- Hello, everyone, and welcome back to English with Lucy.

Today, I've got a video that I've never really done before.

I've never really spoken about writing, as far as I know.

So, this one has been highly requested.

I know a lot of you are doing your IELTS exams,

so I have got seven top tips

that are going to help you improve your writing.

Quickly, before we get started, I'd just like to thank

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Let's get started with the lesson.

So, my first tip for improving your writing

is keep it simple.

Now, I know this seems really, really obvious,

but I always say to my students simple done accurately

is better than complicated done inaccurately.

In other words, it's better to keep things simple

and do it well, rather than over-complicate everything

and do it badly.

So, in English writing exams,

you want to show off your English,

but you want to show off your accurate English,

not all this English that you don't know

or haven't learnt yet.

Now, that leads me on to point number two.

In order to avoid making mistakes in your writing,

it's a really, really good idea

to have a collection of set phrases and keywords

that you can use in that exam.

So, my tip number two is prepare key phrases.

Now, you do have to be careful with this.

You don't want to rehearse what you're going to write,

but you do want to have a nice selection of things

that you could possible say if the time arises.

Now, especially on the IELTS exam,

and I know a lot of you are studying for this

but this really goes for any academic writing exam,

you want to have linking words and key phrases prepared.

Now I'm going to give you a list

with two examples for each point.

It doesn't cover everything that you need to know,

but if you study everything in the list,

you will be much, much more prepared

for your English writing exam.

So, pay attention, and if there's any point that you think,

"I really could expand on that,"

go and do your research, and prepare yourself.

You want to make sure that you have a variety

of different ways to ...

compare: "in the same way," "at the same time,"

contrast: "on the contrary," "however,"

give examples: "for instance," "to illustrate,"

give your opinion: "from my perspective,"

"from my point of view,"

generalise: "overall," "all things considered,"

to express certainty: "undoubtedly," "of course,"

to express partial agreement: "in a way," "to some extent,"

to show cause: "owing to," "due to,"

to show effect: "for this reason," "consequently,"

to mark time: "to begin with," "following this,"

to add information: "furthermore," "moreover,"

to express condition: "unless," "provided that,"

and to conclude: "in summary," "in short."

So that's just a very brief list

showing you exactly what you need to study

to be fully prepared for any English writing exam.

Now, point number three, and definitely,

definitely, definitely for academic writing,

i.e. English tests or university pieces,

do not use contractions.

Or is that don't use contractions?

So, cannot to can't,

do not to don't,

shall not to shan't,

I am to I'm, these are all examples of contractions,

and in your writing exams you want to avoid these.

I know that you guys really, really, really

want to keep your word count down

because you are restricted,

and you want to show off as much as you possibly can,

but I've got lots of tips for reducing your word count

coming up, so make sure that you do not feel tempted

to include contractions in your academic writing.

So, tip number four, reduce your word count.

Use as few words as possible.

Completely contradictory, because I've just told you

that you should not use contractions.

But I've got some really, really good mini tips

within this big tip to help you keep your word count down

and your English level up.

The first one is avoid these dead weight words

like "very," "so," "a lot," "really."

I have mentioned this before in a video,

but if you want to show off your English,

avoid these; they're pointless.

They are empty calories in English.

Replace them, instead, with a strong word.

So instead of saying "really happy,"

I would say, "I am elated."

Instead of saying "so scared," I would say "terrified."

Okay?

So, by using strong words and avoiding these boring words,

you can reduce your word count by a fair bit.

Now, another way to really reduce your word count

but really improve the quality of your writing

is avoiding "there is" and "there are."

We want everything to be as clear as possible,

and sometimes "there is" and "there are"

can act as fillers; they add extra words to our sentences.

So, I'm going to give you an example

so you can see this and bear it in mind

next time you're doing an academic piece of writing.

Sentence one: there are many problems that we may encounter.

There are many problems that we may encounter.

Sentence two: We may encounter many problems.

We may encounter many problems.

The first sentence has eight words.

The second sentence has five words.

You have reduced your word count, and you have increased

the quality and the clarity of your writing.

So, make sure you apply this in your next exam.

Number five, read ...

the right documents.

Read the right pieces of writing.

I know many of you like to read in your spare time,

you like to do it for fun,

and a lot of you will read books in English,

which is amazing for improving you spelling

and improving your vocabulary as well.

But if you're trying to get a good score

in an academic writing exam,

you might not be reading the right kind of thing.

Look at the potential pieces of writing

that they're going to ask you to do.

Are they asking you to write article, reports, essays?

Maybe they're asking you to write all three.

If they are, read all three.

You need to go online or go to your library

and read articles, read reports,

read essays, read reviews.

Do everything you can to familiarise yourselves

with all the styles of writing.

Number six is one that you will have heard in school

so many times; but, I've worked as a teacher

for many, many years, and I get so frustrated

with silly, stupid mistakes

that I know that my students know.

They don't make these mistakes when they're speaking,

so why do they make them when they're writing?

So many times I've gone and I've prepared a lesson

because I've seen that there were some very clear mistakes

in my students' writing.

And I prepare a lesson to correct this mistake,

and when I go to teach it they say,

"But teacher, we already know this; this is baby stuff."

And it's because they don't check their work.