Vocabulary

• black and white
• come from: To have as your native country or city
• around the world: In or to many countries.
• or simply: Alternatively; in a more straightforward way.
• in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
• think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
• in comparison: When compared to something else.
• as well as: Also; in addition to
• phrase: Common expression or saying
• debate: General public discussion of a topic
• term: Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
• typically: In a normal or usual way
• common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
• evolutionary: Concerning gradual change over time
• mean: Average of a set of numbers
• gradually: Occurring in a slow manner over a period of time
• tip: To pour or move something from a place, container
• similar: Nearly the same; alike
• reference: A letter of recommendation, e.g. for a job
• adapt: To change something for a different function
• simply: In an easy or clear manner
• form: Sports team or person's current winning record
• comparison: Act of comparing things
• apply: To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
• hemisphere: One half of a rounded, ball-like object
• thick: Difficult to see through, as fog
• stiff: Slang term for a dead body
• extinct: (Of animal, etc.) having died out; with none left
• layer: One of several sheets of a material or object
• soar: (Of prices, etc.) to increase a lot in a short time
• log: To move a certain distance or speed, as recorded
• expedition: Long journey, often to a dangerous or new place
• fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
• arise: To stand up
• overlap: To lie over or cover a part of something else
• antarctica: An extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle; covered by an ice cap up to , feet deep
• naturally: In the expected or usual way
• head: To hit a ball with your head in a game
• great: Very good; better than before
• land: Region or country
• question: To ask for or try to get information
• smooth: Moving without stops and starts
• lay: Amateur; not being a trained priest
• mistake: Something done wrong/calculated wrong; error
• strait: Channel joining large bodies of water
• world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
• origin: Point at which something begins or is created
• freeze: To harden to a solid below zero degrees
• insulation: Material that is used to prevent heat, etc. passing
• base: Place military personnel live, train, and operate
• sail: To travel across water in a boat or a ship
• classify: To arrange things into groups of similar items
• unfamiliar: Unusual; strange or unknown
• ostrich: Very large bird that cannot fly, with a long neck
• southern: Concerning a region in the south
• penguin: Black and white sea bird that cannot fly
• visibly: So as to be seen or noticed
• underwater: (Moving or existing) beneath the surface of water
• hind: Concerning the rear or back part of animals
• emu: Large Australian bird that can't fly