Vocabulary

  • prior to: Before a particular time or event.
  • in school: Attending an educational institution.
  • ancient history: The study of the distant past, from the earliest humans through the first great civilizations.
  • such as: For example; like
  • by heart: Learned or memorized perfectly.
  • based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
  • for the most part: Generally; mostly; on the whole.
  • as a rule: Generally; usually
  • at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
  • same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
  • cut in: To interrupt someone's conversation
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • date: To have become old-fashioned
  • write: To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • school: Large group of fish that swim together
  • writing: To compose letters and words on paper or a screen
  • age: To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
  • picture: General situation or state of being
  • early: Coming/happening before others in a time sequence
  • great: Very good; better than before
  • shorter: Smaller in height
  • tell: To (strongly) advise a person to do something
  • history: Established pattern or record
  • century: Period of 100 years
  • classical: Concerning the culture of ancient Greece or Rome
  • geographical: Concerning the earth and its natural features
  • science: Study of the physical world, based on facts
  • print: To make many copies of a page, magazine or book
  • textbook: A book that is used to study
  • ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
  • invent: To create something such as a story or excuse
  • false: Not real or genuine
  • tin: Metal container used for storing e.g. food
  • primary: Most important, most basic or essential
  • stone: Hard, solid piece of rock
  • step: Movement done as part of a particular dance
  • rule: Something that is normal and usually happens
  • documentary: Supported by written evidence
  • universally: Applying to all people, times, places
  • independently: In a manner being free from the control of another
  • medieval: Old or out of date and not of much use
  • reliably: In a manner deserving of your trust; dependably
  • proof: Act of showing that something exists or is true
  • extraction: Process of taking something out of something else
  • wrongly: In error; unfairly; unjustly
  • considerable: Large in size, amount, or effect
  • edit: To check and make changes before publication
  • accuse: To claim that someone has done something wrong
  • craft: To make by hand and with much skill
  • relate: To demonstrate a logical relationship between
  • readily: In a quick and easy manner
  • copper: Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires
  • mathematician: Student of or teacher of mathematics
  • greedy: Wanting to have more of something than you need
  • compile: To put programming data into a computer
  • presumed: To assume that something is true till proven false
  • contradictory: (Of evidence) showing the opposite
  • exclusively: For the use of only one person or group
  • prior: Existing or coming earlier in time
  • drastically: In a sudden, extreme or severe manner
  • contradict: To say the opposite is so; say something different
  • fairy: Small imaginary being that can do magic
  • conquered: To take possession of (land, city) with an army
  • outlook: General feeling or attitude about something
  • inevitable: That must happen; certain to happen
  • astronomy: Study of stars and other bodies in space
  • crude: Lacking manners or finesse; rude
  • circulation: Movement of blood through the body
  • chronology: Order in which certain events occurred
  • antiquity: Very old object
  • polish: Act of making something clean and shiny
  • artefact: Man-made object, usually of historic importance
  • crucifixion: Act of execution by being nailed to a cross
  • consensual: (E.g. of sex) being agreed to by those concerned
  • timeframe: Expected beginning and end of a period
  • recite: To speak aloud a passage from memory
  • advent: First appearance of something important
  • rendition: Performance of a particular piece, esp. of music
  • crucify: To kill someone by nailing them to a cross
  • humankind: All of the living human inhabitants of the earth
  • gigantic: Extremely large
  • ancestry: Family or race from which a person is descended
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    • accuse

      US /əˈkjuz/

      UK /ə'kju:z/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To claim that someone has done something wrong
      A2
      More
    • advent

      US /ˈædˌvɛnt/

      UK /'ædvent/

      • Noun
      • First appearance of something important
      B2
      More
    • ancestry

      US /ˈænˌsɛstri/

      UK /ˈænsestri/

      • Noun
      • Family or race from which a person is descended
      B2
      More
    • ancient

      US /ˈenʃənt/

      UK /'eɪnʃənt/

      • Adjective
      • Very old; having lived a very long time ago
      • Relating to a period in history, especially in the distant past.
      • Noun
      • A person who lived in ancient times.
      A2
      More
    • ancient history

      US

      UK

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of the distant past, from the earliest humans through the first great civilizations.
      • Events from the distant past, especially those concerning the early civilizations.
      More
    • antiquity

      US /ænˈtɪkwɪti/

      UK /æn'tɪkwətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Very old object
      • An ancient period
      B2
      More
    • artefact

      US /ˈɑrtəˌfækt/

      UK /ˈɑ:tɪfækt/

      • Noun
      • Man-made object, usually of historic importance
      B1
      More
    • as a rule

      US /æz e rul/

      UK /æz ə ru:l/

      • Phrase
      • Generally; usually
      B1
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • astronomy

