Preparing usage notes, please check back later
against the grain
US
UK
- Phrase
- Contrary to someone's natural inclinations or feelings; in opposition to what is normal or expected.
- In a direction that is perpendicular to the fibers of wood, making it difficult to work with.
A2Morealso known as
US
UK
- Phrase
- Also called; alternatively named.
- Identified by another term; synonymous with.
A1Moreanswer to
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To be responsible to someone and have to explain your actions to them.
- To correspond to or match a description or requirement.
A1Moreany sort of
US
UK
- Determiner
- Any kind of; any type of
- Phrase
- Somewhat; to some extent
A2Moreas a whole
US /æz e hol/
UK /æz ə həul/
- Phrase
- Considering everything together; in general.
- Complete; not divided or incomplete.
- Adjective
- Complete; not divided or fragmented.
A1Moreas long as
US /æz lɔŋ æz/
UK /æz lɔŋ æz/
- Conjunction
- For the period that; provided that.
- For the length of time that
- Preposition
- On the condition that; providing that.
- Having the same length as.
A1Moreas soon as
US /æz sun æz/
UK /æz su:n æz/
- Phrase
- In a short time after (something happens)
- Without any delay; immediately
- Conjunction
- At the moment that, or immediately after.
A1Moreask for it
US /æsk fər ɪt/
UK /ɑ:sk fə ɪt/
- other
- To behave in a way that will cause trouble or punishment.
B2Moreat most
US /æt most/
UK /æt məust/
- Adverb
- Not more than; a maximum of.
- Phrase
- Used to indicate an upper limit or maximum quantity.
A1Moreat the same time
US
UK
- Phrase
- Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
- Nevertheless; however; used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement.
A1Morebasically
US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/
UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/
- Adverb
- Used before you explain something simply, clearly
- In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
A2Morebe with
US /bi wɪð/
UK /bi: wið/
- Phrasal Verb
- To accompany someone; to be in someone's presence.
- To support someone's opinion or cause.
A1Morebeam
US /bim/
UK /bi:m/
- Transitive Verb
- To send out information, signals, or light
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A long piece of metal or wood used in construction
- A line of light or energy
B1Morebear in mind
US /bɛr ɪn maɪnd/
UK /bɛə in maind/
- Phrase
- To remember and consider something.
- Phrasal Verb
- To remember or consider something
A1Morebells and whistles
US
UK
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Attractive but often nonessential features; ornamentation.
- Extra features that are not essential but add to the appeal or functionality.
B1Moreblow up
US /blo ʌp/
UK /bləu ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To suddenly become angry
- To put air in something, e.g. a tire or balloon
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To explode; to be destroyed by an explosion.
A2Morebring in
US /brɪŋ ɪn/
UK /briŋ in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To earn a certain amount of money or profits
- To add person into existing group, e.g. phone call
A1Morebunch
US /bʌntʃ/
UK /bʌntʃ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A group of things of the same kind
- A group of people.
- Transitive Verb
- To group people or things closely together
B1Moreby default
US /baɪ dɪˈfɔlt/
UK /bai diˈfɔ:lt/
- Adverb
- Automatically, unless the user specifies otherwise.
- Because of a lack of any other action or choice.
calculation
US /ˌkælkjəˈleʃən/
UK /ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Process or result of using mathematics
- An educated guess about something
B2Morecase by case
US
UK
- Phrase
- Considering each case individually, rather than applying a general rule.
A2Morecluster
US /ˈklʌstɚ/
UK /'klʌstə(r)/
- Intransitive Verb
- To come together in a group, flock etc.
- Countable Noun
- A small group of things
B1Moreconsist of
US /kənˈsɪst ʌv/
UK /kənˈsist ɔv/
- Phrasal Verb
A2Morecontext
US /ˈkɑnˌtɛkst/
UK /ˈkɒntekst/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Set of facts surrounding a person or event
- The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.
A2Morecouple
US /ˈkʌpəl/
UK /'kʌpl/
- Transitive Verb
- To join something to something else
- (Two animals) to engage in sexual relations
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Two people in a romantic relationship
- Two of something; two people; a pair
A2Morecourtesy of
US
UK
- Preposition
- Provided or permitted by (someone or something).
- Because of; as a result of.
