today we are starting up with Linux tutorials.

We will talk about Linux right from scratch

and in this first tutorial I will give an introduction to Linux.

So let's proceed.

What is Linux?

Linux is an Operating System

just like Windows and Mac OS X.

Linux derives many things from

Unix Operating System.

Linux is

open source and free.

What does open source and free mean? Let's have a look.

Free basically means that no payments are required

and you can directly download the Linux Operating System and install it

on your personal computer.

Open Source means that there is a source code

related to Linux

and you can this source code as the Linux source code

and this source code can be used by any person in the world

to create

his own Operating System

Now the Operating System that is created

using this Linux source code

will be nothing but the Linux Operating System.

Now because Linux is open source

we have a large number of Linux Operating Systems out there in the market.

Let's have a look at the hardware requirements of Linux Operating System.

I will not go into the specific hardware requirements like

how much RAM is required

or how much space is required,

because

every Linux distribution

has different

hardware requirements. What I am gonna show you

is the basic hardware requirement

and that is

Linux can be made to run on any x86 or x64 based

personal computer.

x86 is 32 bit

and x64 is 64 bit.

Who uses Linux?

Linux is mainly used

in Super Computers,

servers

and Android powered devices.

Super Computers are the fastest computers in the world.

They can do large number of arithmetical calculations, in a single second.

90% of the fastest 500 Super Computers

use Linux.

That gives us a hint

that Linux is the fastest Operating System.

Now servers

is like a storage

and in

website owners store all their website data, SQL databases, Oracle databases

etc etc etc.

And according to a survey,

approximately 60% of servers use Linux.

and only like 40% use Windows.

So Linux is dominating in the server area.

And we also have Android powered devices.

Now Android powered devices also make us of Linux.

And Android powered devices

or you could say the Android Operating System,

is the most famous mobile Operating System.

and the most widespread mobile Operating System today

in this era.

What is the usage share of Linux?

If we have a look

at the Wikimedia statistics for June 2012, it says that Linux is

being used

only by 1.53%

and Android is being used by 4.73%.

We all know that Android is leading in the

marketplace market space but

Linux in that desktop or you could say the personal computer market space

is lagging and that is

because

4-5 years ago Linux

was like

you had to code in Linux for every specific task.

Today Linux has been evolved to Graphical User Interface (GUI),

so expect

that Linux market share increases.

Now the second reason why Linux is lagging

is because it

does not have great applications.

Most of the applications are

open source

and I am not saying that open source applications are bad.

I myself use open source applications because they are free

but the problem with

open source software is that

sometimes

they lack of many things,

so you require paid softwares

and one of the best example is Adobe Photoshop.

Adobe Photoshop is a paid software available for Windows and Mac OS X.

It is not available for Linux. The Linux version is Gimp. It is a open source

version. It has the same functions as Adobe Photoshop but still

users have said that Adobe Photoshop is better than Gimp.

So there might be certain areas where Adobe Photoshop is better. So we

expect that Linux should get these kind of applications very soon.

And if it get's that

then it's market share will again boost up.

And it also lacks in games. So again Linux needs some great games

and if these games come to Linux then again the market share of Linux will boost up.

Keeping the market share aside,

let's talk about the filesystem of Linux.

Linux makes use of extended journaling filesystem

that is ext4, ext3 and ext2.

ext4 is currently being used

and it supports that is extended

journaling filesystem supports

storage volumes up to 2^60 bytes

and that's very

large.

You can google it up

and you would actually find that that's

GB's and GB's and GB's.

An extended journaling filesystem

that is ext4

has got faster file scanning. So

pretty much overall extended journaling filesystem is a really good.

Now what are the famous Linux

Graphical User Interfaces?

and I am talking about the famous ones. There are many Graphical User Interfaces in Linux.

I am just talking about the famous four.

One is GNOME, second is KDE

Plasma Desktop,

third is XFCE

and fourth is LXDE.

Now GNOME can be

further be given more GUI by using GNOME Shell.

and

Ubuntu Unity.

Let's have a look at these famous Graphical User Interfaces.

Let's have a look at GNOME.

On the left hand side

we have Ubuntu Unity

and on the right hand side we have GNOME Shell.

So this is how it looks

in the GNOME

Graphical User Interface.

For KDE Plasma Desktop,

it will look like this.

And for XFCE and LXDE,

it will look like this. The XFCE is on the left hand side and LXDE

is on the right hand side.

Now let's talk about the home folder in Linux.

Whenever you install a Linux Operating System,

you will have a home folder.

Now home folder will contain all your documents, music, videos,

etc etc.

Now what comes with the Linux OS?

Every Linux distribution comes with basic required softwares like

photo viewer,

video player, documents editor,

text editor,

web browser,

mail client,

and few games.

And many other applications

which are required for daily usage.

Now many Linux distribution also comes with

programming languages installed and

they may include PHP, Java, C, C++,

etc etc.

So that's what comes with Linux

Operating Systems.

Now what about programming applications in Linux?

You can use various programming languages like C, C++, Java,

fortran

etc etc to

make applications on

Linux.

What about applications? How do you install them?

Many Linux distributions have their own

App Store,

just like the Mac App Store and users can download the applications from their

App Store.

Applications can also be installed from the internet too.

Executable file for every Linux distribution is different.

Ubuntu's

executable file is .deb

So you can install files

.deb also

or you could say you can install the applications using the .deb

executable file.

What about uninstalling the applications?

Application uninstalling is done

using the Terminal

or the App Store

or using the executable file itself.

Now what about the Terminal?

What is Terminal?

Terminal is like the Command Prompt

of Windows.

It is used to perform various tasks like pinging,

finding IP Addresses of your internet connection,

installing applications,

doing SSH, etc etc.

So that is the end of this Linux

introduction

and i hope you liked it.

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