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  • Hello everyone,

  • this is Andrew again from Crown Academy of English

  • for another English lesson today,

  • and we are going to look

  • at the future tense. So we are going to look at

  • verbs in the future tense and

  • in particular, we are going to look at the form

  • of "going to" plus

  • a verb...okay ... because in English there are

  • lots of different future tenses.

  • There are about four or five and

  • this is the first one we're going to look at. So

  • "going to" plus a verb.

  • Let's get started. So

  • for an example,

  • here we can see

  • somebody is

  • reading a book and

  • here ... so we can say in the future,

  • "Tonight I am going

  • to read a book." ... ok so this is talking

  • about the future and

  • the person is saying I am going to read

  • a book... ok ... So let's look at

  • this structure in more detail.

  • Let's conjugate the verb. So

  • we say "I am going to read", "You

  • are going to read", "He /

  • she / it is going to read",

  • "We are going to read"

  • and "They

  • are going to read." So this

  • is an example of

  • "going to" and

  • you should be able to see there is a pattern here.

  • So let's

  • look at this in more detail. So

  • we separate this part out and we can see that there are in fact

  • two parts of the structure. The first part

  • on the left is

  • the present progressive of the verb

  • "to go" .. okay ... so

  • if you do not know what the present progressive

  • is, then ...

  • I advise you to look at my other lesson.

  • So it's on the screen now here ...

  • I have another lesson

  • on explaining what the present progressive is.

  • So it is the present progressive

  • of the verb "to go" ... so "I am going",

  • "You are going", "He / she / it is going",

  • "We are going", "They are going"....

  • and all of them are followed

  • by the word "to" and then

  • the verb in the infinitive... so the base verb.

  • So this example is

  • "to read" So

  • to summarise, the structure ...

  • the form is present progressive of the verb "to go" ...

  • plus the infinitive

  • of the verb. So this is.... the

  • infinitive means the base verb.

  • So the infinitive is the word "to"

  • followed by the verb...

  • okay...

  • and now

  • let's look at the other forms

  • of the structure. So here we are, we have already seen this

  • on the left so I'm not going to explain it again.

  • So this is the affirmative... and the other form we can have

  • is the question form.

  • So let's look at the question form: "am I going to read?",

  • "are you going to read",

  • "is he / she /

  • it going to read?", "are we going to read?"

  • and "are they

  • going to read?". So this is just a normal

  • question form. So we

  • reverse the order of

  • the subject "I" with ...

  • "am"

  • So this is the verb "to be".

  • Again, you should watch my lesson on the

  • present progressive if you don't understand this.

  • So "am I going?" is

  • the question form of "I am going" ...

  • and then we always follow it with the infinitive

  • plus the verb... the infinitive form of the verb...

  • so "are you going to read?"

  • And finally, let's look at the negative

  • form: "I am

  • not going to read",

  • "you are not going to read",

  • "he / she / it is not going to read",

  • "we are not going to read",

  • and "they are not going

  • to read." So...

  • the important word here is the word "not".

  • So in the negative, we

  • add the word "not"

  • in between the verb "to be" here

  • and the word "going".

  • so "going" is the present progressive

  • of the verb "to go"

  • So everywhere, on all of these, we add the word "not",

  • "not", "not", "not"

  • and "not".

  • ok? So we have the affirmative, the question

  • and the negative.

  • Now let's look at some uses of

  • "going to".

  • So the first main use

  • is an action

  • in the future that has been planned

  • or prepared. So it is a

  • future tense and we use it to describe

  • something that is going to happen in the future ...

  • in the future ... and we have planned it,

  • or it is prepared ... so we know

  • it is going to happen

  • Let's look at some examples:

  • Example 1

  • "I am going to buy a car next week." So

  • this is planned...

  • okay ... we know we are going to buy a car. It's next week

  • and so we say "I am going to buy a car

  • next week". So it is prepared.

  • We know it's going to happen. So we use

  • "going to". So this is "going to"

  • and this is the verb "to buy"

  • example 2:

  • "Tomorrow, We are going to visit London." Tomorrow

  • is in the future and

  • "we are going to visit London."

  • So "going" we are going

  • and then we have

  • "to visit" - this is the verb in the infinitive form -

  • "to visit" ... and

  • the last example is:

  • "After lunch ... after lunch,

  • he is going to call Mr Brown." So

  • "he is going" - this is the "going"

  • part and then it is followed by

  • the verb in the infinitive - "he is going to call".

  • So "to call" is the verb....."Mr Brown"

  • So "after lunch". Lunch is when we

  • eat during the day.

  • So this is indicating that it is in the future. So again,

  • all of these examples are actions which are

  • planned or prepared.....alright?

  • So we know they are going to happen. Let's look at

  • another use of "going to"

  • So

  • another use is a conclusion of something

  • in the immediate future ... okay?

  • So we can also call this

  • an expectation. So based

  • on something in the present... so there is a situation

  • in the present...

