Name: Jennifer Doudna (UC Berkeley / HHMI): Genome Engineering with CRISPR-Cas9
Uploaded: 2017-03-20T04:11:02.000Z
Duration: 16 min 42 s
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Hi my name is Jennifer Doudna from UC Berkeley

and I'm here today to tell you about how we uncovered

This story starts with a bacterial immune system

a sequence of repeats shown in these black diamonds

and these have been noticed by microbiologists

who were sequencing bacterial genomes but nobody knew

what the function of these sequences might be

until it was noticed that they tend to also occur

with a series of genes that often encode proteins

that have homology to enzymes that do interesting things

which is an acronym for this type of repetitive locus

that these CRISPR systems could actually be

that might allow sequences to be integrated

in the mid 2000's right after the publication

And so what emerged over the next several years

really are acquired immune systems in bacteria

so until this point no one knew that bacteria

that gets injected like shown in this example

of short pieces of those viral DNA molecules

that is shown here as CRISPR RNA biogenesis

these CRISPR sequences are actually transcribed

to form interfering or interference complexes

and turn the sequence information against them.

we have been very interested for a long time

how to regulate the expression of proteins

And so this seemed like also a very interesting

we started studying the basic molecular mechanisms

And in 2011 I went to a scientific conference

Emmanuelle Charpentier who is shown in this picture

works on microbiology problems and they are

Streptococcus pyogenes which is a bacterium

that can cause very severe infections in humans

and what was curious in this bug was that it

there was a single gene encoding a protein

that had been shown genetically to be required

but nobody knew at the time what the function

who is a postdoctoral associate in my own lab

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Jennifer Doudna (UC Berkeley / HHMI): Genome Engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

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