above all
US /əˈbʌv ɔl/
UK /əˈbʌv ɔ:l/
- Phrase
- Most importantly; more than anything else.
A1Moreadmire
US /ædˈmaɪr/
UK /əd'maɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To feel respect or wonder toward someone
A2Moreat night
US /æt naɪt/
UK /æt nait/
- Phrase
- During the night; in the nighttime.
A1Moreback then
US
UK
- Phrase
- At that time in the past.
A1Morebarley
US /ˈbɑ:rli/
UK /ˈbɑ:li/
- Countable Noun
- Plant producing grain used in food and alcohol
B2Morebeat back
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To repel or drive back an attacking force.
- To suppress or control a feeling or emotion.
B1Morebedrock
US /ˈbɛdˌrɑk/
UK /'bedrɒk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Fundamental idea underlying a concept
- Solid rock under the level of soil in the ground
C1Morebehind the scenes
US
UK
- Phrase
- Secretly or without being known to the public.
- In a position to influence events without any public knowledge.
A1Morecalendar
US /ˈkæləndɚ/
UK /ˈkælɪndə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A table showing the days, months and years
- A system for organizing days, weeks, months, and years.
B1Morecarve
US /kɑ:rv/
UK /kɑ:v/
- Transitive Verb
- To cut a piece of cooked meat into thin slices
- To make a cut in, e.g. to write your name on tree
B1Morecivilization
US /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeʃən/
UK /ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A highly developed society
B2Moreclay
US /kle/
UK /kleɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Heavy sticky earth used to make pottery
- Proper Noun
- Person's name
B1Moreclimate
US /ˈklaɪmɪt/
UK /ˈklaɪmət/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Typical weather conditions in a particular place
- The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.
A2Morecome back
US /kʌm bæk/
UK /kʌm bæk/
- Phrasal Verb
- To reply to someone, often forcefully
- To be remembered
A1Morecome together
US /kʌm təˈɡɛðɚ/
UK /kʌm təˈɡeðə/
- Phrasal Verb
- To assemble or unite; to start working together.
- To form a close relationship or bond.
A1Moreculture
US /ˈkʌltʃɚ/
UK /'kʌltʃə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Beliefs and customs of a particular group
- The customs, beliefs, art, and all the other things that a group of people share and consider important.
- Transitive Verb
- To grow cells, tissues, bacteria, etc. in a controlled environment.
A2Moredam
US /dæm/
UK /dæm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Wall built to stop the flow of water
- Transitive Verb
- To build a wall to prevent a river from flowing
B1Moredesire
US / dɪˈzaɪr/
UK /dɪ'zaɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To wish for, hope or want something
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Thing that is wished for or wanted
- A strong feeling of sexual wanting.
A2Moredistant
US /ˈdɪstənt/
UK /'dɪstənt/
- Adjective
- Unfriendly; cold
- Existing or happening far away in place or time
B1Moreemerge
US /ɪˈmɚdʒ/
UK /ɪ'mɜ:dʒ/
- Intransitive Verb
- To rise or appear out of some background
- To become known or apparent.
A2TOEICMoreepic
US /ˈɛpɪk/
UK /'epɪk/
- Adjective
- Going on for a long time; awe-inspiring
- Noun
- A long story, often about many people and events
B2Moreera
US /'ɪrə/
UK /'ɪərə/
- Noun
- Period characterized by particular events, people
- A major division of geological time, usually divided into periods.
B1Morefeel like
US
UK
- Intransitive Verb
- To have a desire or inclination for something.
- To have a particular quality or sensation; resemble.
A1Morefor sure
US /fɔr ʃʊr/
UK /fɔ: ʃuə/
- Adverb
- Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
- Used to emphasize a statement.
- Interjection
- An expression of strong agreement or affirmation.
A2Morefrom memory
US /frəm ˈmɛməri/
UK /frəm ˈmeməri/
- other
- Using only your memory without any help or notes.
B2Morefrom that time
US
UK
- Phrase
- Starting at a specific point in the past and continuing forward.