  • and from that, we know

  • what is going to happen in the future. Example:

  • "There

  • are lots of clouds in the sky. It is going to rain."

  • So the first part of the sentence

  • shows the present. So in the present,

  • right now, we can see there are lots of clouds

  • in the sky. So because of that,

  • in the future we know that

  • it is going to rain. So that is

  • what I mean when I talk about

  • a conclusion... okay... an expectation.

  • It is expected that it is going to rain.

  • So because of

  • this situation in the present, we know in the future

  • that it is going to rain. So we use the future tense...

  • we use "going to

  • rain" .. "going" plus the verb in the infinitive.

  • So

  • another example: "David

  • missed the bus. He is going to be late.

  • So David here, he

  • woke up late. He woke up and

  • he missed the bus. He was late for the bus.

  • So because of THIS...

  • then the conclusion is

  • THIS. So the conclusion is "He is going to be late."

  • So "he is going" is the "going"

  • part of the structure and then

  • the verb is "to be". So "he is going

  • to be" - So this is the infinitive

  • of the verb "to be". "going to be late".

  • Ok, so that is the two

  • uses of this future tense okay?

  • Now,

  • we're going to look now at some

  • informal ... an informal version

  • of this. So,

  • native speakers... native English speakers...

  • so people like myself or other people

  • who live in England or in America

  • or Canada or anywhere

  • where they are native English speakers... we often say

  • "gonna" okay? You probably hear it a lot in films, movies,

  • on television, or if you

  • know somebody who is

  • a native English speaker... you will hear them say the word "gonna"...

  • and let's have an example:

  • So

  • "I'm thirsty. I'm gonna have a drink."

  • so this, you'll often hear

  • being said by native speakers...

  • and this is the same

  • as .... "I'm thirsty.

  • I'm going to have a drink." So these two

  • sentences here.... they have the same

  • meaning ok? So

  • "gonna" is the same

  • as "going to". So this is what has changed.

  • "gonna" has replaced "going

  • to"...and the reason people say "gonna"

  • is because when they are speaking quickly,

  • it is easier to say

  • "gonna" than "going to".

  • "going to" is quite long

  • to say. So when native speakers are

  • speaking quickly, they say

  • "I'm gonna"... ok?

  • BUT important,

  • be careful...

  • because gonna is NOT good

  • English... okay. This is important ok...

  • it is NOT good English.

  • It is very informal okay....

  • So people often say it in an informal

  • context for example

  • young people speaking with

  • other young people or

  • speaking to somebody in the street...

  • okay? But you would never

  • say this, for example, in a job interview.

  • If you had a job interview and somebody was saying

  • "gonna", then it's .... it's not very good!

  • Ok, so it is informal,

  • used in informal English....

  • and it's usually only spoken English

  • okay? You should not write it. Do NOT

  • write "gonna". That would be bad if you

  • were writing a letter to somebody, for example,

  • you should never write the word "gonna"

  • ok... the only time you would write it

  • would be if you are quoting

  • somebody. So if you are writing

  • direct speech. But

  • most of the time, you should never write the word

  • "gonna"

  • But, I have to say, it is very common

  • alright? You are going to hear it a lot...

  • okay. If you watch any

  • television, American television or

  • British television then you will hear the word "gonna"

  • a lot... okay so ...

  • it is bad English but it is important

  • that I explain it to you because

  • you will hear it a lot so you need to understand it.

  • Ok so now you know if you hear the word "gonna",

  • the person its actually saying "going to"...

  • okay. So it's very informal,

  • bad English, but you will hear it a lot.

  • It is used a lot in .. in

  • English okay... by native

  • speakers.

  • Okay, so let's

  • do some exercises.

  • So the first one I would like you to put the verbs

  • in brackets in the correct form

  • using "going to".

  • Example:

  • So this is the question.

  • And for all of these

  • exercises, the verb in brackets...

  • so these are the brackets.... I want you to put

  • this verb into the "going to" form.

  • So the answer here would be...

  • "She is going to wear

  • her blue dress at the party." .. okay.

  • So now you will... I will give you the question

  • and you will get ten seconds to

  • answer it. So if you need more than 10 seconds,

  • then you should pause

  • the video... ok. So you'll get 10 seconds.

  • Question 1:

  • The answer is "I am going to help

  • my sister tomorrow." Question two:

  • "Sarah is going to cook my favourite meal tonight."

  • Question 3:

  • And the answer is..."My parents are going to sell their house

  • next year." So my parents...

  • so this is plural...

  • "My parents..." and

  • so we use the third person plural "My parents

  • are going" and then the verb

  • is "sell"... so we put it in the infinitive

  • "My parents are going to sell

  • their house next year." ..ok

  • Now let's just have a quick look at

  • some vocabulary that we have used. So

  • "HOUSE". So this is a house

  • here on the photograph. A house

  • is where people live. it's a building

  • where people live ... and

  • on this particular house we can see...

