Preparing usage notes, please check back later
above all
US /əˈbʌv ɔl/
UK /əˈbʌv ɔ:l/
- Phrase
- Most importantly; more than anything else.
A1Moreadaptation
US /ˌædæpˈteʃən/
UK /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Music, movie or play, changed to a new form
- Changing to a new form; thing that is changed
B1Moreadversely affected
US
UK
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- Negatively impacted or harmed.
- Negatively impacted or harmed in terms of health.
C2Moreaffect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreaffected
US /əˈfɛktɪd/
UK /əˈfektɪd/
- Adjective
- Putting on an act; not genuine
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- Pretended to have or feel (something).
A2Moreagricultural
US /ˌæɡrɪ'kʌltʃərəl/
UK /ˌæɡrɪ'kʌltʃərəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning farming, or the land
B1Moreagricultural products
US
UK
- Noun (plural)
- Goods produced through agriculture, including crops and livestock.
B2Moreagriculture
US /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃɚ/
UK /ˈægrɪkʌltʃə(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- The science of farming
- The study of farming and related sciences.
A2Morealong with
US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/
UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/
- Preposition
- In addition to; together with.
- Adverb
- In company or together with someone or something.
- Including; in addition to.
A2Moreas a result of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Because of something; owing to.
A1Moreas well as
US /æz wɛl æz/
UK /æz wel æz/
- Adverb
- Also; in addition to
- Preposition
- In addition to; and also.
A1Moreassess
US /əˈsɛs/
UK /əˈses/
- Transitive Verb
- To judge something's value or suitability
A2TOEICMoreassessment
US /əˈsɛsmənt/
UK /əˈsesmənt/
- Noun
- Conclusion, opinion formed after due consideration
B1TOEICMoreat the same time
US
UK
- Phrase
- Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
- Nevertheless; however; used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement.
A1Morebased on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- Preposition
- Using something as the main idea or foundation.
- Relying on something as evidence or justification.
A1Morecarbon
US /ˈkɑrbən/
UK /'kɑ:bən/
- Uncountable Noun
- Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
B1Moreclimate
US /ˈklaɪmɪt/
UK /ˈklaɪmət/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Typical weather conditions in a particular place
- The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.
A2Moreconclude
US /kənˈklud/
UK /kənˈklu:d/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To finish or cause to finish; end
- To arrive at a judgment or opinion
A2Moreconfidence
US /ˈkɑnfɪdəns/
UK /'kɒnfɪdəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Feeling that you can do well at something
- Feeling you can trust someone
A2Moreconsists of
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- Is made up or composed of.
A1Morecope with
US /kop wɪð/
UK /kəup wið/
- Phrasal Verb
- To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
A1Morecrop
US /krɑp/
UK /krɒp/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Plants grown on a farm for food, e.g. corn or rice
- Section of short, thick hair
- Transitive Verb
- To cut something to a shorter length or size
- To cut (something, especially hair) short.
B1Morecrop yield
US
UK
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The amount of a crop produced per unit area of land.
decrease
US /dɪˈkris/
UK /dɪˈkri:s/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To reduce the size, amount or number of something
- Uncountable Noun
- Amount by which something has been reduced
B1TOEICMoredeforestation
US //diːˌfɔːr.əˈsteɪ.ʃən//
UK //diːˌfɒr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən//
- Uncountable Noun
- Process of removing the trees from an area
C2Moredepending on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
- Influenced or determined by.
- Preposition
- Subject to; contingent on
- Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
A2Moredevelopment
US /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/
UK /dɪ'veləpmənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act or process of growing bigger or more advanced
- A new event related to a previous event
A2TOEICMoredioxide
US /daɪˈɑksaɪd/
UK /daɪˈɒksaɪd/
- Noun
- An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
B2Moredrop down
US /drɑp daʊn/
UK /drɔp daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To go to a lower place, rank
A1Moredue to
US /du tu/
UK /dju: tu:/
- Preposition
- Because of; owing to
- Adjective
- Attributable to; caused by.
A1Moreeconomic
US /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə-/
UK /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning trade, industry, and money
- Financially worthwhile; profitable.
- Noun
- A system relating to economics
- A factor relating to economics
A2Moreelevate
US /ˈɛləˌvet/
UK /ˈelɪveɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something higher
- To raise something in status, importance, feeling
B2Moreerosion
US /ɪˈrəʊʒ(ə)n/
UK /ɪ'rəʊʒn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Process of wearing away by water, wind, or ice
- The gradual destruction or diminution of something.
B1Moreevidence of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
- Something that shows that something else exists or is true.
A1Morefactor in
US /ˈfæktɚ ɪn/
UK /ˈfæktə in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To include something as an important element when making a decision or calculation.
B2Morefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
for instance
US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/
UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/
- Adverb
- As an example.
- Phrase
- As an example.
