affect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreagency
US /ˈedʒənsi/
UK /'eɪdʒənsɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Business that provides some service for others
B1TOEICMoreagriculture
US /ˈæɡrɪˌkʌltʃɚ/
UK /ˈægrɪkʌltʃə(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- The science of farming
- The study of farming and related sciences.
A2Morealarm
US /əˈlɑ:rm/
UK /əˈlɑ:m/
- Noun
- Sound or light used for a warning or alert
- an alarm clock
- Transitive Verb
- To make someone unpleasantly surprised
A2Morealert
US /əˈlɚt/
UK /ə'lɜ:t/
- Adjective
- Being aware and able to respond quickly
- Transitive Verb
- To warn someone so they can respond to it
B1TOEICMoreat home
US /æt hom/
UK /æt həum/
- Phrase
- In one's own residence or country.
- Adjective
- Feeling comfortable and relaxed.
at least
US /æt list/
UK /æt li:st/
- Adverb
- As a minimum
- Not less than
- Phrase
- No less than; at the minimum
- Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
C2Moreauthentication
US
UK
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of proving that something is genuine, not fake
B1Moreblame
US /blem/
UK /bleɪm/
- Transitive Verb
- To say someone is responsible for something bad
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of saying someone did something bad
A2TOEICMorecause
US /kɔz/
UK /kɔ:z/
- Noun
- Belief, goal or organization that people support
- Reason for
- Transitive Verb
- To make something happen; create effect or result
A2Morecorrespondent
US /ˌkɔrɪˈspɑndənt, ˌkɑr-/
UK /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndənt/
- Countable Noun
- Journalist, as one reporting from other countries
B1Morecrippling
US /ˈkrɪplɪŋ/
UK /'krɪplɪŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To hurt and make useless
B2Morecyber
US /'saɪbə/
UK /'saɪbə/
- Adjective
- Concerning the internet
B1Moredefault
US /dɪˈfɔlt/
UK /dɪ'fɔ:lt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Automatic setting when no indicated preference
- Failure to meet an agreement or make a payment
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To fail to meet as agreed; failure to pay
- To return to a previously determined state
B2TOEICMoreenforcement
US /ɪn'fɔ:smənt/
UK /ɪn'fɔ:smənt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Process of making sure that rules are followed
- The act of compelling observance of or compliance with a law, rule, or obligation.
B1Morefactor
US /ˈfæktɚ/
UK /'fæktə(r)/
- Noun
- Something that influences a result
- Transitive Verb
- To consider or include in an estimate or judgment
- To find the two numbers a number can be divided by
A2TOEICMorefeasible
US /ˈfizəbəl/
UK /ˈfi:zəbl/
- Adjective
- Possible; that you can believe will work/succeed
B2TOEICMorefederal
US /ˈfɛdərəl, ˈfɛdrəl/
UK /'fedərəl/
- Adjective
- Consisting of several united states
- Relating to a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
- Proper Noun
- The central banking system of the United States.
B1Morefend
US /fɛnd/
UK /fend/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try to manage for yourself without assistance
B2Morefend off
US /fɛnd ɔf/
UK /fend ɔf/
- Phrasal Verb
- To defend and keep (threats) at distance
- To ward off or protect oneself from something unwanted or unpleasant.
B2Morefreezer
US /ˈfrizɚ/
UK /ˈfri:zə(r)/
- Countable Noun
- Electric refrigerator operating below zero degrees
B1Morehack
US /hæk/
UK /hæk/
- Transitive Verb
- To illegally access someone else's computer
- To cut away plants and branches to make a path
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Dry cough
- Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
B1TOEICMorehealthcare
US /'helθker/
UK /'helθkeə/
- Uncountable Noun
- Nursing care to prevent illness or recover from it
B1Morein the past
US
UK
- Phrase
- During a former period of time; previously.
A1Moreindustrial
US /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/
UK /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning making things in factories
- Noun
- A worker in industry.
- A company involved in industrial production.
A2Moreinfrastructure
US /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃɚ/
UK /'ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/
- Uncountable Noun
- Basic necessary equipment for a country or region
- The underlying framework or system of an organization.
B1Moreinvestigate
US /ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡet/
UK /ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try to find out facts; to carry out research
A2Moreinvestigation
US /ɪnˌvɛstɪˈɡeʃən/
UK /ɪnˌvestɪ'ɡeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Search for information about something
B1Moreissue
US /ˈɪʃu/
UK /'ɪʃu:/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something available to be used or sold
- To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
- Single edition of a magazine
A2TOEICMoremalfunction
US /mælˈfʌŋkʃən/
UK /ˌmæl'fʌŋkʃn/
- Noun
- A failure of something to work properly
- Intransitive Verb
- To fail to work correctly
C1Moremilitary
US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/
UK /'mɪlətrɪ/
- Noun
- Army or armed forces
- Adjective
- Concerning the army or navy
B1Moremultiple
US /ˈmʌltəpəl/
UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/
- Adjective
- Having or involving more than one of something
- Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
- Countable Noun
- Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
- A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
B1Moreoutdate
US /aʊt'deɪt/
UK /aʊt'deɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To be older than
B2Morerecommend
US /ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd/
UK /ˌrekə'mend/
- Transitive Verb
- To advise or suggest that someone do something
- To endorse or support something publicly.
