Vocabulary

• as soon as: In a short time after (something happens)
• instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
• cope with: To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
• based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
• lead to: To result in some action
• take over: To gain control of (a company) from someone else
• think about: To consider something carefully.
• talk about it: To discuss a particular subject.
• make up: To invent or create a story
• with it: Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
• by means of: Using; with the help of.
• on sale: Available at a reduced price
• shelf life: The length of time for which an item remains usable, fit for consumption, or saleable.
• genetic information: Hereditary information encoded in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of an organism.
• see through: To realize the truth about
• in the dark: Uninformed about something; unaware.
• get across: To communicate (something) clearly and effectively.
• over to: Used to hand over to someone else to speak
• aside from
• on and off: Intermittently; not continuously.
• regardless of
• take on: To acquire a new characteristic
• on to: Toward something; forward
• as a result of: Because of something; owing to.
• slippery slope: An idea or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous.
• of age: Having reached the legal age of adulthood.
• over time: Gradually; as time passes.
• slow down: To reduce the speed
• at some point: At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
• for someone: On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
• for example: As an illustration or instance.
• take down: To capture physically
• have to: Must do
• as well as: Also; in addition to
• in theory: According to the stated ideas or principles
• in the future: At a later time; in times to come.
• no matter: Regardless of; it does not matter.
• in return: As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
• potential: Capable of happening or becoming reality
• eventually: After a long time; after many attempts; in the end
• immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
• extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
• enormous: Huge; very big; very important
• structure: The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way
• scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
• treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
• therapy: Treatment to help cure an illness
• effective: Working efficiently to produce a desired result
• disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
• molecule: Two or more atoms chemically combined
• protein: Group of molecules made from amino acids
• reality: What is true, as opposed to what is imagined
• complex: Group of buildings all used for the same purpose
• exist: To be present, alive or real
• bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
• complicated: To make more difficult to do, understand or use
• cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
• precise: (Of language details etc.) Very accurate and exact
• universe: All of space that contains planets and stars
• research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
• affect: To cause a change in something else
• standard: Official unit of measuring something
• result: Something produced through tests or experiments
• cope: To deal with something in spite of difficulties
• genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
• eradicate: To remove or destroy something completely
• fiction: Made-up stories; imagined events
• revolution: When a group overthrows an existing government
• cure: Something that solves a problem or makes it better
• single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
• pregnancy: When a woman carries her unborn baby inside her
• system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
• archive: To store things such as historical records
• virus: File secretly put on computers to cause harm
• doable: Able to be done; possible
• microbe: Very small, microscopic, living thing
• make: To arrange or prepare something e.g. dinner
• modify: To make minor change to something
• bacterium: The very small creatures that can cause disease
• change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
• perfect: So good it cannot be improved
• future: Time that is to come after the present
• gene: Part of cell controlling development of a thing
• human: A person; a man, woman or child
• life: All the living things e.g. animals, plants, humans
• knowledge: Information, understanding, or skill
• travel: To go to a place that is far away
• genome: Complete set of genetic material in an organism
• happen: To take place or occur
• age: To keep food, wine for a long time to improve it
• terminate: To bring something to and end or finish
• uncomfortable: Not being relaxed; worried about something
• oversight: A mistake; something you forget to do
• dna: Chemical in living cells with genetic information