purpose.

landscape

US /ˈlændˌskep/

・

UK /'lændskeɪp/

noun
Area or scene of activity, especially in politics
Picture of natural scenery in a place
View of a (beautiful) country area or scene

other
A format in which the page is wider than it is tall.

other
Improve the appearance of (an area of land) by planting trees, shrubs, or flowers.

verb
To make gardens that improve an area of land

other
A picture representing an area of countryside or other natural scenery.
All the visible features of an area of land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.

B1 TOEIC

comprehensive

US /ˌkɑ:mprɪˈhensɪv/

・

UK /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/

adjective
Complete and including everything that is necessary.
Including most or all things

B1 TOEIC

construction

US /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

・

UK /kən'strʌkʃn/

noun
Act of building something; thing that is built
Something that is made using different parts
The way words are organized in a sentence
The way something is made or structured
A company that builds things.
A geometrical drawing.
The way words are arranged in a sentence or phrase.
A particular way of understanding or interpreting something.
A method of building or putting something together.

other
The act or process of building or assembling something.
The industry involved in building things.

tragic

US /ˈtrædʒɪk/

・

UK /ˈtrædʒɪk/

adjective
Causing or characterized by extreme distress or sorrow.
Very sad, often involving death and suffering.
Relating to tragedy in a literary sense; characteristic of or appropriate to tragedy.
(Of a play, movie, or book) with a sad ending
Causing great sadness, e.g. due to untimely death

degree

US /dɪˈɡri/

・

UK /dɪˈgri:/

noun
A qualification awarded to students who successfully complete a course of study at a university or college.
Amount or extent of something
A unit of measurement of angles, one three-hundred-and-sixtieth of a full rotation.
The extent or intensity to which something is the case.
The highest power of a variable in a mathematical expression.
Unit for measuring temperature or angles
Qualification received after completing university
A unit of measurement of temperature.

lead

US /lid/

・

UK /li:d/

noun
Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
Information that could help to solve a crime
Main part in a play or movie
Heavy, gray metal element
Rope used to tie something to stop it escaping
Act of being at the front in a race or game

adjective
Being the main part in movies or plays

verb
To show the way or guide others
To be at the front of a race or game
To travel in front of; go in advance of others

hang

US /hæŋ/

・

UK /hæŋ/

verb
To attach a picture, photograph etc. onto a wall
To float, move softly, or remain in the air
To kill by putting a rope around neck and dropping
To remain undecided, unsolved or unclear

rescue

US /ˈrɛskju/

・

UK /'reskju:/

noun
Act of saving someone in danger or in trouble
Financial assistance to save a company or economy from collapse.
An act of saving someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation.
An organization that saves animals or people from dangerous situations.
The act of saving someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation.

verb
To save someone who is in danger or in trouble

other
To provide financial assistance to save a company or economy from collapse.
To save someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation.

exhale

US /ɛksˈhel,ɛkˈhel/

・

UK /eksˈheɪl/

verb
To breathe out the air or smoke in your lungs

C1

pop

US /pɑp/

・

UK /pɒp/

verb
To cause something to open or burst suddenly
Burst or make something burst with a short, sharp explosive sound.
To go to or in a place for a brief period of time
To bulge or stick out suddenly.
Insert or put (something) quickly or suddenly.
Go somewhere quickly or briefly.
To go somewhere quickly or for a short time.

other
To burst open with a short, sharp sound.
To stand out or be noticeable.
To open wide or bulge.
To go somewhere quickly or briefly.

noun
Sweet soda drink
Father.
Popular music of a simple and tuneful character.
Popular music of a simple and tuneful character.
A short, sharp, explosive sound.
A carbonated soft drink.
A short, sharp, explosive sound.

other
To insert or place quickly.
To ask (a question, especially about marriage).

adjective
Type of music or art popular with many people
Relating to popular culture.

other
Popular music of the current time.
A sweet, carbonated soft drink.

B2

desert

US /ˈdɛzət/

・

UK /'dezət/

verb
To leave a place for ever; abandon
To leave when one is needed or expected to stay

other
To abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous.

noun
A dry, barren area of land, typically sandy and with little or no vegetation.
Bare area of land, often with few plants and water
A punishment or reward that is deserved.

other
To illegally leave the armed forces.
(of a soldier) to leave the armed forces without permission and with the intention of not returning.

science

US /ˈsaɪəns/

・

UK /'saɪəns/

noun
Study of the physical world, based on facts

glow

US /ɡlo/

・

UK /ɡləʊ/

other
A strong feeling of pleasure or satisfaction.
A steady light.
A feeling of warmth and well-being.

noun
Pink color in the face, e.g. from exercise/emotion
Pleasant feeling, as of happiness or satisfaction
Soft, steady light given off without a flame

verb
To look very healthy and contented
To emit a steady even light

other
To produce a steady light.
To have a healthy reddish color.