      US /əˈstrɑ:nəmi/

      UK /əˈstrɒnəmi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Study of stars and other bodies in space
      B2
      More
    • at the same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
      • Nevertheless; however; used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement.
      A1
      More
    • based on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
      • Preposition
      • Using something as the main idea or foundation.
      • Relying on something as evidence or justification.
      A1
      More
    • by heart

      US /baɪ hɑrt/

      UK /bai hɑ:t/

      • Adverb
      • Learned or memorized perfectly.
      • Phrase
      • To memorize something perfectly
      A2
      More
    • chronology

      US /krəˈnɑ:lədʒi/

      UK /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Order in which certain events occurred
      B2
      More
    • circulation

      US /ˌsɚkjəˈleʃən/

      UK /ˌsɜ:kjəˈleɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Movement of blood through the body
      • Repeatedly passing items from one person to others
      B1
      More
    • classical

      US /ˈklæsɪkəl/

      UK /ˈklæsɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the culture of ancient Greece or Rome
      • (Of music) serious and traditional in form
      B1
      More
    • compile

      US /kəmˈpaɪl/

      UK /kəm'paɪl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To put programming data into a computer
      • To gather (articles) for a book
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To undergo the process of being converted into machine language.
      B1
      More
    • conquered

      US

      UK

      • Transitive Verb
      • To take possession of (land, city) with an army
      • To beat something difficult, e.g. a fear; overcome
      B2
      More
    • consensual

      US /kən'senʃʊrl/

      UK /kən'senʃʊəl/

      • Adjective
      • (E.g. of sex) being agreed to by those concerned
      C1
      More
    • considerable

      US / kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

      UK /kənˈsɪdərəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Large in size, amount, or effect
      A2
      More
    • contradict

      US /ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt/

      UK /ˌkɒntrə'dɪkt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To say the opposite is so; say something different
      • To say the opposite of what someone else has said; to deny the truth of (a statement).
      B1
      More
    • contradictory

      US /ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəri/

      UK /ˌkɒntrə'dɪktərɪ/

      • Adjective
      • (Of evidence) showing the opposite
      B1
      More
    • copper

      US /ˈkɑpɚ/

      UK /'kɒpə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Reddish-brown metal used in cables or wires
      B1
      More
    • craft

      US /kræft/

      UK /krɑ:ft/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make by hand and with much skill
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Job requiring a worker to have specific skills
      • Vehicle that travels on water or through the air
      B1
      More
    • crucifixion

      US /ˌkrusəˈfɪkʃən/

      UK /ˌkru:səˈfɪkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Act of execution by being nailed to a cross
      B2
      More
    • crucify

      US /ˈkrusəˌfaɪ/

      UK /ˈkru:sɪfaɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To kill someone by nailing them to a cross
      • To destroy someone's character or reputation
      C1
      More
    • crude

      US /krud/

      UK /kru:d/

      • Adjective
      • Lacking manners or finesse; rude
      B1
      More
    • cut in

      US /kʌt ɪn/

      UK /kʌt in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To interrupt someone's conversation
      • To enter a queue at the wrong place
      A1
      More
    • documentary

      US /ˌdɑ:kjuˈmentri/

      UK /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/

      • Adjective
      • Supported by written evidence
      • Noun
      • Film TV program giving facts about a person, event
      B1
      More
    • drastically

      US /ˈdræstɪkl:ɪ/

      UK /'drɑ:stɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a sudden, extreme or severe manner
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • edit

      US /ˈɛdɪt/

      UK /ˈedɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To check and make changes before publication
      • To prepare scenes of a film into the final version
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • exclusively

      US /ɪkˈsklusɪvlɪ/

      UK /ɪk'sklu:sɪvlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • For the use of only one person or group
      • Completely; without anything else being involved.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • extraction

      US /ɪkˈstrækʃən/

      UK /ɪkˈstrækʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Process of taking something out of something else
      • Country, region from which a person or family came
      B1
      More
    • fairy

      US /ˈfɛri/

      UK /'feərɪ/

      • Noun
      • Small imaginary being that can do magic
      B1
      More
    • false

      US /fɔ:ls/

      UK /fɔ:ls/

      • Adjective
      • Not real or genuine
      • Not true or correct; containing incorrect information.
      • Adverb
      • In an untrue or inaccurate way.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • for the most part

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Generally; mostly; on the whole.
      • Mostly; generally; in most cases.
      A1
      More
    • geographical

      US /ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪkl/

      UK /ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the earth and its natural features
      A2
      More
    • gigantic

      US /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

      UK /dʒaɪ'ɡæntɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Extremely large
      • Of very great size, extent, or degree.
      B2
      More
    • greedy

      US /ˈɡridi/

      UK /'ɡri:dɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Wanting to have more of something than you need
      B1
      More
    • history

      US /ˈhɪstəri/

      UK /'hɪstrɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Established pattern or record
      • Study of past events as an academic subject
      A2
      More
    • humankind

