Vocabulary

  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • have to: Must do
  • think about: To consider something carefully.
  • sift through: To examine something very carefully in order to find something important or useful.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
  • to scale: In proportion; maintaining accurate relative dimensions.
  • on fire: Very successful or popular
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • bring to: To make someone to wake up from being unconscious
  • perspective: Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
  • process: To organize and use data in a computer
  • content: Being happy or satisfied
  • critical: Making a negative judgment of something
  • scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • experience: Thing a person has done or that happened to them
  • practical: Relating to what is sensible, real or useful
  • exposure: Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
  • develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
  • harsh: Rough; tough; hard to experience or accept
  • mortality: Quality or state of being capable of dying
  • track: To use marks to follow a wild animal
  • initially: At first; originally
  • environment: Natural world in which plants and animals live
  • measure: Plan to achieve a desired result
  • toxic: Poisonous; harmful
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • quality: Feature associated with someone or something
  • exist: To be present, alive or real
  • concentration: Amount or number of something in a thing or place
  • field: Area of study, such as physics or biology
  • concern: To be about a particular topic
  • intentionally: With a plan to do or achieve something
  • surface: To give (road) a top layer
  • factor: Something that influences a result
  • scientific: Concerning academic study of the physical world
  • risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
  • ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
  • project: To predict what will happen in the future
  • drone: A remote controlled flying device
  • ratio: The relationship in relative size, etc.
  • assessment: Conclusion, opinion formed after due consideration
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • dioxide: An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
  • depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • manage: To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
  • sift: To look through and remove less valuable things
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • sustainability: Property of being able to be continued/repeated
  • allow: To admit the validity or truth of something
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • volunteer: Working willingly without pay to help others
  • hazardous: Involving danger, risk, and potential damages
  • deploy: To put into position (often a military operation)
  • density: Degree to which an area is filled or covered
  • combustion: An act or instance of burning
  • reside: To live in; dwell; to be present
  • unit: One apartment in a building
  • datum: Item of factual information
  • unavoidable: That cannot prevent from happening
  • partnership: Shared business relationship with someone
  • toxicity: Quality or degree of being poisonous
  • accelerator: Pedal that controls the speed a vehicle moves
  • smoke: To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
  • monoxide: Oxide with one atom of oxygen per molecule
  • firefighter: Person whose job is stopping and putting out fires
  • morbidity: Relative incidence of a particular disease
  • technologically: As regards technology
  • firefighting: Act of fighting fires (as a job)
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • accelerator

      US /ækˈsɛləˌretɚ/

      UK /əkˈseləreɪtə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Pedal that controls the speed a vehicle moves
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • assessment

      US /əˈsɛsmənt/

      UK /əˈsesmənt/

      • Noun
      • Conclusion, opinion formed after due consideration
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • bring to

      US /brɪŋ tu/

      UK /briŋ tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To make someone to wake up from being unconscious
      A1
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • combustion

      US /kəmˈbʌstʃən/

      UK /kəmˈbʌstʃən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • An act or instance of burning
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • concentration

      US /ˌkɑ:nsnˈtreɪʃn/

      UK /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Amount or number of something in a thing or place
      • Paying (a lot of) attention to a task
      A2
      More
    • concern

      US /kənˈsɚn/

      UK /kənˈsɜ:n/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To be about a particular topic
      • To have a direct impact on someone
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Company, firm or business
      • Feeling of worry or anxiety
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • content

      US /ˈkɑnˌtɛnt/

      UK /'kɒntent/

      • Adjective
      • Being happy or satisfied
      • In a state of peaceful happiness.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Information in something, e.g. book or computer
      • The subject matter of a book, speech, etc.
      A2
      More
    • critical

      US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

      UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Making a negative judgment of something
      • Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
      A2
      More
    • datum

      US /ˈdetəm, ˈdætəm, ˈdɑtəm/

      UK /ˈdeɪtəm/

      • Noun
      • Item of factual information
      B1
      More
    • density

      US /ˈdɛnsɪti/

      UK /ˈdensəti/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Degree to which an area is filled or covered
      • The degree of compactness of a substance.
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • depend

      US /dɪˈpend/

      UK /dɪˈpend/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
      • To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • deploy

      US /dɪˈplɔɪ/

      UK /dɪˈplɔɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To put into position (often a military operation)
      • To put something into use or action.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • dioxide

      US /daɪˈɑksaɪd/

      UK /daɪˈɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
      B2
      More
    • drone

      US /dron/

      UK /drəʊn/

      • Countable Noun
      • A remote controlled flying device
      • Male bee
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To talk in a continually dull or monotonous voice
      • To make a continuous low humming sound.
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • exposure

      US /ɪkˈspoʒɚ/

      UK /ɪk'spəʊʒə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Allowing light through a cameras lens onto film
      • Being talked about in the media
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • factor

      US /ˈfæktɚ/

      UK /'fæktə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Something that influences a result
      • Transitive Verb
      • To consider or include in an estimate or judgment
      • To find the two numbers a number can be divided by
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • firefighter

      US /ˈfaɪərfaɪtə(r)/

      UK /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Person whose job is stopping and putting out fires
      C2
      More
    • firefighting

      US /'faɪəfaɪtɪŋ/

      UK /'faɪəfaɪtɪŋ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of fighting fires (as a job)
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To act to put out fires (as a firefighter)
      C2
      More
    • harsh

      US /hɑrʃ/

      UK /hɑ:ʃ/

      • Adjective
      • Rough; tough; hard to experience or accept
      • Being severe and unkind
      B1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • hazardous

