Vocabulary

  • thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
  • on earth: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • in the open: Publicly; not secret.
  • at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
  • complete with: Having something as an extra part or feature.
  • same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
  • pile up: To put things on top of each other to form a pile
  • in ways: In a manner or by methods that.
  • contrary to: In opposition to; against.
  • catch on: To become popular; start to be used
  • pour out: To serve a drink by letting it flow from a container.
  • butt in: To impolitely interrupt (conversation, action)
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • tv show: A television program.
  • talk about it: To discuss a particular subject.
  • around the world: In or to many countries.
  • for the world: Used to emphasize something would never happen.
  • literally: In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
  • access: Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
  • trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
  • basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
  • crap: Impolite way of saying something is not good; Faeces
  • progress: To move forward or toward a place or goal
  • obsession: Irrational motive for performing certain actions
  • coincidence: Occurrence by chance, not design or planned
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • estimate: Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
  • plague: To cause to have continual problems with something
  • society: A group who meet to share values or interests
  • innovation: Process of creating new ideas or inventions
  • involve: To have or be included as a part of something
  • innate: Being part of something's nature
  • evolutionary: Concerning gradual change over time
  • diarrhea: Frequent and watery bowel movements
  • settle: To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
  • sewage: Waste matter/excrement carried away in sewers
  • stink: To smell terrible
  • pile: Large amount of something
  • taboo: Not being accepted by customs or society
  • empty: Containing nothing; with no contents
  • persist: To continue a course of action despite opposition
  • infection: (Computers) Having a computer virus
  • sanitation: Water systems that protect people's health
  • literal: Being the basic exact meaning of a word/expression
  • agriculture: The science of farming
  • waste: To kill or severely harm someone
  • rotten: Gone bad; broken into pieces through dying
  • flush: Feeling that comes suddenly
  • biological: Being related to life and living things
  • revolutionize: To completely change so that it is much better
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • cluster: To come together in a group, flock etc.
  • dehydration: The state of not having enough water
  • privileged: Having advantages given to only certain people
  • point: An item to be discussed
  • modern: Of the present time; up to date; contemporary
  • fill: To make something full
  • poop: Feces
  • malaria: Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito
  • bill: Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
  • necessity: Something that you must have or do
  • sewer: Underground pipe that removes water and waste
  • porcelain: Shiny, delicate substance used to make dishes
  • invent: To create something such as a story or excuse
  • believe: To think or accept that something is true
  • pump: To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
  • aromatic: (Of herbs, etc.) with a strong, but pleasant smell
  • human: A person; a man, woman or child
  • world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • life: All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
  • expansion: Making or becoming larger
  • death: When someone dies; the end of life
  • erase: To remove data in computer memory, tape, etc.
  • earth: Wire connecting an electrical device to the ground
  • people: Persons sharing culture, country, background, etc.
  • disproportionately: To too great a degree when compared to something
  • health: (Person, company) being in a good condition; well
  • street: Road in a city with buildings and places to walk
  • long: Person's name
  • taint: To hurt or damage the good condition of something
  • toilet: Room where you go to urinate or excrete; bathroom
  • cholera: Fatal disease from drinking dirty water
  • overflow: (Liquid) to flow over the edge of something
  • downstream: In the direction of a stream's current
  • poo: Feces
  • airbus: Jet airliner build by the Airbus Group
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • access

      US /ˈæksɛs/

      UK /'ækses/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Way to enter a place, e.g. a station or stadium
      • The opportunity or right to use something or to see someone.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be able to use or have permission to use
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • agriculture

      US /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃɚ/

      UK /ˈægrɪkʌltʃə(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The science of farming
      • The study of farming and related sciences.
      A2
      More
    • airbus

      US /'erbʌs/

      UK /'eəbʌs/

      • Proper Noun
      • Jet airliner build by the Airbus Group
      C2
      More
    • aromatic

      US /ˌærəˈmætɪk/

      UK /ˌærəˈmætɪk/

      • Adjective
      • (Of herbs, etc.) with a strong, but pleasant smell
      C1
      More
    • around the world

      US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/

      UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • In or to many countries.
      • In various places throughout the world.
      A2
      More
    • at the same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
      • Nevertheless; however; used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement.
      A1
      More
    • basically

      US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/

      UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • Used before you explain something simply, clearly
      • In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
      A2
      More
    • bill

      US /bɪl/

      UK /bɪl/

      • Noun
      • Plan for a new law being discussed by a government
      • Sign or poster advertising something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To request payment by handing over an invoice
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • biological

      US /ˌbaɪəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/

      UK /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Being related to life and living things
      • A substance, such as a detergent, that contains enzymes.
      B1
      More
    • butt in

      US /bʌt ɪn/

      UK /bʌt in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To impolitely interrupt (conversation, action)
      B2
      More
    • catch on

      US /kætʃ ɑn/

      UK /kætʃ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To become popular; start to be used
      • To get the idea of; suddenly understand
      A1
      More
    • cholera

      US /ˈkɑlərə/

      UK /ˈkɒlərə/

      • Noun
      • Fatal disease from drinking dirty water
      B2
      More
    • cluster

