Vocabulary

  • together with: In addition to; along with.
  • in red: Marked or written using the colour red.
  • around the world: In or to many countries.
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • fight off: To defend a position, often violently
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • come up with: To think of an idea or solution; produce
  • figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • next to: Being located along side another
  • interact with
  • break in: To wear new (shoes, etc.) to make them comfortable
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • genetic information: Hereditary information encoded in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of an organism.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • in the first place: To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
  • rely on: To depend on someone or something
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • know about: To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
  • cut out: To leave out of something, e.g. a social event
  • out of date: Expired; too old to be used
  • work on: To devote effort to improve or develop something
  • turn into: To change to become something else
  • close by: Near in distance; nearby.
  • of interest: Relevant or important to someone or something.
  • on the horizon: About to happen; approaching.
  • in the future: At a later time; in times to come.
  • recognize: To accept the truth or reality of something
  • figure: To appear in a game, play or event
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
  • acquire: To get or earn something by thinking or working
  • structure: The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way
  • experiment: Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
  • integrate: To combine together; make into one thing
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • molecule: Two or more atoms chemically combined
  • protein: Group of molecules made from amino acids
  • interfere: To get involved in something not your business
  • ability: The power, resources or skill to do something
  • bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • viral: Of or caused by a virus
  • field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
  • component: One of the parts that something is made up of
  • hypothesis: A theory trying to explain something
  • function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
  • mutation: Change that changes genetic structure
  • sequence: Part of a movie showing one part of the story
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • involve: To have or be included as a part of something
  • require: To demand that someone does something
  • direct: To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
  • reaction: Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
  • introduce: To open an essay to set the scene
  • genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
  • break: To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
  • project: To predict what will happen in the future
  • recognition: Accepting that something is true or that it exists
  • organism: Living thing, often one that is small
  • enzyme: A protein made by cells
  • rely: Depend on with full trust or confidence
  • single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
  • notice: To become aware by sight, touch, or hearing
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • program: To make someone act or think in a certain way
  • amplify: To increase the effect of something
  • basic: At the most important or easiest (beginner) level
  • virus: File secretly put on computers to cause harm
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • bacterium: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • explosion: Loud and sudden expression of emotion
  • laboratory: A place to do scientific experiments
  • know: To be familiar with a person or place, thing
  • strand: Long part of a rope, someone's hair, etc.
  • interesting: Taking your attention; making you want to know
  • nifty: Very good or useful; clever; effective
  • cleavage: The narrow space between a woman's breasts, that is seen when she wears a piece of clothing that does not cover the top of them
  • side: To decide to agree with one point, not the other
  • chromosome: Cell structures that carry the genetic material
  • genome: Complete set of genetic material in an organism
  • lab: Short for 'laboratory'
  • molecular: About or caused by molecules
  • circular: Shaped like a circle or part of a circle
  • incubation: Development in a particular environment
  • engineering: The practical application of science to industry
  • datum: Item of factual information
  • programmable: Able to be written in computer code
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • ability

      US /əˈbɪlɪti/

      UK /ə'bɪlətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The power, resources or skill to do something
      • A particular skill or talent.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • acquire

      US /əˈkwaɪr/

      UK /ə'kwaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To get or earn something by thinking or working
      • To develop or learn a skill, habit, or quality.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • amplify

      US /ˈæmpləˌfaɪ/

      UK /'æmplɪfaɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To increase the effect of something
      • To add more details to a story or something said
      B2
      More
    • around the world

      US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/

      UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • In or to many countries.
      • In various places throughout the world.
      A2
      More
    • bacteria

      US /bækˈtɪriə/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/

      • Noun (plural)
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • bacterium

      US /bækˈtɪriəm/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪəm/

      • Countable Noun
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • break in

      US /brek ɪn/

      UK /breik in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To wear new (shoes, etc.) to make them comfortable
      • To interrupt someone's conversation, task
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To interrupt a conversation or activity.
      • To wear something new until it becomes comfortable.
      A1
      More
    • chromosome

      US /ˈkroʊməsoʊm/

      UK /ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/

      • Noun
      • Cell structures that carry the genetic material
      C2
      More
    • circular

      US /ˈsɜ:rkjələ(r)/

      UK /ˈsɜ:kjələ(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Shaped like a circle or part of a circle
      • Noun
      • Paper with news, ads, etc. sent round to people
      B2
      More
    • cleavage

      US /ˈklivɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈkli:vɪdʒ/

      • Noun
      • The narrow space between a woman's breasts, that is seen when she wears a piece of clothing that does not cover the top of them
      B2
      More
    • close by