B2Morecurrent
US /ˈkɚrənt, ˈkʌr-/
UK /'kʌrənt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Electricity flowing through wires
- Movement of water in a river, or air in the sky
- Adjective
- Happening or being in the present time
- In general use or accepted by most people.
A2Moredashboard
US /ˈdæʃˌbɔrd, -ˌbord/
UK /ˈdæʃbɔ:d/
- Noun
- Console of a car or vehicle
C1Moredatum
US /ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm/
UK /ˈdeɪtəm/
- Noun
- Item of factual information
B1Moredeal with
US /dil wɪð/
UK /di:l wið/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To buy or sell goods or services.
- Phrasal Verb
- To take action to solve a problem or manage a situation.
- To be about; concern.
A1Moredepending on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
- Influenced or determined by.
- Preposition
- Subject to; contingent on
- Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
A2Moredespite the fact
US
UK
- Preposition
- In spite of; notwithstanding.
- Conjunction
- Even though; although.
A2Moredistribution
US /ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən/
UK /ˌdɪstrɪˈbju:ʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Dividing or spreading out to others
- Act of sending products to stores to sell
- Adjective
- Sending products to stores to sell
B1Moredown the line
US /daʊn ði laɪn/
UK /daun ðə lain/
- Phrase
- At a later time; in the future.
- Completely; entirely; all the way.
- Adjective
- In agreement or accordance with something.
A1Moreedge
US /ɛdʒ/
UK /edʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An advantage you have over others
- Cutting side of a sharp object
- Transitive Verb
- To cut something to make the blade sharp
- To go around the boundary of something
A2TOEICMoreedge case
US
UK
- Noun
- A problem or situation that only occurs at extreme operating parameters.
- A situation that occurs only at the extreme end of possible conditions.
B1Moreend up with
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To have something as a result.
A1Moreessentially
US /ɪˈsenʃəli/
UK /ɪˈsenʃəli/
- Adverb
- Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)
- Used to emphasize the basic truth or fact of a situation.
A2Morefigure out
US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/
UK /ˈfiɡə aut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To understand the behavior of someone
- To think through logically to find a solution
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To understand or find an answer to something.
- To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
A1Morefirst three
US
UK
- Determiner
- The initial three items or elements in a series or sequence.
- Adjective
- Referring to the top three positions in a ranking or competition.
A1Morefood for thought
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- Something worth thinking seriously about.
A1Morefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
for free
US /fɔr fri/
UK /fɔ: fri:/
- Phrase
- Without charge; at no cost.
- Adjective
- Available without payment.
A2Morefor myself
US /fɚ maɪˈsɛlf/
UK /fə maɪˈself/
- other
- Done for one's own benefit or use.
A1Morefor the most part
US
UK
- Phrase
- Generally; mostly; on the whole.
- Mostly; generally; in most cases.
A1Morefor the rest
US /fɔr ði rɛst/
UK /fɔ: ðə rest/
- Phrase
- Concerning the remaining people or things.
- During the remaining part of a period of time.
A1Morefor the sake of
US /fɔr ði sek ʌv/
UK /fɔ: ðə seik ɔv/
- Phrase
- For the purpose of; in the interest of.
A1Morefrom scratch
US /frʌm skrætʃ/
UK /frɔm skrætʃ/
- Phrase
- From the very beginning; from nothing.
- From the very beginning; using new materials rather than something that already exists.
A1Morefunction
US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/
UK /'fʌŋkʃn/
- Noun
- Social event, or party such as a wedding
- Mathematical operation used in calculations
- Intransitive Verb
- To serve a certain purpose or role
- To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
A2TOEICMorego back to
US /ɡo bæk tu/
UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To return to a starting point
A1Morego on
US /ɡo ɑn/
UK /ɡəu ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To continue doing something
- To happen (usually negative)
- Interjection
- Used to encourage someone
A1Moregot to
US /ɡɑt tu/
UK /gɔt tu:/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To arrive at some place
- To have the opportunity or permission to do something
- Phrasal Verb
- To appeal to the emotions of; move
- To finally begin to start something after a delay
A1Moregrind to a halt
US /ɡraɪnd tə ə hɔlt/
UK /ɡraɪnd tə ə hɔ:lt/
- other
- To slow down gradually and then stop completely.