      US /ˈhjumənˌkaɪnd/

      UK /ˌhju:mənˈkaɪnd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • All of the living human inhabitants of the earth
      • The characteristics and qualities associated with human beings.
      B2
      More
    • in school

      US /ɪn skul/

      UK /ɪn sku:l/

      • other
      • Attending an educational institution.
      A1
      More
    • independently

      US /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntlɪ/

      UK /ˌɪndɪ'pendəntlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a manner being free from the control of another
      A2
      More
    • inevitable

      US /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbəl/

      UK /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/

      • Adjective
      • That must happen; certain to happen
      • Sure to occur or happen
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A situation that is unavoidable
      • Things that cannot be avoided
      A2
      More
    • invent

      US /ɪnˈvɛnt/

      UK /ɪnˈvent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To create something such as a story or excuse
      • To create something useful for the first time
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • mathematician

      US /ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃən/

      UK /ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Student of or teacher of mathematics
      A2
      More
    • medieval

      US /ˌmidiˈivəl/

      UK /ˌmediˈi:vl/

      • Adjective
      • Old or out of date and not of much use
      • Relating to the Middle Ages (approximately 5th to 15th century).
      B1
      More
    • outlook

      US /ˈaʊtˌlʊk/

      UK /ˈaʊtlʊk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • General feeling or attitude about something
      • Place from which there is a clear view of an area
      B1
      More
    • polish

      US /ˈpɑlɪʃ/

      UK /'pɒlɪʃ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of making something clean and shiny
      • A cream used to make shoes etc. shiny
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
      • To make something smooth and shiny by rubbing it
      B1
      More
    • presumed

      US /prɪz'ju:md/

      UK /prɪz'ju:md/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To assume that something is true till proven false
      • To do something without having the right to do it
      • Adjective
      • Supposed to be true.
      A2
      More
    • primary

      US /ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri/

      UK /'praɪmərɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Most important, most basic or essential
      • Happening first; earliest
      B2
      More
    • prior

      US /ˈpraɪɚ/

      UK /'praɪə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Existing or coming earlier in time
      • (Of a claim, etc.) more important than another one
      • Noun
      • Monk or priest in charge of a monastery
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • prior to

      US /ˈpraɪɚ tu/

      UK /ˈpraiə tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Before a particular time or event.
      C1
      More
    • proof

      US /pruf/

      UK /pru:f/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of showing that something exists or is true
      • Special coating that protects something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To read a written work to check for mistakes
      • To protect by painting on a special coating
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • readily

      US /ˈrɛdəli, ˈrɛdli/

      UK /ˈredɪli/

      • Adverb
      • In a quick and easy manner
      • In a quick and willing manner
      B1
      More
    • recite

      US /rɪˈsaɪt/

      UK /rɪˈsaɪt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To speak aloud a passage from memory
      • To relate facts or information from memory
      B2
      More
    • relate

      US /rɪˈlet/

      UK /rɪ'leɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demonstrate a logical relationship between
      • To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reliably

      US /rɪˈlaɪəblɪ/

      UK /rɪ'laɪəblɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a manner deserving of your trust; dependably
      A2
      More
    • rendition

      US /rɛnˈdɪʃən/

      UK /renˈdɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Performance of a particular piece, esp. of music
      C1
      More
    • rule

      US /ruːl/

      UK /ruːl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something that is normal and usually happens
      • Governmental control or power over a region
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To decide legally, especially in court
      • To have control or influence
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
      • At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
      • Noun
      • An equal duration or period.
      A1
      More
    • science

      US /ˈsaɪəns/

      UK /'saɪəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Study of the physical world, based on facts
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • stone

      US /stoʊn/

      UK /stəʊn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Hard, solid piece of rock
      • Transitive Verb
      • To kill as a punishment, by throwing stones at
      A2
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • timeframe

      US /taɪmfreɪm/

      UK /taɪmfreɪm/

      • Noun
      • Expected beginning and end of a period
      C2
      More
    • tin

      US /tɪn/

      UK /tɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Metal container used for storing e.g. food
      • Metal that cans are often made from
      A2
      More
    • universally

      US /ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:rsəli/

      UK /ˌju:nɪˈvɜ:səli/

      • Adverb
      • Applying to all people, times, places
      • Throughout the world; by all people.
      B2
      More
    • wrongly

      US /ˈrɔ:ŋli/

      UK /ˈrɒŋli/

      • Adverb
      • In error; unfairly; unjustly
      • In a way that is untrue, unfair or incorrect
      A2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2
    #ancient#history#medieval#century#chronology#dating

    Mother of all history conspiracies?

    0
    Why Why posted on 2013/03/26
    Ever wondered if history as we know it is totally wrong? This video dives into Anatoly Fomenko's 'New Chronology' theory, questioning historical dating methods and famous chronicles. You'll pick up some fascinating vocabulary related to historical revisionism and dating critiques!

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