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  • It's AumSum Time

  • Hi guys.

  • Can you guess the title of my next video?

  • How many brains do you have dude?

  • No.

  • Just one.

  • Hurry up.

  • Write your guess in the comments section below.

  • Diamonds.

  • Diamonds.

  • Oh.

  • Where did they go?

  • But scientists believe that it can actually rain diamonds on Jupiter and Saturn.

  • These planets have methane rich atmospheres.

  • During storms, lightning turns methane in clouds into soot.

  • As soot begins to fall, it is subjected to intense temperatures and pressures.

  • These conditions squeeze the soot into chunks of graphite.

  • As the pressure increases, graphite is compressed, making it literally rain diamonds.

  • Topic: Neutralization reaction.

  • How to treat a bee sting?

  • Hey.

  • Hold On.

  • Don't go near that honeycomb.

  • Please listen to me.

  • It is quite dangerous.

  • Fine.

  • Go ahead.

  • See, I told you.

  • Okay.

  • Now, don't worry.

  • Put this baking soda solution on the bee stung area.

  • You got some relief, right?

  • Do you know why you got relief?

  • This happened because a neutralization reaction took place when we applied baking soda on the stung area.

  • The venom of a honey bee contains formic acid.

  • When it stings us, it injects that acid into our skin.

  • Formic acid causes immense pain and irritation.

  • However, when we apply baking soda solution, which is a mild base, on the stung area.

  • It neutralizes the formic acid and cancels its effect.

  • As a result, the sensation of pain and irritation decreases and we get some relief.

  • Such a reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization.

  • In neutralization, both acidic and basic solutions neutralize the effect of each other.

  • The nature of both acids and bases gets destroyed.

  • Hey, Wait.

  • What are you doing?

  • Don't tease that insect.

  • It is not a honey bee.

  • It looks similar to a honey bee but it is a bit longer.

  • It is called a wasp.

  • At least this time listen to me.

  • Okay.

  • Don't listen and bear the consequences.

  • Applying the baking soda is not going to help.

  • See, nothing is happening.

  • I will tell you what to do.

  • Pour this vinegar on the stung area, you will get some relief.

  • Why do you think the baking soda solution did not help in this case?

  • Earlier, in case of the honey bee, we learnt that its venom is acidic.

  • Hence, baking soda, being a basic solution helped to neutralize the effect.

  • Now, in case of a wasp, the nature of its venom is basic.

  • When it stings us, it injects that venom into our skin.

  • This venom causes us pain and itching.

  • Now, baking soda is also a basic solution.

  • Hence, it will not provide any sort of relief.

  • However, when we pour vinegar, which is a mild acid, on the stung area.

  • The acid, that is, vinegar and the base, that is, the wasp's venom get neutralized.

  • As a result, the sensation of pain and itching decreases and we feel better.

  • Topic: Human bones.

  • How does a bone heal?

  • Simple, by a bandage.

  • No.

  • Bones are one of the most important parts of our body.

  • They not only provide structural support but also produce red blood cells.

  • What?

  • Our bones produce red blood cells?

  • Absolutely.

  • Hence, when we crack or break a bone, it is very important to heal it.

  • In the healing process, cells called chondrocytes produce collagen which forms cartilage.

  • This cartilage bridges the gap between the broken bones, thus producing a soft callus.

  • Then,

  • Special cells called osteoblasts create a hard bony callus using collagen.

  • Minerals like calcium and phosphorus, thus forming our new bone.

  • However, this new bone is irregular in shape.

  • Hence, cells called osteoclasts start remodelling the bone.

  • Resulting in the formation of bone similar to the original shape.

  • Why do dogs lick their wounds?

  • Dogs including animals like cats, chimpanzees, rodents, etc.

  • Don't have access to a proper medical treatment.

  • Hence, a little licking helps to heal and clean the wound.

  • What?

  • But how?

  • When dogs lick, they apply saliva on their wounds.

  • This saliva has antiviral and antibacterial compounds like an enzyme called lysozyme.

  • Lysozyme destroys cell walls of certain bacteria and helps kill them, thus preventing infection.

  • The saliva also contains a protein called tissue factor.

  • Which promotes blood clotting and thus stops bleeding.

  • Besides this, licking also removes dirt from the wound.

  • So, dogs should always lick their wounds.

  • No.

  • Excess licking is not beneficial.

  • This is because a dog's saliva can also contain harmful pathogens.

  • They could aggravate the wound and make it more painful.

  • Hence, nowadays, dogs are made to wear an Elizabethan collar to prevent them from licking.

  • Why do we have different time zones?

  • Bcause we have different watches.

  • No.

  • Our earth rotates on its own axis.

  • Due to this rotation, different parts of the earth receive different amounts of sunlight,

  • Thus causing morning, noon, evening and night.

  • Now, if we had one time zone, then 12 pm would be noon at some places, but it would be night.

  • Or evening at other places which would be inconvenient.

  • Hence, scientists made different time zones according to the earth's rotation with respect to the sun.

  • But how?

  • The earth makes one full 360 degrees rotation in 24 hours.

  • This means in one hour, the earth moves by 15 degrees.

  • Using this information, scientist divided the planet into 24 sections or time zones.

  • Each section or region was about 15 degrees wide and had a specific standard time.

  • This helped us know the proper time of the day in that part of the earth.

It's AumSum Time

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