B2Morehalfway there
US
UK
- Phrase
- Having completed half of the required distance or task; making good progress.
- Interjection
- An expression of encouragement, indicating that significant progress has been made and the goal is within reach.
A1Morehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Moreimplement
US /ˈɪmpləmənt/
UK /ˈɪmplɪment/
- Transitive Verb
- To start to do something you plan to do
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A tool
B1TOEICMoreimplementation
US /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteʃən/
UK /ˌɪmplɪmen'teɪʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- A practical means for accomplishing something
B1TOEICMorein action
US
UK
- Phrase
- Actively doing something; performing a task or duty.
in fact
US /ɪn fækt/
UK /in fækt/
- Adverb
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
- Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
C1Morein general
US /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/
UK /in ˈdʒenərəl/
- Phrase
- Typically; usually; on the whole.
- Not specific or detailed; broadly.
- Adjective
- Not detailed or specific; overall.
C2Morein itself
US /ɪn ɪtˈsɛlf/
UK /in itˈself/
- Phrase
- Considered alone or without reference to anything else; intrinsically.
- Essentially; by its very nature.
in mind
US /ɪn maɪnd/
UK /in maind/
- Phrase
- Being aware of or considering something.
- To remember or consider something.
A2Morein my book
US /ɪn maɪ bʊk/
UK /ɪn maɪ bʊk/
- other
- According to my personal opinion or belief.
B2Morein order to
US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/
UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/
- Preposition
- For the purpose of; with the aim of.
- Phrase
- In a specific sequence or arrangement.
- With the aim of; for the purpose of.
C1Morein other words
US
UK
- Phrase
- Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
in parallel
US /ɪn ˈpærəˌlɛl/
UK /in ˈpærəlel/
- Adverb
- Done at the same time; simultaneously.
- Adjective
- Relating to a system where multiple operations are carried out simultaneously, especially in computing.
C2Morein particular
US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/
UK /in pəˈtikjulə/
- Phrase
- Specifically; especially.
- Detailed or precise.
A1Morein practice
US /ɪn ˈpræktɪs/
UK /in ˈpræktis/
- Phrase
- In reality or actual use; as opposed to in theory.
A1Morein return
US /ɪn rɪˈtɚn/
UK /in riˈtə:n/
- Adverb
- As a reciprocal action or gesture; in exchange or repayment.
- Phrase
- As compensation or consideration for something.
- As a reaction or response to something.
A1Morein terms of
US
UK
- Phrase
- With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
A1Morein the first place
US
UK
- Phrase
- To begin with; as the first point or consideration.
- From the beginning; initially.
A1Morein the past
US
UK
- Phrase
- During a former period of time; previously.
A1Morein theory
US /ɪn ˈθiəri/
UK /in ˈθiəri/
- Adverb
- According to the stated ideas or principles
- Phrase
- According to the theoretical possibilities rather than actual practice.
B2Morein time
US /ɪn taɪm/
UK /in taim/
- Adverb
- Eventually; after a period of time.
- Not late; with enough time to spare.
- Phrase
- Eventually; before it is too late.
- According to the scheduled time; punctual.
A1Moreindependent
US /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/
UK /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/
- Adjective
- Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
- Not connected with or influenced by something else.
- Noun
- A person not connected to a political party
- Someone who is independent, especially in politics or business.
A2TOEICMoreinterface
US /ˈɪntərfeɪs/
UK /ˈɪntəfeɪs/
- Noun
- Place where things come together to communicate
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make two different elements interact
B1Moreinvalid
US /ˈɪnvəlɪd/
UK /ɪn'vælɪd/
- Adjective
- Having no force; not acceptable
- Not factually or legally valid.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A person who is sick or in ill health
- Something that is not valid.
B2Moreinvoke
US /ɪnˈvok/
UK /ɪn'vəʊk/
- Transitive Verb
- To appeal for help/protection to higher authority
- To use a law, concept, or right to achieve a goal
B1Morekick off
US /kɪk ɔf/
UK /kik ɔf/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To start a football match.
- To start a campaign or event.
- Phrasal Verb
- To begin or start something.
- To remove (shoes) by kicking.