- As an illustration or case in point
B1Moreforestry
US /ˈfɔrɪstri/
UK /ˈfɒrɪstri/
- Uncountable Noun
- Science of caring for and managing forests
A2Moregas
US /ɡæs/
UK /ɡæs/
- Uncountable Noun
- Elements in our air, like oxygen or nitrogen
- Fuel used for cooking, heating houses etc.
- Transitive Verb
- To kill or disable someone with poisoned air
A2Moreget up to
US /ɡɛt ʌp tu/
UK /ɡet ʌp tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To do something slightly naughty
A1Moreglobal
US /ˈgloʊbl/
UK /ˈgləʊbl/
- Adjective
- Concerning, involving, affecting all of something
- Of, affecting, or involving the entire world
A2TOEICMoregrain
US /ɡren/
UK /greɪn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Seeds of plants used for food
- Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
B1TOEICMoregreenhouse
US /ˈɡrinˌhaʊs/
UK /'ɡri:nhaʊs/
- Adjective
- Greenhouse gas that makes the Earth get warmer
- Countable Noun
- Glass building used for growing plants
B1TOEICMoregrow up
US /ɡro ʌp/
UK /ɡrəu ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To develop from a child into an adult
A1Morehave on
US /hæv ɑn/
UK /hæv ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To be wearing something.
- To deceive or trick someone, often in a playful way.
A1Morehit with
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To strike someone or something using an object.
- To suddenly realize or understand something.
A1Morein addition to
US /ɪn əˈdɪʃən tu/
UK /in əˈdiʃən tu:/
- Preposition
- Besides; as well as
- Phrase
- Besides; as well as.
- Furthermore; moreover.
B1Morein areas
US
UK
- Phrase
- Located or occurring within specific regions or locations.
- Relating to specific fields, subjects, or disciplines.
A1Morein comparison
US /ɪn kəmˈpærɪsən/
UK /in kəmˈpærisən/
- Adverb
- When compared to something else.
- Phrase
- When compared to something else.
- When considering the differences between two or more things.
A1Morein favor of
US /ɪn ˈfevɚ ʌv/
UK /in ˈfeivə ɔv/
- Phrase
- Expressing support or approval for someone or something.
- To the advantage of; benefiting.
- Preposition
- Supporting or approving of something.
- To the advantage of; to the benefit of.
A1Morein isolation
US
UK
- Phrase
- Separately from other people or things; alone.
- Considered separately and without reference to other related things.
C1Morein part
US /ɪn pɑrt/
UK /in pɑ:t/
- Adverb
- To some extent; partially.
A1Morein particular
US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/
UK /in pəˈtikjulə/
- Phrase
- Specifically; especially.
- Detailed or precise.
A1Morein some places
US
UK
- Phrase
- In certain locations or areas, but not all.
A1Morein terms of
US
UK
- Phrase
- With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
A1Morein the future
US /ɪn ði ˈfjutʃɚ/
UK /in ðə ˈfju:tʃə/
- Phrase
- At a later time; in times to come.
A1Morein the long run
US
UK
- Phrase
- Eventually; over a long period of time.
A1Morein the process of
US /ɪn ði ˈprɑsˌɛs ʌv/
UK /in ðə ˈprəuses ɔv/
- Phrase
- During the course of; while something is happening or being done.
A1Morein turn
US
UK
- Adverb
- One after the other in a sequence or rotation.
A1Moreincreased risk
US
UK
- Noun
- A greater chance of something harmful or dangerous happening.
- A higher probability of financial loss in an investment.
B2Moreinformation technology
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- The study or use of systems (especially computers and telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending information.
- The industry related to computers, software, and telecommunications.
- Countable Noun
- A department within an organization responsible for managing computer systems and networks.
B1Moreirrigation
US /ˌɪrɪ'ɡeɪʃn/
UK /ˌɪrɪ'ɡeɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Supplying land with water using pipes
- The process of washing out a body cavity or wound with a stream of fluid
B1Moreknock on
US /nɑk ɑn/
UK /nɔk ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To strike a door or window to attract attention.
- Intransitive Verb
- (In rugby) to drop the ball forward.
A1Morelead to
US /lid tu/
UK /li:d tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To result in some action
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have something as a consequence or result.
A1Morelevel
US /ˈlɛvəl/
UK /'levl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Specific height of something
- Amount of ability you have compared to others
- Transitive Verb
- To aim a gun at someone
- To destroy a building; flatten an area completely
A2TOEICMorelivestock
US /ˈlaɪvˌstɑk/
UK /ˈlaɪvstɒk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Any animals kept for use or profit
B2Moremaize
US /mez/
UK /meɪz/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Corn; a yellow cereal
B2Moremethane
US /ˈmeθeɪn/
UK /ˈmi:θeɪn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Colorless gas without smell often used as fuel
B2Moremitigation
US /ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/
UK /ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of making less severe or serious
B2Morenational
US /ˈnæʃənəl, ˈnæʃnəl/
UK /'næʃnəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning a nation as a whole
- Countable Noun
- A person of a particular country
A2Morenitrogen
US /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/
UK /ˈnaɪtrədʒən/
- Uncountable Noun
- A colorless chemical element without a smell
B2Morenumber of people
US /ˈnʌmbɚ ʌv ˈpipəl/
UK /ˈnʌmbə ɔv ˈpi:pl/
- Phrase
- The total count of individuals within a group or gathering.