      US /kloz baɪ/

      UK /kləuz bai/

      • Adverb
      • Near in distance; nearby.
      • Phrase
      • In a position or location that is near.
      A2
      More
    • come up with

      US /kʌm ʌp wɪð/

      UK /kʌm ʌp wið/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To think of an idea or solution; produce
      A1
      More
    • component

      US /kəmˈponənt/

      UK /kəmˈpəʊnənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of the parts that something is made up of
      • A constituent part; ingredient.
      • Adjective
      • Being a part of something
      A2
      More
    • cut out

      US /kʌt aʊt/

      UK /kʌt aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To leave out of something, e.g. a social event
      • To cut something from, e.g. a picture from a book
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To stop doing or using something.
      • To be naturally suited or fitted for something.
      A1
      More
    • datum

      US /ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm/

      UK /ˈdeɪtəm/

      • Noun
      • Item of factual information
      B1
      More
    • direct

      US /dɪˈrɛkt, daɪ-/

      UK /də'rekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To tell someone in a very clear way to do something
      • To show the way by conducting or leading
      • Adverb
      • Coming straight from something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • engineering

      US /ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ/

      UK /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The practical application of science to industry
      B1
      More
    • enzyme

      US /ˈɛnzaɪm/

      UK /ˈenzaɪm/

      • Noun
      • A protein made by cells
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • experiment

      US /ɪkˈspɛrəmənt/

      UK /ɪk'sperɪmənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
      • A course of action tentatively adopted without being sure of the eventual outcome.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To create and perform tests to research something
      • To try something new that you haven't tried before
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • explosion

      US /ɪkˈsploʒən/

      UK /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Loud and sudden expression of emotion
      • Sudden increase of something
      B1
      More
    • fight off

      US /faɪt ɔf/

      UK /fait ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To defend a position, often violently
      • To resist or struggle to get rid of an illness or negative feeling.
      A1
      More
    • figure out

      US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/

      UK /ˈfiɡə aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To understand the behavior of someone
      • To think through logically to find a solution
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To understand or find an answer to something.
      • To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
      A1
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • function

      US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

      UK /'fʌŋkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Social event, or party such as a wedding
      • Mathematical operation used in calculations
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To serve a certain purpose or role
      • To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • genetic

      US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/

      UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
      • Relating to genes or heredity.
      B1
      More
    • genetic information

      US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk ˌɪnfɚˈmeʃən/

      UK /dʒiˈnetik ˌɪnfəˈmeiʃən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Hereditary information encoded in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of an organism.
      More
    • genome

      US /ˈdʒi:noʊm/

      UK /ˈdʒi:nəʊm/

      • Noun
      • Complete set of genetic material in an organism
      B2
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • hypothesis

      US /haɪˈpɑθɪsɪs/

      UK /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/

      • Noun
      • A theory trying to explain something
      • A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
      B1
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in red

      US /ɪn rɛd/

      UK /in red/

      • Phrase
      • Marked or written using the colour red.
      • Adjective
      • Operating at a financial loss; in debt.
      More
    • in the first place

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
      • From the beginning; initially.
      A1
      More
    • in the future

      US /ɪn ði ˈfjutʃɚ/

      UK /in ðə ˈfju:tʃə/

      • Phrase
      • At a later time; in times to come.
      A1
      More
    • incubation

      US /ˌɪnkjəˈbeʃən, ˌɪŋ-/

      UK /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Development in a particular environment
      • Keeping eggs warm until hatched
      B2
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • integrate

      US /ˈɪntɪˌɡret/

      UK /ˈɪntɪgreɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To combine together; make into one thing
      • To bring (people or groups with particular characteristics or needs) into equal participation in or membership of a social group or institution.
      A2
      More
    • interact with

      US /ˌɪntɚˈækt wɪð/

      UK /ˌɪntərˈækt wið/

      • Phrase
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To engage in communication or action involving mutual or reciprocal influence.
      • To use a computer interface to achieve a specific goal.
      A2
      More
    • interfere

      US /ˌɪntɚˈfɪr/

      UK /ˌɪntə'fɪə(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To get involved in something not your business
      • Transitive Verb
      • To prevent a process or activity from continuing or being carried out properly.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • involve

      US /ɪnˈvɑlv/

      UK /ɪn'vɒlv/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To have or be included as a part of something
      • To cause (a person or group) to take part in an event or activity.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • know about

      US /noʊ əˈbaʊt/

      UK /nəʊ əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have information or understanding of a subject or situation.
      More
    • lab

      US /læb/

      UK /læb/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Short for 'laboratory'
      B1
      More
    • laboratory

      US /ˈlæbrəˌtɔri, -ˌtori/

      UK /lə'bɒrətrɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A place to do scientific experiments
      • A place where tests are done for medical diagnosis.
      B1
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • molecular

