I walked into the office of the president

as head of state of the Republic of Sierra Leone.

I had not been elected.

Four years earlier,

I was one of 30 heavily armed military officers,

all in our 20s,

who had driven from the war front

into the capital city, Freetown.

We had only one objective:

to overthrow a corrupt, repressive and single-party dictatorship

that had kept itself in power for over 25 years.

But in the end, it wasn't a violent coup.

After we fired a few shots and seized the radio station,

hundreds of thousands of citizens jumped onto the streets

to welcome us as liberators.

If you are thinking this seems like a movie script, I'm with you.

I was part of the ruling military government,

and I served in several roles.

Our goal was always to return the country to democratic civilian rule.

But after four years,

those multiparty democratic elections had still not happened.

Citizens were beginning to lose faith in our promise.

But you know what?

I like to keep my promises.

Some of my comrades and I staged another military coup,

and this time, against our own head of state and commander.

Again, it was a bloodless coup.

That is how I became the new military head of state

on January 16, 1996.

I was still only 31 years old.

Of course, power was sweet.

I felt invulnerable.

I had thousands of heavily armed men

and aircraft at my command.

I was heavily protected,

and I lived in luxury.

But my obligations to my nation were always superior.

Millions of fellow citizens were either displaced

or fleeing the violence and pillage of war.

So I engaged in a series of diplomatic activities

right across the subregion

and convinced the reclusive rebel leader to initiate peace talks

for the very first time.

I also called a national consultative conference

of civil society organizations and stakeholders

to advise on the best way forward.

In both cases, I shared with them

what I believed in then and now:

that Sierra Leone is bigger than all of us,

and that Sierra Leone must be a secure, peaceful and just society

where every person can thrive

and contribute to national development.

And so, I initiated peace talks with the rebels.

I organized the first multiparty democratic elections in nearly 30 years.

(Applause)

I handed over power

to the newly elected president,

I retired from the army,

and I left my country for the United States of America

to study --

all in three months.

(Applause)

In many a long walk,

I wondered how we could get it right again as a nation.

More than 20 years later,

in April 2018,

with a few more wrinkles and grey hair,

I was again head of state.

But guess what?

This time I have been democratically elected.

(Applause)

At the polling stations last year,

my three-year-old daughter, Amina, was in my arm.

She insisted on holding on to my ballot paper with me.

She was intent and focused.

At that moment,

with my ballot papers in both our hands,

I fully understood the one priority for me

if I was elected president of the Republic of Sierra Leone;

that is: How could I make the lives of Amina

and millions of other young girls and boys

better in our country?

See, I believe that leadership is about creating possibilities that everyone,

especially the young people,

can believe in,

own,

work to actualize,

and which they can actively fight to protect.

The pathway to power and leadership

can be littered with impediments,

but more often, with funny questions that may seemingly defy answers:

How does one take on the unique challenges of a country like Sierra Leone?

We had mined mineral resources for over a hundred years,

but we still are poor.

We had collected foreign aid for 58 years, but we are still poor.

The secret to economic development is in nature's best resource:

skilled, healthy and productive human beings.

The secret to changing our country lay in enhancing and supporting

the limitless potential of the next generation

and challenging them to change our country.

Human capital development was the key to national development

in Sierra Leone.

As a candidate,

I met with and listened to many young men and women

right across the country

and in the diaspora

that were feeling disconnected from political leadership

and cared little about the future of our country.

How could we engage them

and make them believe that the answers to transforming our nation

was right in their hands?

Immediately after becoming president,

I appointed some of Sierra Leone's brightest young people as leaders,

with responsibility to realize our shared vision

of transforming Sierra Leone.

I am grateful many of them said yes.

Let me give you a few examples.

Corruption had been endemic in governance, institutions

and in public life in Sierra Leone,

undermining public trust

and the country's international reputation.

I appointed a young attorney as Commissioner

for the Anti-Corruption Commission.

In less than a year,

he had a hundred percent conviction rate

and recovered over 1.5 million dollars of stolen money.

That is seed money for building the country's first-ever

national medical diagnostic center in Sierra Leone.

(Applause)

The Millennium Challenge Corporation recently gave us a green scorecard

for the Control of Corruption indicator,

and multilateral development partners that had left Sierra Leone

are now beginning to return.

We are determined to break a culture of corruption

and the culture of impunity

that is associated with corruption.

Before I became president,

I met a skinny, dreadlocked MIT/Harvard-trained inventor

in London.

Over coffee, I challenged him to think and plan along with me

how innovation could help to drive national development

in the areas of governance, revenue mobilization, health care,

education, delivering public services

and supporting private sector growth.

How could Sierra Leone participate in the digital economy

and become an innovation hub?

Guess what?

He left his cozy job at IBM,

and he now leads a team of young men and women

within the newly established Directorate of Science, Technology and Innovation

in my own office.

(Applause)

That young man is right in here.

I challenged another young Sierra Leonean woman

to set up and lead the new Ministry of Planning and Economic Development.

She consulted widely with Sierra Leoneans and produced, in record time,

the medium-term national development plan,

titled, "Education For Development."

We now have our national development needs

in easily understandable clusters,

and we can now plan our budgets,

align development partner contributions

and measure our own progress.

But the story of my government's flagship program

is even more daring,

if I can call it that.

Today, three out of five adults in Sierra Leone cannot read or write.

Thousands of children were not able to go to school

or had dropped out of school

because their parents could just not afford the $20 school fees per year.

Women and girls, who constitute 51 percent of our population,

were not given equal opportunity to be educated.

So the obvious answer is to put in place free, quality education

for every Sierra Leonean child,

regardless of gender, ability or ethnicity.

(Applause)

Great idea you've clapped for.