A2TOEICMorerely
US /rɪˈlaɪ/
UK /rɪ'laɪ/
- Intransitive Verb
- Depend on with full trust or confidence
- To trust or have confidence in someone.
B2TOEICMoreremote
US /rɪˈmot/
UK /rɪ'məʊt/
- Adjective
- Being far away from people, towns, etc.
- (Of a possibility) being small or not likely
- Noun
- Radio device designed to operate TV, etc.
A2TOEICMoresecurity
US /sɪˈkjʊrɪti/sə'kjurətɪ/
UK /sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/
- Noun
- Department in a company in charge of protection
- Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
A2TOEICMoreset up
US /sɛt ʌp/
UK /set ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make arrangements for something; establish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To arrange or prepare something for use.
- To start a business, organization, etc.
A1Moreshut down
US /ʃʌt daʊn/
UK /ʃʌt daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
- To stop a factory/machine from operating
- Transitive Verb
- To deactivate a nuclear reactor.
- To turn off a computer or other electronic device.
A2Morestatement
US / ˈstetmənt/
UK /ˈsteɪtmənt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Record of activity in a bank account over time
- Act or process of saying something formally
A2TOEICMoretalking about
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To discuss a particular topic.
- To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
A1Moretarget
US /ˈtɑrɡɪt/
UK /'tɑ:ɡɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A goal or amount you are trying to achieve
- Group you are trying to sell to or influence
- Transitive Verb
- To try to influence; direct a message toward
- (Army) to aim an attack at something
A2TOEICMoretough
US /tʌf/
UK /tʌf/
- Adjective
- (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
- Very difficult to do or deal with
- Noun
- A rough and aggressive person.
A2Moreunnecessary
US /ʌnˈnesəseri/
UK /ʌnˈnesəsəri/
- Adjective
- Being more than needed or not needed
B1TOEICMore
Vocabulary
- in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
- at least: As a minimum
- fend off: To defend and keep (threats) at distance
- set up
- at home: In one's own residence or country.
- shut down: To close an operating system, e.g. on a computer
- talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
- tough: (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
- multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
- recommend: To advise or suggest that someone do something
- infrastructure: Basic necessary equipment for a country or region
- experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
- default: Automatic setting when no indicated preference
- blame: To say someone is responsible for something bad
- alert: Being aware and able to respond quickly
- statement: Record of activity in a bank account over time
- field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
- military: Army or armed forces
- affect: To cause a change in something else
- issue: To make something available to be used or sold
- address: Exact street location of a place
- federal: Consisting of several united states
- cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
- remote: Being far away from people, towns, etc.
- security: Department in a company in charge of protection
- factor: Something that influences a result
- guess: To give an answer without knowing if it is correct
- agriculture: The science of farming
- feasible: Possible; that you can believe will work/succeed
- lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- agency: Business that provides some service for others
- rely: Depend on with full trust or confidence
- correspondent: Journalist, as one reporting from other countries
- suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
- investigate: To try to find out facts; to carry out research
- target: A goal or amount you are trying to achieve
- industrial: Concerning making things in factories
- hack: To illegally access someone else's computer
- alarm: Sound or light used for a warning or alert
- investigation: Search for information about something
- important: Having power or authority
- place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
- sound: Sensible, dependable and reliable
- order: Religious or social group, as of nuns
- enforcement: Process of making sure that rules are followed
- fact: Something that is known or proved to be true
- simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
- government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
- change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
- set: Prepared for something; ready
- malfunction: A failure of something to work properly
- cyber: Concerning the internet
- fend: To try to manage for yourself without assistance
- authentication: Act of proving that something is genuine, not fake
- unnecessary: Being more than needed or not needed
- crippling: To hurt and make useless
- freezer: Electric refrigerator operating below zero degrees
- healthcare: Nursing care to prevent illness or recover from it
- outdate: To be older than
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Government warns of hackers targeting freezers in the U.S.
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/11/07Did you know that everyday appliances like freezers are now potential targets for cyberattacks? Check out this eye-opening interview to learn how authorities are responding to these security risks and pick up some essential tech vocabulary like 'malicious actors' and 'multi-factor authentication' along the way.
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