- Referring to a period that began in the past.
A1Moregrain
US /ɡren/
UK /greɪn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Seeds of plants used for food
- Natural pattern in something, e.g. wood
B1TOEICMorehumanity
US /hjuˈmænɪti/
UK /hju:ˈmænəti/
- Uncountable Noun
- Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
- Compassionate behavior, especially towards those suffering.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- All human beings collectively; the human race.
A2Morein motion
US /ɪn ˈmoʃən/
UK /in ˈməuʃən/
- Phrase
- Moving; not stationary.
C2Morein the dark
US /ɪn ði dɑrk/
UK /in ðə dɑ:k/
- Adjective
- Uninformed about something; unaware.
- Phrase
- In a state of secrecy or ignorance.
- In a place with little or no light.
A1Morein the ground
US
UK
- Phrase
- Located within or beneath the surface of the earth.
- Referring to something placed or growing in soil.
A1Morein the middle of
US
UK
- Phrase
- In the central part or point of something.
- Engaged or occupied with something.
A2Moreinvisible
US /ɪnˈvɪzəbəl/
UK /ɪnˈvɪzəbl/
- Adjective
- Being unable to be seen
- Of money earned from services, instead of products
B1TOEICMorelead to
US /lid tu/
UK /li:d tu:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To result in some action
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have something as a consequence or result.
A1Morelike the wind
US /laɪk ðə wɪnd/
UK /laɪk ðə wɪnd/
- other
- Moving very fast, quickly like the wind blows.
B1Morelook back
US /lʊk bæk/
UK /luk bæk/
- Phrasal Verb
- To think about past events
A1Moremillennium
US /məˈlɛniəm/
UK /mɪˈleniəm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Period of time that lasts one thousand years
- The anniversary of a thousand years.
B2TOEICMorenaked
US /ˈnekɪd/
UK /ˈneɪkɪd/
- Adjective
- Not wearing any clothes; without covering
B1Moreopening up
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- Revealing one's thoughts and feelings; becoming more communicative.
- Creating new opportunities or possibilities.
B2Morepermanent
US /ˈpɚmənənt/
UK /'pɜ:mənənt/
- Adjective
- Lasting forever; not temporary or changing
- Intended to last or remain for an unlimited period
- Noun
- A person who is a permanent employee.
- A chemical treatment to create lasting curls or waves in the hair.
B1TOEICMorepicks up
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To catch a criminal and take to police station
- To start again where you left off
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- Learns or acquires something, often quickly or without effort.
- Collects someone or something.
A1Moreplanet
US /ˈplænɪt/
UK /'plænɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- One of the bodies that orbit the sun
- A different world or sphere of existence.
- Proper Noun
- The earth.
A2Moreprogress
US /ˈprɑɡˌrɛs, -rəs, ˈproˌɡrɛs/
UK /'prəʊɡres/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To move forward or toward a place or goal
- To make progress; develop or improve.
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of moving forward
- The process of improving or developing something over a period of time.
A2TOEICMorerather than
US
UK
- Adverb
- More exactly; more correctly
- Preferably; instead
- Preposition
- Instead of
A1Morerequire
US /rɪˈkwaɪr/
UK /rɪ'kwaɪə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To demand that someone does something
- To need to do something, to make it necessary
A2TOEICMorescale
US /skel/
UK /skeɪl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Size, level, or amount when compared
- Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change the size of but keep the proportions
- To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
A2TOEICMorescheme of things
US
UK
- Phrase
- The way that things are generally ordered or arranged in the world or in a particular situation.
- A person's place or importance in relation to other things.
A1Moresheep
US /ʃip/
UK /ʃi:p/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Animal with a woolly coat raised for meat or wool
- Noun
- Person who behaves as others do, without thinking
B1Moreshift
US /ʃɪft/
UK /ʃɪft/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change in position or direction
- To move something from one place to another
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A change in a persons plans, opinions or beliefs
- Period of work starting at a certain time
A2Morespread
US /sprɛd/
UK /spred/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- The distance between two things
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To place over a large area; to cover a large area
- (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
A2TOEICMorestraight
US /stret/
UK /streɪt/
- Adjective
- Not having curves, bends, or angles
- Not gay; heterosexual
- Adverb
- in a line; immediately; honestly and directly
- In a straight line; directly.
