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Vocabulary

  • go back to: To return to a starting point
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • sphere of influence: A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
  • turned out: To arrive for a public event or entertainment
  • out of it: Unconscious or not completely alert; dazed or confused.
  • show in: To lead someone into a room or building.
  • as long as: For the period that; provided that.
  • pick up on: To notice or become aware of something that is not obvious.
  • down the middle: In or along the center of something.
  • draw up: To create a formal document
  • carve out: To create or obtain something through effort or skill.
  • on the back of: As a result of or following something.
  • came off: To succeed in doing; complete something
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • on the table: Located on the surface of a table.
  • just kind of: Used to express a feeling or state in a vague or hesitant way.
  • being with: Accompanying someone; being in someone's presence.
  • in terms of
  • have to: Must do
  • give away
  • carve up: To divide something into portions or shares.
  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • push back: To force someone to withdraw or retreat
  • in the way: Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
  • in the future: At a later time; in times to come.
  • for someone: On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
  • catch up: To become equal with another person
  • smash up: To violently destroy or break something into pieces.
  • except that: But; with the exception that.
  • sit back: To relax and take it easy.
  • got to: To arrive at some place
  • specific: Precise; particular; just about that thing
  • sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
  • basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
  • matter: To be of great importance; to count
  • utterly: Completely
  • sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
  • imagine: To think creatively about; form mental picture of
  • influence: To affect or change something indirectly
  • exist: To be present, alive or real
  • military: Army or armed forces
  • maintain: To keep saying something a certain way
  • deal: To cope with something - usually troubles
  • stack: A large number or amount of something
  • require: To demand that someone does something
  • comparison: Act of comparing things
  • hemisphere: One half of a rounded, ball-like object
  • threat: Warning of probable trouble
  • rhetoric: The study of public speaking or writing techniques
  • rest: Time when one relaxes, sleeps, or is inactive
  • dominance: Having more power, success than others
  • agenda: Plan or policy to achieve your goal or intentions
  • dawn: First light of day
  • trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
  • major: High-ranking officer in the army
  • mind: To be bothered or upset by something
  • fundamentally: In a basic and important way
  • delusional: Suffering false beliefs based on little evidence
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • ironic: Funny because it is the opposite of the truth
  • forge: To create something by hammering hot metal
  • century: Period of 100 years
  • important: Having power or authority
  • kind: In a caring and helpful manner
  • order: Religious or social group, as of nuns
  • president: Person in charge of a country, or organization
  • control: A device designed to operate a machine
  • carve: To cut a piece of cooked meat into thin slices
  • summit: Official meeting(s) of the leaders of countries
  • point: An item to be discussed
  • sovereign: King, queen, emperor etc. of a country
  • nuclear: Concerning or involving the center of an atom
  • union: Act of joining two or more things into one
  • sphere: Area of interest or activity
  • occupy: To enter and take control of land/property
  • tech: Shortened form of 'technology' or 'technician'
  • datum: Item of factual information
  • geography: Study of the earth and its natural features
  • mark: Person's name
  • victory: Defeating or beating someone or something
  • pre: A prefix meaning 'before'
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    • agenda

      US /əˈdʒɛndə/

      UK /ə'dʒendə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Plan or policy to achieve your goal or intentions
      • Outcome you want to happen but do not reveal
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • as long as

      US /æz lɔŋ æz/

      UK /æz lɔŋ æz/

      • Conjunction
      • For the period that; provided that.
      • For the length of time that
      • Preposition
      • On the condition that; providing that.
      • Having the same length as.
      A1
      More
    • basically

      US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/

      UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • Used before you explain something simply, clearly
      • In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
      A2
      More
    • being with

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • Accompanying someone; being in someone's presence.
      • Supporting someone's opinion or cause.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • Accompanying someone; spending time with someone.
      • Supporting someone; agreeing with someone.
      A1
      More
    • came off

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To succeed in doing; complete something
      • To detach or come away from something in pieces
      A1
      More
    • carve

      US /kɑ:rv/

      UK /kɑ:v/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cut a piece of cooked meat into thin slices
      • To make a cut in, e.g. to write your name on tree
      B1
      More
    • carve out

      US /kɑrv aʊt/

      UK /kɑ:v aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To create or obtain something through effort or skill.
      • To separate or isolate something from a larger whole.
      C2
      More
    • carve up

      US /kɑrv ʌp/

      UK /kɑ:v ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To divide something into portions or shares.
      C2
      More
    • catch up

      US /kætʃ ʌp/

      UK /kætʃ ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To become equal with another person
      • To inform others of the latest news
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To do something that you have not been able to do recently.
      • To meet someone you know in order to talk to them and find out what they have been doing.
      A1
      More
    • comparison