      US /ˈklʌstɚ/

      UK /'klʌstə(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To come together in a group, flock etc.
      • Countable Noun
      • A small group of things
      B1
      More
    • coincidence

      US /koʊˈɪnsɪdəns/

      UK /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Occurrence by chance, not design or planned
      • State in which two ideas or opinions are the same
      B1
      More
    • complete with

      US /kəmˈplit wɪð/

      UK /kəmˈpli:t wið/

      • Phrase
      • Having something as an extra part or feature.
      A1
      More
    • contrary to

      US /ˈkɑnˌtrɛri tu/

      UK /ˈkɔntrəri tu:/

      • Preposition
      • In opposition to; against.
      • Differing from; not in agreement with.
      A1
      More
    • death

      US /dɛθ/

      UK /deθ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • When someone dies; the end of life
      • The cause or manner of someone dying.
      A2
      More
    • dehydration

      US /ˌdihaɪˈdreʃən/

      UK /ˌdi:haɪ'dreɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The state of not having enough water
      C2
      More
    • diarrhea

      US /ˌdaɪəˈriə/

      UK /ˌdaɪə'rɪə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Frequent and watery bowel movements
      • Frequent and watery bowel movements
      C1
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • disproportionately

      US /ˌdɪsprə'pɔ:ʃənətlɪ/

      UK /ˌdɪsprə'pɔ:ʃənətlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • To too great a degree when compared to something
      • To an excessive degree; in a way that is not properly balanced.
      B2
      More
    • downstream

      US /ˈdaʊnˌstrim/

      UK /ˌdaʊn'stri:m/

      • Adverb
      • In the direction of a stream's current
      C1
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • erase

      US /ɪˈreɪs/

      UK /ɪˈreɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To remove data in computer memory, tape, etc.
      • To remove written information by mistake
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • estimate

      US /ˈɛstəˌmet/

      UK /'estɪmət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
      • A judgment or opinion.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of
      • To form an approximate idea or judgment of.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • evolutionary

      US /ˌiːvəˈluːʃəneri/

      UK /ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃənri/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning gradual change over time
      B2
      More
    • expansion

      US /ɪkˈspænʃən/

      UK /ɪkˈspænʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Making or becoming larger
      • The process of increasing in size, number, or scope, especially in a business context.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • flush

      US /flʌʃ/

      UK /flʌʃ/

      • Noun
      • Feeling that comes suddenly
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To redden in the face due to emotion
      B1
      More
    • for the world

      US /fɚ ðə wɝld/

      UK /fə ðə wɜ:ld/

      • other
      • Used to emphasize something would never happen.
      B2
      More
    • in the open

      US /ɪn ði ˈopən/

      UK /in ðə ˈəupən/

      • Phrase
      • Publicly; not secret.
      • Outdoors; not inside a building or covered space.
      A1
      More
    • in ways

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In a manner or by methods that.
      • In certain respects or aspects.
      A1
      More
    • infection

      US /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/

      UK /ɪnˈfekʃn/

      • Noun
      • (Computers) Having a computer virus
      • Making or becoming sick with a bacteria/virus
      A2
      More
    • innate

      US /ɪˈneɪt/

      UK /ɪˈneɪt/

      • Adjective
      • Being part of something's nature
      • Present (in a person) from birth
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • innovation

      US /ˌɪnəˈveʃən/

      UK /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Process of creating new ideas or inventions
      • A new thing or method that is introduced.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • invent

      US /ɪnˈvɛnt/

      UK /ɪnˈvent/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To create something such as a story or excuse
      • To create something useful for the first time
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • involve

      US /ɪnˈvɑlv/

      UK /ɪn'vɒlv/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To have or be included as a part of something
      • To cause (a person or group) to take part in an event or activity.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • literal

      US /ˈlɪtərəl/

      UK /ˈlɪtərəl/

      • Adjective
      • Being the basic exact meaning of a word/expression
      • Being real and true and without exaggerating
      B1
      More
    • literally

      US /ˈlɪtərəli/

      UK

      • Adverb
      • In a literal manner or sense; exactly as stated.
      • Used for emphasis to describe something that is actually true, often to highlight surprise or intensity.
      B1
      More
    • malaria

      US /məˈlɛriə/

      UK /məˈleəriə/

      • Noun
      • Disease caused by being bitten by a mosquito
      B2
      More
    • necessity

      US /nəˈsɛsɪti/

      UK /nəˈsesəti/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Something that you must have or do
      • The state of being forced to do something because it is required.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • obsession

      US /əbˈsɛʃən, ɑb-/

      UK /əb'seʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Irrational motive for performing certain actions
      • An idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind
      B2
      More
    • on earth

      US /ɑn ɚθ/

      UK /ɔn ə:θ/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise or anger.
      • Used to emphasize that something is not possible or will not happen.
      A1
      More
    • overflow

      US /ˌovɚˈflo/

      UK /ˌəʊvə'fləʊ/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • (Liquid) to flow over the edge of something
      • Noun
      • Place where liquids flow over or out
      • An excess of something; an amount beyond what can be held.
      B2
      More
    • persist