point

US /pɔɪnt/

・

UK /pɔɪnt/

noun
A decimal point.
An item to be discussed
Small spot or dot
Fact or detail
Feature of something
The size of the text on a page or screen
A particular idea or argument.
A certain time or stage in a process
A particular location or position.
Certain position in time or space
The purpose or aim of something.
Idea or fact you try to convince people about
Measurement of scores in a game, sport
A stitch in sewing or needlework.
Sharp end of something, e.g. a pen or pin
A specific moment in time.

other
To direct someone's attention to something by extending a finger or object.
To indicate or suggest a particular fact or conclusion.

verb
To face a certain direction, e.g. north
To indicate something with your finger to others

rise

US /raɪz/

・

UK /raɪz/

other
To move upwards; ascend.
To achieve a higher rank or position.
To get out of bed.
To increase in number, amount, or value.
To originate or have its source.
To rebel or revolt.

verb
To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
(Of bread) to get larger due to air being created
To achieve greater success and power or rank
To increase in quantity, degree, strength, value
To move from a lower position to a higher one
(Sun, etc.) to appear over the horizon, in the sky

noun
Act or process of achieving a higher rank, status
Ground higher than the areas next to or around it
Movement from lower to greater heights
An increase in number, amount, or value.

other
An increase in salary or wages.

worse

US /wɚs/

・

UK /wɜ:s/

adjective
Comparative of 'bad'; more bad

adverb
Comparative of 'bad'; more bad

head

US /hɛd/

・

UK /hed/

verb
To hit a ball with your head in a game
To be first or at the front or top (e.g. a list)
To travel or move toward a particular place; To go in a particular direction
To become the leader of something
To lead or be responsible for something

noun
Counter for the number of cattle
Natural mental ability or intelligence
Leader or person with the greatest authority
Mind; mental ability; mental state
Side of a coin with a head on it
Top part of your body with eyes and a mouth
Starting point of something, e.g. a river

pick

US /pɪk/

・

UK /pɪk/

noun
Sharp tool used for breaking the ground
The best one of a group.
A small, thin piece of plastic or metal used to pluck the strings of a musical instrument.
The right or opportunity to choose.
Item selected from a group of choices
A tool with a sharp point used for breaking or digging.
A toothpick.

other
To choose someone or something from a group.
To gather or harvest.
To pluck or gather.
To remove something with the fingers or a pointed object.
To select carefully.

verb
To take fruit or vegetables from a plant or tree
To decide on a thing from various choices; select
To remove (flower, etc.) with your fingers

change

US /tʃendʒ/

・

UK /tʃeɪndʒ/

noun
Exchange of one set of clothes for another
Money in the form of coins instead of paper
Money returned after giving too much
Act of making or becoming something else

verb
To exchange one set of clothes for another
To exchange one kind of money for another
To replace something with another thing
To make or become something else
To go from one train, bus, etc. and go to another

find

US /faɪnd/

・

UK /faɪnd/

verb
To become aware of something that is happening
To discover or meet by chance
To decide if someone is guilty of a crime, or not
To learn through study, research, or effort
To discover something by looking for it

noun
Object discovered by chance
Things that have been discovered from searching

venom

US /ˈvɛnəm/

・

UK /ˈvenəm/

noun
Poison, e.g. one produced by plant or animal

B2

gasp

US /ɡæsp/

・

UK /ɡɑ:sp/

noun
A short quick breath because of surprise, shock

verb
To take a short quick breath because of surprise

cover

US /ˈkʌvɚ/

・

UK /'kʌvə(r)/

noun
A different version of another song
Bed sheets; blankets
Something used to conceal the truth about one's actions or intentions; a pretext.
(Police or military) protection from attack
Amount of money to be paid in an insurance claim
Thing you put over something to close or hide it
A new performance or recording of a previously recorded song.
Something that is placed over or in front of something else, especially to protect or conceal it.
Front and back part of a book or magazine
Shelter built to protect from the natural elements

verb
To record a different version of another song
To include as part of its area
To put something over something to hide it
To discuss a subject in a talk or meeting
To form a layer over something so it is hidden
To have sufficient funds to pay for something
To include something within an agreed limit
To report news on TV, radio or in a newspaper
(Police or military) to protect from attack
To travel a certain distance in a given time
To wrap something with something, such as a cloth

other
To travel a certain distance.
To extend over an area or period of time; to include.
To conceal something by placing something over or in front of it.
To place something over or in front of, in order to protect or conceal.
To report on an event or subject.
To travel over (a distance).

other
Protection provided by an insurance policy.

reply

US /rɪˈplaɪ/

・

UK /rɪˈplaɪ/

noun
Answer to someone's question
A response in speech, writing or action

verb
To respond by speech, writing or action
To give a response in speech, writing or action

life

US /laɪf/

・

UK /laɪf/

noun
All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
Period of time things live, from birth to death

venomous

US /ˈvɛnəməs/

・

UK /ˈvenəməs/

adjective
Extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom

B2