- A statistical figure representing the population size or a subset thereof.
A1Moreof the century
US /ʌv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri/
UK /əv ðə ˈsenʧəri/
- other
- The most notable or important in a hundred-year period.
B2Moreon the other hand
US
UK
- Phrase
- Considering a different aspect of the matter; alternatively.
A1Moreozone
US /ˈoʊzoʊn/
UK /ˈəʊzəʊn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Gas protecting the earth from the sun
- Fresh and pure air, usually near the sea
B2Moreplanting
US
UK
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To firmly position something (in the ground)
- To put seeds, flowers, trees in the ground
- Noun
- The activity of putting plants in the ground.
- The action of placing (something) in a particular spot, especially in order to deceive someone.
A2Morepotential
US /pəˈtɛnʃəl/
UK /pəˈtenʃl/
- Adjective
- Capable of happening or becoming reality
- Having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future.
- Uncountable Noun
- someone's or something's ability to develop, achieve, or succeed
A2TOEICMoreproduction
US /prəˈdʌkʃən, pro-/
UK /prəˈdʌkʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Process of producing or growing food naturally
- Process of making something on a large scale
A2TOEICMoreproductivity
US /ˌprɑ:dʌkˈtɪvəti/
UK /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/
- Uncountable Noun
- Rate at which people or machines produce
- A measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system, etc., in converting inputs into useful output.
B1TOEICMorerainfall
US /ˈrenˌfɔl/
UK /ˈreɪnfɔ:l/
- Uncountable Noun
- Water falling from the sky
B1Morerather than
US
UK
- Adverb
- More exactly; more correctly
- Preferably; instead
- Preposition
- Instead of
A1Morereduce
US /rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus/
UK /rɪ'dju:s/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
- To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
A2TOEICMorereduce the risk
US
UK
- Phrase
- To lessen the probability of something dangerous or harmful occurring.
A1Moreregion
US /ˈridʒən/
UK /'ri:dʒən/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
- A part of the body
A2TOEICMoreregional
US /ˈridʒənəl/
UK /ˈri:dʒənl/
- Adjective
- Of a particular area, not the whole of a country
- Characteristic of a particular region.
B1Morerely on
US /rɪˈlaɪ ɑn/
UK /riˈlai ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To depend on someone or something
A2Moreresult in
US /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/
UK /riˈzʌlt in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To cause or produce as a consequence.
retreat
US /rɪˈtrit/
UK /rɪ'tri:t/
- Noun
- Act of a force moving back from a winning enemy
- A place away from home and work to relax
- Intransitive Verb
- (Of army, etc.) to move back from a winning enemy
- To go away from home and work for a vacation
B2Morerural
US /ˈrʊrəl/
UK /ˈruərəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning the country as opposed to the city
B1Moresame time
US
UK
- Phrase
- Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
- At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
- Noun
- An equal duration or period.
A1Moresecurity
US /sɪˈkjʊrɪti/sə'kjurətɪ/
UK /sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/
- Noun
- Department in a company in charge of protection
- Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
A2TOEICMoreshare in
US /ʃɛr ɪn/
UK /ʃɛə in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To participate in something; to have a part or interest in something.
- To receive a portion of something, such as profits or losses.
A1Moresoil
US /sɔɪl/
UK /sɔɪl/
- Uncountable Noun
- Conditions in which something develops
- Mix of natural material in which plants grow
- Transitive Verb
- To get or become dirty
B1Moresouthern
US /ˈsʌðərn/
UK /ˈsʌðən/
- Adjective
- Concerning a region in the south
A2Morespeed up
US /spid ʌp/
UK /spi:d ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To move more quickly
A2Moresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moretemperature
US /ˈtɛmpərəˌtʃʊr,-tʃɚ,ˈtɛmprə-/
UK /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- When you your body heat is above normal
- How hot or cold something is, e.g. the weather
A2Moreto a large extent
US /tə ə ˌlɑrdʒ ɪkˈstɛnt/
UK /tə ə ˌlɑ:dʒ ikˈstent/
- other
- Mostly or for the most part; primarily.
B2Moreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1Morevarieties of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Different kinds or types of something.
- A range of different things.
A2Morevulnerability
US /ˌvʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ/
UK /ˌvʌlnərə'bɪlətɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Being weak and able to be easily hurt or damaged
- A weakness or flaw that makes something susceptible to harm or damage.
B1Morevulnerable
US /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/
UK /ˈvʌlnərəbl/
- Adjective
- Being open to attack or damage
- Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded
B1Morewake up
US /wek ʌp/
UK /weik ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To stop sleeping
- To become fully aware and alert to a situation.
A1Moreyield
US /jild/
UK /ji:ld/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To bend or break because of a strong force
- To give way to someone or something else
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Amount of crops grown
- Amount of profit you make
A2TOEICMore