      US /kəmˈpærɪsən/

      UK /kəmˈpærɪsn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of comparing things
      • The quality or state of being similar or alike.
      A2
      More
    • datum

      US /ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm/

      UK /ˈdeɪtəm/

      • Noun
      • Item of factual information
      B1
      More
    • dawn

      US /dɔn/

      UK /dɔ:n/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • First light of day
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To begin to grow light as the sun rises
      • To begin to be understood for the first time
      B1
      More
    • delusional

      US /dɪ'lu:ʒnəl/

      UK /dɪ'lu:ʒnəl/

      • Adjective
      • Suffering false beliefs based on little evidence
      • Suffering from delusions.
      B2
      More
    • dominance

      US /ˈdɑmənəns/

      UK /'dɒmɪnəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Having more power, success than others
      • Power and influence over others.
      B1
      More
    • down the middle

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In or along the center of something.
      • (In baseball) directly over the center of home plate.
      • Adjective
      • Taking a neutral or moderate position; avoiding extremes.
      More
    • draw up

      US /drɔ ʌp/

      UK /drɔ: ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To create a formal document
      • To stand straight to make yourself look taller
      A1
      More
    • except that

      US /ɪkˈsɛpt ðæt/

      UK /ikˈsept ðæt/

      • Conjunction
      • But; with the exception that.
      A2
      More
    • for someone

      US /fɚ ˈsʌmwʌn/

      UK /fə ˈsʌmwʌn/

      • other
      • On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
      A1
      More
    • forge

      US /fɔ:rdʒ/

      UK /fɔ:dʒ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To create something by hammering hot metal
      • To form something new, such a relationship
      • Countable Noun
      • A furnace to melt and shape metals with heat
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • fundamentally

      US /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl:ɪ/

      UK /ˌfʌndəˈmentəli/

      • Adverb
      • In a basic and important way
      • In a complete and thorough way
      B1
      More
    • geography

      US /dʒiˈɑ:grəfi/

      UK /dʒiˈɒgrəfi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Study of the earth and its natural features
      B1
      More
    • give away

      US /ɡɪv əˈwe/

      UK /ɡiv əˈwei/

      • Phrase
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To let others have something you own
      • To tell (a secret)
      A1
      More
    • go back to

      US /ɡo bæk tu/

      UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To return to a starting point
      A1
      More
    • got to

      US /ɡɑt tu/

      UK /gɔt tu:/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To arrive at some place
      • To have the opportunity or permission to do something
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To appeal to the emotions of; move
      • To finally begin to start something after a delay
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • hemisphere

      US /ˈhɛmɪˌsfɪr/

      UK /ˈhemɪsfɪə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One half of a rounded, ball-like object
      • One of the two masses forming the brain
      B2
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • in the future

      US /ɪn ði ˈfjutʃɚ/

      UK /in ðə ˈfju:tʃə/

      • Phrase
      • At a later time; in times to come.
      A1
      More
    • in the way

      US /ɪn ði we/

      UK /in ðə wei/

      • Phrase
      • Obstructing someone or something; hindering progress.
      • Stored or placed so as to be available or ready when needed.
      A1
      More
    • influence

      US / ˈɪnfluəns/

      UK /'ɪnflʊəns/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To affect or change something indirectly
      • To persuade someone to do something.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The power to affect what happens, to persuade etc.
      • A person or thing that affects someone or something in an important way.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • ironic

      US /aɪˈrɑnɪk/

      UK /aɪˈrɒnɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Funny because it is the opposite of the truth
      B2
      More
    • just kind of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Used to express a feeling or state in a vague or hesitant way.
      • Used to indicate something is approximately or generally similar to something else.
      A2
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • maintain

      US /menˈten/

      UK /meɪn'teɪn/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To keep saying something a certain way
      • To keep (machine) working by checking, repairing
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • major

      US /ˈmedʒɚ/

      UK /'meɪdʒə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • High-ranking officer in the army
      • Main subject you study at university
      • Adjective
      • Main league; esp. referring to American baseball
      • Important, serious, or large in scope, size
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • mark

      US /mɑrk/

      UK /mɑ:k/

      • Proper Noun
      • Person's name
      • Transitive Verb
      • To put a dirty spot or line on something
      • To give a grade for homework
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • military

      US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/

      UK /'mɪlətrɪ/

      • Noun
      • Army or armed forces
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the army or navy
      B1
      More
    • nuclear

      US /ˈnukliɚ, ˈnju-/

      UK /ˈnju:kliə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning or involving the center of an atom
      A2
      More
    • occupy