A1Morelook at
US /lʊk æt/
UK /luk æt/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use your eyes to focus on something
- To focus your eyes on something carefully
A1Moreloop
US /lup/
UK /lu:p/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A circle or curved shape, as when you tie a lace
- A circle of rope or string to put around something
- Transitive Verb
- To put a circle of rope around something
B2TOEICMoreno matter
US
UK
- Conjunction
- Regardless of; it does not matter.
- Adverb
- Regardless of; it is not important
A1Moreof course
US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/
UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/
- Adverb
- Sure ; Certainly
- Phrase
- For sure; certainly
A2Moreoff of
US /ɔf ʌv/
UK /ɔf ɔv/
- Preposition
- From a position on something; down from.
A1Moreon a daily basis
US
UK
- Phrase
- Happening every day.
A1Moreon board
US /ɑn bɔrd/
UK /ɔn bɔ:d/
- Phrase
- Being on a ship, plane, or other vehicle
- Adverb
- On or in a ship, aircraft, train, or other vehicle
A1Moreon paper
US /ɑn ˈpeɪpər/
UK /ɔn ˈpeipə/
- Phrase
- In theory or as a plan, but not necessarily in reality.
- Recorded in writing; documented.
A1Moreone and the same
US /wʌn ən ðə seɪm/
UK /wʌn ən ðə seɪm/
- other
- Exactly the same person or thing.
B1Moreopinion
US /əˈpɪnjən/
UK /əˈpɪnjən/
- Noun
- Court judge's statement why a decision was made
- A person's thoughts on a topic
A2TOEICMoreout of the way
US /aʊt ʌv ði we/
UK /aut ɔv ðə wei/
- Adjective
- Remote; isolated.
- No longer obstructing or hindering.
- Phrase
- Not obstructing or impeding progress; in a position where one does not cause an obstruction.
- Completed; finished; no longer needing attention.
B1Moreout there
US /aʊt ðɛr/
UK /aut ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a place that is far away
- Existing in the universe
- Adjective
- Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
- Existing or available.
A1Moreowing to
US /ˈoɪŋ tu/
UK /ˈəuiŋ tu:/
- Adverb
- Due to
- Preposition
- Because of; due to.
A2Morepoint in time
US
UK
- Noun
- A specific moment or instance when something occurs or exists.
- A significant juncture or stage in history or a sequence of events.
A1Moreprocess
US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/
UK /prə'ses/
- Transitive Verb
- To organize and use data in a computer
- To deal with official forms in the way required
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Dealing with official forms in the way required
- Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
A2TOEICMoreprogress
US /ˈprɑɡˌrɛs, -rəs, ˈproˌɡrɛs/
UK /'prəʊɡres/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To move forward or toward a place or goal
- To make progress; develop or improve.
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of moving forward
- The process of improving or developing something over a period of time.
A2TOEICMoreproper
US /ˈprɑpɚ/
UK /'prɒpə(r)/
- Adjective
- Correct according to social or moral rules
- Behaving in a polite and socially acceptable way.
A2TOEICMoreruntime
US /rʌn'taɪm/
UK /rʌn'taɪm/
- Uncountable Noun
- Length of time a machine operates
B2Moresame time
US
UK
- Phrase
- Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
- At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
- Noun
- An equal duration or period.
A1Moresee in
US /si ɪn/
UK /si: in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To accompany someone to the entrance of a building or room.
A1Moreseparate
US /'sepəreɪt/
UK /'sepəreɪt/
- Adjective
- Being different from or unrelated to another
- Not connected; different.
- Transitive Verb
- To divide two things by being in between them
- To move things away from each other
A2TOEICMoresequential
US /sɪˈkwɛnʃəl/
UK /sɪˈkwenʃl/
- Adjective
- Arranged or occurring in a certain order or series
B2Moreshapes and sizes
US
UK
- Phrase
- A wide variety of forms and dimensions.
B1Moresift through
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To examine something very carefully in order to find something important or useful.
A2Morespawn
US /spɔn/
UK /spɔ:n/
- Noun
- Product or result of something
- The young of some fish and animals
- Transitive Verb
- To produce something or make something happen
B2Morespecialist
US /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/
UK /'speʃəlɪst/
- Noun
- Person who works in one specific area or field
B1Morespeed things up
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To accelerate a process or activity; to make something happen faster.