      US /pɚˈsɪst, -ˈzɪst/

      UK /pə'sɪst/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To continue a course of action despite opposition
      • To continue to exist or occur beyond the usual, expected, or desired time.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • pile

      US /paɪl/

      UK /paɪl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Large amount of something
      • Group of things one on top of another
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • (E.g. of problems) to increase; get more or worse
      • To place things on top of each other; to heap up.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • pile up

      US /paɪl ʌp/

      UK /pail ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To put things on top of each other to form a pile
      • To increase in quantity or amount.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To accumulate or increase in quantity.
      B1
      More
    • plague

      US /pleɡ/

      UK /pleɪɡ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause to have continual problems with something
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • (Deadly) disease passing rapidly between people
      • An unusually large number of insects or animals infesting a place and causing damage.
      B1
      More
    • poo

      US

      UK

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feces
      C2
      More
    • poop

      US /pup/

      UK /pu:p/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feces
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To defecate
      C2
      More
    • porcelain

      US /ˈpɔrsəlɪn, ˈpor-, ˈpɔrslɪn, ˈpors-/

      UK /ˈpɔ:səlɪn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Shiny, delicate substance used to make dishes
      • Countable Noun
      • An object made of porcelain.
      C1
      More
    • pour out

      US /pɔr aʊt/

      UK /pɔ: aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To serve a drink by letting it flow from a container.
      • To express your feelings freely and openly.
      B1
      More
    • privileged

      US /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd, ˈprɪvlɪdʒd/

      UK /'prɪvəlɪdʒd/

      • Adjective
      • Having advantages given to only certain people
      • Protected by legal privilege.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To give advantages to some people not others
      B1
      More
    • progress

      US /ˈprɑɡˌrɛs, -rəs, ˈproˌɡrɛs/

      UK /'prəʊɡres/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To move forward or toward a place or goal
      • To make progress; develop or improve.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of moving forward
      • The process of improving or developing something over a period of time.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • pump

      US /pʌmp/

      UK /pʌmp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
      • To make water/other liquid move using a machine
      • Noun
      • A device more moving liquids
      • Light woman's shoe
      B1
      More
    • revolutionize

      US /revəˈluːʃəˌnaɪz/

      UK /ˌrevə'lu:ʃənaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To completely change so that it is much better
      B1
      More
    • rotten

      US /ˈrɑtn/

      UK /'rɒtn/

      • Adjective
      • Gone bad; broken into pieces through dying
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
      • At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
      • Noun
      • An equal duration or period.
      A1
      More
    • sanitation

      US /ˌsænɪˈteʃən/

      UK /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Water systems that protect people's health
      C1
      More
    • settle

      US /ˈsɛtl/

      UK /'setl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make (a child, etc.) feel calm/ready for sleep
      • To complete or finalize e.g. a contract or debt
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To become accustomed to a new environment
      • (Of liquids) to move to the bottom of a container
      A2
      More
    • sewage

      US /ˈsuɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈsu:ɪdʒ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Waste matter/excrement carried away in sewers
      B2
      More
    • sewer

      US /ˈsuɚ/

      UK /ˈsu:ə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Underground pipe that removes water and waste
      B2
      More
    • society

      US /səˈsaɪɪti/

      UK /sə'saɪətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A group who meet to share values or interests
      • Group of people living together
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • stink

      US /stɪŋk/

      UK /stɪŋk/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To smell terrible
      B2
      More
    • taboo

      US /təˈbu, tæ-/

      UK /təˈbu:/

      • Adjective
      • Not being accepted by customs or society
      • Transitive Verb
      • To not allow something
      B2
      More
    • taint

      US /tent/

      UK /teɪnt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To hurt or damage the good condition of something
      • Noun
      • A trace of something bad or undesirable.
      • A state of being contaminated or morally corrupted.
      B2
      More
    • talk about it

      US /tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt/

      UK /tɔ:k əˈbaut it/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To discuss a particular subject.
      A1
      More
    • thanks to

      US /θæŋks tu/

      UK /θæŋks tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; as a result of.
      A1
      More
    • toilet

      US /'tɔɪlət/

      UK /ˈtɔɪlət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Room where you go to urinate or excrete; bathroom
      • A fixture in a bathroom used for urination and defecation.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To wash and take care of your body
      A2
      More
    • trigger

      US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/

      UK /'trɪɡə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
      • Device that starts a process
      • Transitive Verb
      • To start a process off e.g. a memory
      • To cause something to begin or happen.
      B1
      More
    • tv show

      US /ˈtiˈvi ʃo/

      UK /ˈti:ˈvi: ʃəu/

      • Noun
      • A television program.
      More
    • waste

      US /west/

      UK /weɪst/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To kill or severely harm someone
      • To use valuable things ineffectively
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Materials left over after a process has finished
      A2TOEIC
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B2US
    #toilet#cholera#sanitation#poop#melinda#disease

    How The Toilet Changed History

    0
    PC home posted on 2017/08/29
    Ever wondered how the humble toilet shaped civilization? This fascinating video dives into the surprising history of sanitation, revealing its massive impact on public health and global development. You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary related to hygiene and history while learning about this essential topic!

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