  • this part of the house

  • here... this is the ROOF.

  • So the top of the house is

  • the roof, and on

  • this roof we can see there is some snow

  • in fact.. this is some white snow

  • on the roof and

  • here.... this

  • is a CHIMNEY. The chimney

  • is where smoke comes

  • out if there is a fire.

  • Exercise two. So this time,

  • similar exercise. Put the verbs in brackets

  • in the correct QUESTION form. So this time

  • I want you to

  • make some questions. So I want you to make some questions

  • using the verb

  • "wear", for example... using the verb

  • "wear" and "he" ...

  • ok...so

  • this is the question....and the answer for this one would be...

  • "Is he going to wear his red tie?"

  • "Is he going to wear his red tie?"

  • So remember the rules for making the question.

  • We reverse the subject

  • with the verb "to be"

  • and then it is "going to

  • wear" Okay same again,

  • you get 10 seconds for each question starting

  • now. Question 1:

  • The answer is "Are you going to clean

  • the bathroom later?" Question two:

  • "Is John going to watch the football tonight?"

  • Question three:

  • "Are we going to visit Buckingham Palace tomorrow?" So "Are we going to visit

  • Buckingham Palace tomorrow?"

  • Okay... so those are the answers.

  • That is how we make questions using

  • "going to". Now

  • let's look at some vocabulary. So,

  • what is Buckingham Palace? Well...

  • oops sorry! First of all, we will look at

  • "red tie". So this is a tie..

  • okay. This is a tie. It is

  • something that a man wears

  • on his shirt. So if a man

  • wears a suit and a shirt,

  • then he will wear a tie as well.

  • So it's this here. Now,

  • Buckingham Palace. What is Buckingham Palace?

  • Well this is it.

  • It is a very famous palace.

  • A very famous building in London and

  • it is where the Queen of England lives ok.. So Queen

  • Elizabeth II lives

  • in Buckingham Palace okay...

  • and you can see

  • on the roof.... so on the top

  • of Buckingham Palace, there is

  • a flag okay?

  • Can you see the flag on the roof? Well

  • the flag is there

  • when the Queen

  • is there. So if the flag

  • is raised, then that means

  • the Queen of England is present.

  • It means she is currently inside

  • Buckingham Palace. So

  • if the flag is NOT

  • there... if you cannot see the flag,

  • it means that the Queen of England

  • is not inside Buckingham Palace.

  • Okay that's just a

  • little story for you! A true story! It's a fact!

  • And

  • the third exercise... the same exercise but

  • this time I want you to put

  • the verb in brackets in the negative...

  • the negative. Example:

  • So for this one, I want you to put

  • the verb "sing"... I want you to

  • put it in the negative using

  • "going to". So the answer

  • for this one would be "She is not going to sing

  • at the concert on Friday." "She is not going to sing

  • at the concert on Friday." Okay,

  • same again 10 seconds

  • for each question. Question one:

  • "I am not going to be rude to my teacher."

  • "I am NOT going to be rude

  • to my teacher." Okay... "rude"

  • means ... it is the opposite

  • of "polite".... the opposite of "polite".

  • Question two:

  • "We are not going to play football after work."

  • Question three:

  • "They are not going to eat too much tomorrow." Okay,

  • so that is the end. Just very quickly, we can

  • see that ....

  • so the answer... when we do the negative...

  • it is the word "not"

  • that is important. So we put the word

  • "not" between the verb

  • "to be" and the word

  • "going". So "They are NOT

  • going to eat too much tomorrow."

  • So this is the verb in the infinitive form.

  • "to eat". And here,

  • let's look at some vocabulary. So let's look at the word

  • "sing". So

  • this is "to sing". "Sing"...

  • is well.... it's this.... it's somebody

  • who is making music. So we say that they are

  • singing a song. So she is

  • singing a song. And here,

  • in her hand, she is holding a "microphone".

  • So she's holding a microphone.

  • Okay, so

  • that is

  • the.... the end of the lesson. So

  • if you enjoyed the lesson and you ...

  • you like the lesson, and you would like to

  • watch more of my videos, then please subscribe to my channel

  • by clicking here on the screen okay :-)

  • And here are...

  • a suggestion of perhaps two other videos that you might enjoy.

  • So here on the left,

  • this is a video

  • about the present continuous (progressive) tense.

  • So if you aren't too sure

  • about how to use the present continuous tense,

  • then you can click here and watch that video. And here, on the right...

  • this is a vocabulary lesson...

  • and it is words about taking the train.

  • So this is like a video lesson

  • and it gives you lots and lots of words

  • about trains and stations.

  • So you can click here as well if you want to watch that video.

  • Okay so that is the end

  • of the lesson. Thank you very much for watching.

  • My name is Andrew at Crown Academy of English.

  • Thanks very much and I'll see you next time :-)

  • Bye bye!

Hello everyone,

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