Vocabulary

• cross over: To go from one side of something to the other.
• over to: Used to hand over to someone else to speak
• at the risk of: Used to introduce a statement that may offend or be criticized.
• in the hope of: With the expectation or desire for something to happen.
• in the ground: Located within or beneath the surface of the earth.
• up against: Facing or contending with something difficult or challenging.
• engage in: To participate or become involved in something.
• deprivation: State of lacking something needed
• tough: (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
• vital: Needed to support life; essential
• engage: To start to fight with an enemy
• debate: General public discussion of a topic
• profound: Requiring deep thought; difficult to understand
• desperate: Being beyond hope; prepared to do anything
• determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
• practical: Relating to what is sensible, real or useful
• skeptical: Doubting that something is true/probable/useful
• force: Group of persons trained for military action; army
• claim: To say that something is true, often without proof.
• legacy: Literature, arts etc. from previous generations
• navigate: To direct (car, plane etc.) in the right direction
• criticism: Article or essay that judges quality
• afford: To make available, to provide
• rare: (Of meat) cooked, but still red and juicy
• sustain: To lengthen or continue to do something
• address: Exact street location of a place
• require: To demand that someone does something
• asylum: Allowing persecuted people to stay in your country
• apply: To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
• rigorous: Very strict and often difficult; thorough
• labor: To struggle to do something because it's difficult
• rhetoric: The study of public speaking or writing techniques
• risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
• application: Software program, e.g. for smart phone
• lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
• flee: To leave somewhere urgently, to avoid danger
• economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
• treatment: Medicine or method to make someone healthier
• stream: To send a constant flow of data over the internet
• receive: To get something someone has given or sent to you
• foreign: Being of a different place or country
• previously: At an earlier time
• regularly: At the usual time each day, week, or month
• inflict: To make someone endure (something bad)
• century: Period of 100 years
• immigrant: Person moving to another country to live there
• welfare: Program to help poor/unemployed people with money
• plight: Difficult situation
• contest: Struggle or competition between rivals
• fortunate: Having good luck
• own: To have something as your property
• rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
• exploitation: Abuse of, or selfish behavior towards someone
• slavery: State or condition of being a slave
• migrant: Person moving to live and work in another place
• expel: To force a person to leave a place or organization
• migration: Process of moving to live in another place
• continuously: Without stops, breaks, or an end
• respective: Belonging to each of two or more persons or things
• carry: To have a child, be pregnant
• unemployment: Number of people without jobs in a country
• signify: To mean something; be a symbol of something
• travel: To go to a place that is far away
• come: To arrive at a place
• imperialism: Political system in which one country rules others
• visa: Authorization to enter a foreign country
• diabetic: Concerning diabetes; suffering from diabetes
• deport: To force a person to leave a country
• populism: Naive political doctrine typical of common people
• upend: To overturn or turn up on end
• colonialism: System in which a country controls a colony