      US /ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ/

      UK /'ɒkjʊpaɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To enter and take control of land/property
      • To fill a time, a space, or an area
      A2
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • on the back of

      US /ɑn ðə bæk əv/

      UK /ɒn ðə bæk əv/

      • other
      • As a result of or following something.
      B2
      More
    • on the table

      US /ɑn ði ˈtebəl/

      UK /ɔn ðə ˈteibl/

      • Phrase
      • Located on the surface of a table.
      • Available for consideration or discussion.
      A1
      More
    • out of it

      US /aʊt ʌv ɪt/

      UK /aut ɔv it/

      • Adjective
      • Unconscious or not completely alert; dazed or confused.
      • Not able to think clearly or react quickly; not with it.
      A1
      More
    • pick up on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To notice or become aware of something that is not obvious.
      • To learn something by watching or listening to other people.
      A1
      More
    • pre

      US

      UK

      • Prefix
      • A prefix meaning 'before'
      B2
      More
    • president

      US /ˈprɛzɪdənt,-ˌdɛnt/

      UK /ˈprezɪdənt/

      • Noun
      • Person in charge of a country, or organization
      • The highest-ranking executive in a corporation or organization.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • push back

      US /pʊʃ bæk/

      UK /puʃ bæk/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To force someone to withdraw or retreat
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To resist or oppose something.
      • To move something to a later time or date; to postpone.
      A1
      More
    • require

      US /rɪˈkwaɪr/

      UK /rɪ'kwaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demand that someone does something
      • To need to do something, to make it necessary
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rhetoric

      US /ˈrɛtərɪk/

      UK /ˈretərɪk/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The study of public speaking or writing techniques
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • show in

      US /ʃo ɪn/

      UK /ʃəu ɪn/

      • other
      • To lead someone into a room or building.
      A2
      More
    • sit back

      US /sit bæk/

      UK /sit bæk/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To relax and take it easy.
      • To refrain from taking action or getting involved.
      A1
      More
    • smash up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To violently destroy or break something into pieces.
      B2
      More
    • sovereign

      US /ˈsɑ:vrən/

      UK /ˈsɒvrɪn/

      • Countable Noun
      • King, queen, emperor etc. of a country
      B2
      More
    • specific

      US /spɪˈsɪfɪk/

      UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Precise; particular; just about that thing
      • Concerning one particular thing or kind of thing
      A2
      More
    • sphere

      US /sfɪr/

      UK /sfɪə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Area of interest or activity
      • A round 3D object shaped like a ball
      B1
      More
    • sphere of influence

      US /sfɪr ʌv ˈɪnfluəns/

      UK /sfiə ɔv ˈinfluəns/

      • Noun
      • A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
      • The economic power that a country or organization has over a particular area.
      A1
      More
    • stack

      US /stæk/

      UK /stæk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A large number or amount of something
      • Large tube through which smoke exits a building
      • Transitive Verb
      • To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
      • To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • summit

      US /ˈsʌmɪt/

      UK /'sʌmɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Official meeting(s) of the leaders of countries
      • Highest part or top point of a mountain
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • reach the summit of (a mountain or hill).
      B1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • tech

      US /tɛk/

      UK /tek/

      • Noun
      • Shortened form of 'technology' or 'technician'
      A2
      More
    • threat

      US /θrɛt/

      UK /θret/

      • Noun
      • Warning of probable trouble
      • A warning that you may be harmed
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • trade

      US /treid/

      UK /treɪd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
      • Action of buying and selling things in business
      • Transitive Verb
      • To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
      • To give something in return for something else
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • turned out

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To arrive for a public event or entertainment
      • To happen to be in the end
      • Transitive Verb
      • To extinguish or switch off lights.
      A1
      More
    • union

      US /ˈjunjən/

      UK /'ju:nɪən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act of joining two or more things into one
      • Marriage
      • Proper Noun
      • The United States of America, especially during the Civil War.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • utterly

      US /ˈʌtəli/

      UK /'ʌtəli:/

      • Adverb
      • Completely
      B2
      More
    • victory

      US /ˈvɪktəri/

      UK /'vɪktərɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Defeating or beating someone or something
      • An instance of having overcome a challenge or obstacle; an achievement.
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    A2
    #putin#trump#nuclear#world#ukraine#vladimir

    Should the world fear Trump-Putin-Xi collusion? | The Economist

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/11/06
    Curious about the implications of a potential summit between Trump, Putin, and Xi? This insightful discussion explores whether the idea of a modern 'Yalta' meeting is a realistic path to diplomacy or a dangerous misunderstanding of global power dynamics. You'll pick up sophisticated political vocabulary and learn how to debate complex concepts like 'spheres of influence' with ease.

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