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  • Hey guys wassup this is Nayan here from Tech Barrack Solutions and

  • today we are starting up with Linux tutorials.

  • We will talk about Linux right from scratch

  • and in this first tutorial I will give an introduction to Linux.

  • So let's proceed.

  • What is Linux?

  • Linux is an Operating System

  • just like Windows and Mac OS X.

  • Linux derives many things from

  • Unix Operating System.

  • Linux is

  • open source and free.

  • What does open source and free mean? Let's have a look.

  • Free basically means that no payments are required

  • and you can directly download the Linux Operating System and install it

  • on your personal computer.

  • Open Source means that there is a source code

  • related to Linux

  • and you can this source code as the Linux source code

  • and this source code can be used by any person in the world

  • to create

  • his own Operating System

  • Now the Operating System that is created

  • using this Linux source code

  • will be nothing but the Linux Operating System.

  • Now because Linux is open source

  • we have a large number of Linux Operating Systems out there in the market.

  • Let's have a look at the hardware requirements of Linux Operating System.

  • I will not go into the specific hardware requirements like

  • how much RAM is required

  • or how much space is required,

  • because

  • every Linux distribution

  • has different

  • hardware requirements. What I am gonna show you

  • is the basic hardware requirement

  • and that is

  • Linux can be made to run on any x86 or x64 based

  • personal computer.

  • x86 is 32 bit

  • and x64 is 64 bit.

  • Who uses Linux?

  • Linux is mainly used

  • in Super Computers,

  • servers

  • and Android powered devices.

  • Super Computers are the fastest computers in the world.

  • They can do large number of arithmetical calculations, in a single second.

  • 90% of the fastest 500 Super Computers

  • use Linux.

  • That gives us a hint

  • that Linux is the fastest Operating System.

  • Now servers

  • is like a storage

  • and in

  • website owners store all their website data, SQL databases, Oracle databases

  • etc etc etc.

  • And according to a survey,

  • approximately 60% of servers use Linux.

  • and only like 40% use Windows.

  • So Linux is dominating in the server area.

  • And we also have Android powered devices.

  • Now Android powered devices also make us of Linux.

  • And Android powered devices

  • or you could say the Android Operating System,

  • is the most famous mobile Operating System.

  • and the most widespread mobile Operating System today

  • in this era.

  • What is the usage share of Linux?

  • If we have a look

  • at the Wikimedia statistics for June 2012, it says that Linux is

  • being used

  • only by 1.53%

  • and Android is being used by 4.73%.

  • We all know that Android is leading in the

  • marketplace market space but

  • Linux in that desktop or you could say the personal computer market space

  • is lagging and that is

  • because

  • 4-5 years ago Linux

  • was like

  • you had to code in Linux for every specific task.

  • Today Linux has been evolved to Graphical User Interface (GUI),

  • so expect

  • that Linux market share increases.

  • Now the second reason why Linux is lagging

  • is because it

  • does not have great applications.

  • Most of the applications are

  • open source

  • and I am not saying that open source applications are bad.

  • I myself use open source applications because they are free

  • but the problem with

  • open source software is that

  • sometimes

  • they lack of many things,

  • so you require paid softwares

  • and one of the best example is Adobe Photoshop.

  • Adobe Photoshop is a paid software available for Windows and Mac OS X.

  • It is not available for Linux. The Linux version is Gimp. It is a open source

  • version. It has the same functions as Adobe Photoshop but still

  • users have said that Adobe Photoshop is better than Gimp.

  • So there might be certain areas where Adobe Photoshop is better. So we

  • expect that Linux should get these kind of applications very soon.

  • And if it get's that

  • then it's market share will again boost up.

  • And it also lacks in games. So again Linux needs some great games

  • and if these games come to Linux then again the market share of Linux will boost up.

  • Keeping the market share aside,

  • let's talk about the filesystem of Linux.

  • Linux makes use of extended journaling filesystem

  • that is ext4, ext3 and ext2.

  • ext4 is currently being used

  • and it supports that is extended

  • journaling filesystem supports

  • storage volumes up to 2^60 bytes

  • and that's very

  • large.

  • You can google it up

  • and you would actually find that that's

  • GB's and GB's and GB's.

  • An extended journaling filesystem

  • that is ext4

  • has got faster file scanning. So

  • pretty much overall extended journaling filesystem is a really good.

  • Now what are the famous Linux

  • Graphical User Interfaces?

  • and I am talking about the famous ones. There are many Graphical User Interfaces in Linux.

  • I am just talking about the famous four.

  • One is GNOME, second is KDE

  • Plasma Desktop,

  • third is XFCE

  • and fourth is LXDE.

  • Now GNOME can be

  • further be given more GUI by using GNOME Shell.

  • and

  • Ubuntu Unity.

  • Let's have a look at these famous Graphical User Interfaces.

  • Let's have a look at GNOME.

  • On the left hand side

  • we have Ubuntu Unity

  • and on the right hand side we have GNOME Shell.

  • So this is how it looks

  • in the GNOME

  • Graphical User Interface.

  • For KDE Plasma Desktop,

  • it will look like this.

  • And for XFCE and LXDE,

  • it will look like this. The XFCE is on the left hand side and LXDE

  • is on the right hand side.

  • Now let's talk about the home folder in Linux.

  • Whenever you install a Linux Operating System,

  • you will have a home folder.

  • Now home folder will contain all your documents, music, videos,

  • etc etc.

  • Now what comes with the Linux OS?

  • Every Linux distribution comes with basic required softwares like

  • photo viewer,

  • video player, documents editor,

  • text editor,

  • web browser,

  • mail client,

  • and few games.

  • And many other applications

  • which are required for daily usage.

  • Now many Linux distribution also comes with

  • programming languages installed and

  • they may include PHP, Java, C, C++,

  • etc etc.

  • So that's what comes with Linux

  • Operating Systems.

  • Now what about programming applications in Linux?

  • You can use various programming languages like C, C++, Java,

  • fortran

  • etc etc to

  • make applications on

  • Linux.