A2TOEICMorethink about
US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/
UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/
- Phrasal Verb
- To consider something carefully.
- To remember or call to mind.
A1Moretrade
US /treid/
UK /treɪd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
- Action of buying and selling things in business
- Transitive Verb
- To buy, sell and exchange goods in business
- To give something in return for something else
A2TOEICMoreunique
US /juˈnik/
UK /jʊ'ni:k/
- Adjective
- Unlike other things; being the only one like it
- Remarkably special or unusual.
A2TOEICMore
Vocabulary
- think about: To consider something carefully.
- come together: To assemble or unite; to start working together.
- like the wind: Moving very fast, quickly like the wind blows.
- scheme of things: The way that things are generally ordered or arranged in the world or in a particular situation.
- in the middle of: In the central part or point of something.
- look back: To think about past events
- back then: At that time in the past.
- lead to: To result in some action
- for sure: Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
- in motion: Moving; not stationary.
- come back: To reply to someone, often forcefully
- in the ground: Located within or beneath the surface of the earth.
- rather than: More exactly; more correctly
- opening up: Revealing one's thoughts and feelings; becoming more communicative.
- at night: During the night; in the nighttime.
- feel like: To have a desire or inclination for something.
- above all: Most importantly; more than anything else.
- beat back: To repel or drive back an attacking force.
- from that time: Starting at a specific point in the past and continuing forward.
- picks up: To catch a criminal and take to police station
- from memory: Using only your memory without any help or notes.
- in the dark: Uninformed about something; unaware.
- behind the scenes: Secretly or without being known to the public.
- permanent: Lasting forever; not temporary or changing
- period: Set amount of time during which events take place
- progress: To move forward or toward a place or goal
- matter: To be of great importance; to count
- straight: Not having curves, bends, or angles
- scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
- completely: In every way or as much as possible
- common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
- unique: Unlike other things; being the only one like it
- climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
- epic: Going on for a long time; awe-inspiring
- spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
- desire: To wish for, hope or want something
- shift: To change in position or direction
- admire: To feel respect or wonder toward someone
- emerge: To rise or appear out of some background
- require: To demand that someone does something
- form: Sports team or person's current winning record
- grain: Seeds of plants used for food
- suddenly: In an unexpected or very quick manner
- planet: One of the bodies that orbit the sun
- humanity: Quality of being understanding or sympathetic
- civilization: A highly developed society
- ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
- trade: A specific industry, e.g. shoe making
- invisible: Being unable to be seen
- era: Period characterized by particular events, people
- project: To predict what will happen in the future
- social: Involving activity with people, e.g. in free time
- distant: Unfriendly; cold
- calendar: A table showing the days, months and years
- naked: Not wearing any clothes; without covering
- culture: Beliefs and customs of a particular group
- single: One run in cricket or a hit baseball
- carve: To cut a piece of cooked meat into thin slices
- rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
- clay: Heavy sticky earth used to make pottery
- great: Very good; better than before
- turn: To become (a particular age)
- set: Prepared for something; ready
- grow: To get bigger and more mature; make plants do this
- millennium: Period of time that lasts one thousand years
- barley: Plant producing grain used in food and alcohol
- dam: Wall built to stop the flow of water
- bedrock: Fundamental idea underlying a concept
- sheep: Animal with a woolly coat raised for meat or wool
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
We Finally Know More About Humanity’s First Civilization
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/10/08Have you ever wondered what life was really like 12,000 years ago before written history began? This fascinating video explores the dawn of civilization through the lens of the 'Human Era' calendar, helping you pick up descriptive vocabulary related to archaeology and ancient history while challenging how you view our past.
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