A1Moresplit
US /splɪt/
UK /splɪt/
- Adjective
- No longer married or in a relationship
- (Injured) by cutting it open, as in someone's lip
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To become divided or broken along a straight line
- To cause a cut in (lip, etc.)
A2Moresplit the difference
US
UK
- Phrase
- To compromise by meeting in the middle of two different amounts or opinions.
- Idiom
- To find a compromise point that is halfway between two proposed amounts.
B1Morestack
US /stæk/
UK /stæk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A large number or amount of something
- Large tube through which smoke exits a building
- Transitive Verb
- To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
- To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes
B1TOEICMorestart up
US /stɑrt ʌp/
UK /stɑ:t ʌp/
- Countable Noun
- A newly established business.
- Phrasal Verb
- To begin or initiate something.
- To begin a new business or enterprise.
A1Morestructure
US /ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ/
UK /ˈstrʌk.tʃə/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The way in which the parts of a system or object are arranged or organized, or a system arranged in this way
- A building or other man-made object.
- Transitive Verb
- To plan, organize, or arrange the parts of something
A2TOEICMoresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moreswarm
US /swɔrm/
UK /swɔ:m/
- Countable Noun
- Large group of flying insects moving together
- (Of people) large group of people acting as one
- Intransitive Verb
- (Of bees) to form a group and leave the bee hive
- (Of people) to form a crowd and move together
B1Morethe following
US
UK
- Adjective
- Next in order or sequence.
- Uncountable Noun
- What is about to be said or written.
B1Morethink of
US /θɪŋk ʌv/
UK /θiŋk ɔv/
- Phrasal Verb
- To look on as (being something specific); consider
- To consider or remember something.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To imagine or call something to mind
A1Morethread
US /θrɛd/
UK /θred/
- Noun
- Spiral cut at the end of a bolt
- A long, very thin, material used to sew cloth
- Transitive Verb
- To move yourself through a crowded or narrow space
- To put wire, string, etc. through a hole or needle
B1TOEICMoretrace
US /tres/
UK /treɪs/
- Transitive Verb
- To make an outline to determine a shape
- To find someone or something that has disappeared
- Uncountable Noun
- Very small quantity of something
- A mark or other sign of the former presence or passage of something.
B1Moretrade off
US /treid ɔf/
UK /treid ɔf/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Exchange that occurs as a compromise
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To accept that you cannot have everything you want and give up something that is less important so that you can have what is more important.
- To balance two opposing situations or qualities; to compromise.
C2Moreultimately
US /ˈʌltəmɪtli/
UK /ˈʌltɪmətli/
- Adverb
- Done or considered as the final and most important
- Fundamentally; at the most basic level.
B1TOEICMoreup and running
US /ʌp ənd ˈrʌnɪŋ/
UK /ʌp ænd ˈrʌnɪŋ/
- Adjective
- Fully operational; functioning correctly.
- Active and operating successfully.
A1Moreup there
US /ʌp ðɛr/
UK /ʌp ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a higher place or position; far away.
- In heaven.
A1Moreusage
US /ˈjusɪdʒ, -zɪdʒ/
UK /ˈju:sɪdʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Amount something is used
- Way something is actually used
B2Morewait for
US /wet fɔr/
UK /weit fɔ:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To wait until someone comes, or something happens
A1Morewith it
US /wɪð ɪt/
UK /wið it/
- Adjective
- Intelligent, alert, and up-to-date.
- Understanding and knowledgeable about current trends or information.
A1Morewithout further ado
US /wɪðˈaʊt ˈfɚðɚ əˈdu/
UK /wiˈðaut ˈfə:ðə əˈdu:/
- Phrase
- Without unnecessary delay or introduction; immediately.
A2Morework on
US /wɚk ɑn/
UK /wə:k ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To devote effort to improve or develop something
- To try to persuade or influence someone.
A1Morework together
US /wɚk təˈɡɛðɚ/
UK /wə:k təˈɡeðə/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To collaborate or cooperate with others to achieve a common goal.
A1Morewrap up
US /ræp ʌp/
UK /ræp ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To complete something, such as a film or project
- To finish; bring something to a conclusion
- Transitive Verb
- To enclose (something) in paper or soft material.
B1Morewrestle with
US /ˈrɛsl wɪð/
UK /ˈresəl wɪð/
- other
- To struggle to understand or make a difficult decision.
B2More