      US /məˈlɛkjəlɚ/

      UK /mə'lekjələ(r)/

      • Adjective
      • About or caused by molecules
      B2
      More
    • molecule

      US /ˈmɑlɪˌkjul/

      UK /ˈmɒlɪkju:l/

      • Noun
      • Two or more atoms chemically combined
      B2
      More
    • multiple

      US /ˈmʌltəpəl/

      UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/

      • Adjective
      • Having or involving more than one of something
      • Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
      • Countable Noun
      • Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
      • A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
      B1
      More
    • mutation

      US /mjuˈteʃən/

      UK /mju:'teɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Change that changes genetic structure
      B2
      More
    • next to

      US /nɛkst tu/

      UK /nekst tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Being located along side another
      • In comparison with
      • Adverb
      • Almost; nearly
      A1
      More
    • nifty

      US /ˈnɪfti/

      UK /'nɪftɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Very good or useful; clever; effective
      C1
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • of interest

      US /əv ˈɪntrɪst/

      UK /əv ˈɪntrəst/

      • other
      • Relevant or important to someone or something.
      B2
      More
    • on the horizon

      US

      UK

      • Idiom
      • About to happen; approaching.
      A1
      More
    • organism

      US /ˈɔrɡəˌnɪzəm/

      UK /'ɔ:ɡənɪzəm/

      • Noun
      • Living thing, often one that is small
      • System with many parts that function as a whole
      B2
      More
    • out of date

      US /aʊt ʌv det/

      UK /aut ɔv deit/

      • Adjective
      • Expired; too old to be used
      • Not fashionable; old fashioned
      C2
      More
    • programmable

      US /ˈproʊɡræməbl/

      UK /ˈprəʊgræməbl/

      • Adjective
      • Able to be written in computer code
      B1
      More
    • protein

      US /ˈprəʊˌtiːn/

      UK /ˈprəʊti:n/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Group of molecules made from amino acids
      B1
      More
    • reaction

      US /riˈækʃən/

      UK /rɪ'ækʃn/

      • Noun
      • Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
      • Feeling or action in response to something
      A2
      More
    • recognition

      US /ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/

      UK /ˌrekəgˈnɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Accepting that something is true or that it exists
      • Considering something as important or special
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • recognize

      US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To accept the truth or reality of something
      • To consider something as important or special
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rely

      US /rɪˈlaɪ/

      UK /rɪ'laɪ/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • Depend on with full trust or confidence
      • To trust or have confidence in someone.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • rely on

      US /rɪˈlaɪ ɑn/

      UK /riˈlai ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To depend on someone or something
      A2
      More
    • require

      US /rɪˈkwaɪr/

      UK /rɪ'kwaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demand that someone does something
      • To need to do something, to make it necessary
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sequence

      US /ˈsikwəns, -ˌkwɛns/

      UK /'si:kwəns/

      • Noun
      • Part of a movie showing one part of the story
      • A particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To arrange things in an order they should happen
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • strand

      US /strænd/

      UK /strænd/

      • Countable Noun
      • Long part of a rope, someone's hair, etc.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause to be stuck or trapped somewhere
      B2
      More
    • structure

      US /ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ/

      UK /ˈstrʌk.tʃə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way
      • A building or other man-made object.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • together with

      US /təˈɡɛðɚ wɪð/

      UK /təˈɡeðə wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; along with.
      • Including; as well as.
      A1
      More
    • turn into

      US /tɚn ˈɪntu/

      UK /tə:n ˈɪntuː/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To change to become something else
      • To change your direction to go into a place
      A1
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • viral

      US /ˈvaɪrəl/

      UK /ˈvaɪrəl/

      • Adjective
      • Of or caused by a virus
      • Becoming very popular by circulating quickly from person to person, especially through the Internet.
      B2
      More
    • virus

      US /ˈvaɪrəs/

      UK /'vaɪrəs/

      • Noun
      • File secretly put on computers to cause harm
      • Living organism that causes disease or sickness
      B1
      More
    • work on

      US /wɚk ɑn/

      UK /wə:k ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To devote effort to improve or develop something
      • To try to persuade or influence someone.
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B2US
    #dna#rna#crispr#protein#stranded#generate

    Jennifer Doudna (UC Berkeley / HHMI): Genome Engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

    0
    小吳 posted on 2017/03/20
    Ever wondered how scientists can edit DNA? This fascinating talk by Nobel laureate Jennifer Doudna dives deep into the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 technology, explaining its genome engineering power and incredible biotech applications. You'll pick up advanced vocabulary and complex sentence structures used in cutting-edge science!

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