      US /ˈhæzədəs/

      UK /'hæzədəs/

      • Adjective
      • Involving danger, risk, and potential damages
      • Relating to substances or conditions that can cause harm to people or the environment.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in the world

      US /ɪn ði wɜrld/

      UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, disbelief
      • Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense
      A1
      More
    • initially

      US /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

      UK /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

      • Adverb
      • At first; originally
      • In the first stage of a process or development.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • intentionally

      US /ɪnˈtɛnʃənl:ɪ/

      UK /ɪn'tenʃənəlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • With a plan to do or achieve something
      • In a deliberate and purposeful manner.
      B1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • monoxide

      US /məˈnɑkˌsaɪd/

      UK /mɒ'nɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • Oxide with one atom of oxygen per molecule
      C1
      More
    • morbidity

      US /mɔ:'bɪdətɪ/

      UK /mɔ:'bɪdətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Relative incidence of a particular disease
      B2
      More
    • mortality

      US /mɔrˈtælɪti/

      UK /mɔ:ˈtæləti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Quality or state of being capable of dying
      • The state of being subject to death; the proportion of deaths to population.
      B2
      More
    • on fire

      US /ɑn faɪr/

      UK /ɔn ˈfaiə/

      • Adjective
      • Very successful or popular
      • Burning
      A2
      More
    • partnership

      US /ˈpɑ:rtnərʃɪp/

      UK /ˈpɑ:tnəʃɪp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Shared business relationship with someone
      • Working with others for some purpose
      B1
      More
    • perspective

      US /pɚˈspɛktɪv/

      UK /pə'spektɪv/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Artistic method of creating a sense of distance
      • Ability to understand what is important in life
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • practical

      US /ˈpræktɪkəl/

      UK /ˈpræktɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Relating to what is sensible, real or useful
      • Relating to experience, action, or practice; not theoretical or ideal.
      • Noun
      • A practical exam or lesson.
      • A person concerned chiefly with the practice of something; a person with practical skills.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • process

      US /ˈprɑsˌɛs, ˈproˌsɛs/

      UK /prə'ses/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To organize and use data in a computer
      • To deal with official forms in the way required
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dealing with official forms in the way required
      • Set of changes that occur slowly and naturally
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • quality

      US /ˈkwɑlɪti/

      UK /'kwɒlətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Feature associated with someone or something
      • High level of worth or excellence
      • Adjective
      • Of a high standard
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • ratio

      US /ˈreɪʃioʊ/

      UK /ˈreɪʃiəʊ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The relationship in relative size, etc.
      • The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other.
      C2
      More
    • reside

      US /rɪˈzaɪd/

      UK /rɪˈzaɪd/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To live in; dwell; to be present
      B1
      More
    • scale

      US /skel/

      UK /skeɪl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Size, level, or amount when compared
      • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To change the size of but keep the proportions
      • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • scientific

      US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

      UK /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning academic study of the physical world
      • Systematic and precise, following a methodology.
      • Noun
      • Relating to or used in science.
      A2
      More
    • sift

      US /sɪft/

      UK /sɪft/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To look through and remove less valuable things
      • To remove lumps from/add air to flour with a sieve
      B2
      More
    • sift through

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To examine something very carefully in order to find something important or useful.
      A2
      More
    • smoke

      US /smoʊk/

      UK /sməʊk/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To give off a cloud of grey gas from burning
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Grey gas from fires and cigarettes
      • Fog of air coming from e.g. a cigarette, fire
      B1
      More
    • surface

      US /ˈsɚfəs/

      UK /'sɜ:fɪs/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give (road) a top layer
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
      • To come to the top of something; emerge
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sustainability

      US

      UK

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Property of being able to be continued/repeated
      • The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.
      B2
      More
    • technologically

      US /ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪklɪ/

      UK /ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪklɪ/

      • Adverb
      • As regards technology
      B1
      More
    • think about

      US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/

      UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To consider something carefully.
      • To remember or call to mind.
      A1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • to scale

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In proportion; maintaining accurate relative dimensions.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To increase or expand proportionally.
      • To climb or ascend.
      B2
      More
    • toxic

      US /ˈtɑksɪk/

      UK /ˈtɒksɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Poisonous; harmful
      • (Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict
      B2
      More
    • toxicity

      US /tɑ:kˈsɪsəti/

      UK /tɒkˈsɪsəti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Quality or degree of being poisonous
      B2
      More
    • track

      US /træk/

      UK /træk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To use marks to follow a wild animal
      • To move a certain way/follow a particular course
      • Noun
      • A circular course for running
      • Course or way someone takes, e.g. in education
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • unavoidable

      US /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/

      UK /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl/

      • Adjective
      • That cannot prevent from happening
      B1
      More
    • unit

      US /ˈjunɪt/

      UK /ˈju:nɪt/

      • Countable Noun
      • One apartment in a building
      • Group of people, e.g. soldiers, that work together
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • volunteer

      US /ˌvɑlənˈtɪr/

      UK /ˌvɒlən'tɪə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Working willingly without pay to help others
      • Countable Noun
      • Person who helps others without being paid
      • A person who enters military service voluntarily.
      B2TOEIC
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    A2
    #smoke#wildfire#air quality#carbon#fire#index

    Stanford researchers track hidden metals in wildfire smoke

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/09/16
    Wildfire smoke is a growing concern, but did you know its toxicity can vary greatly? Stanford researchers are using cutting-edge drone technology to track hidden metals in smoke, helping us understand the real risks. You'll learn fascinating vocabulary about air quality and combustion, and discover how scientists are working to create a more accurate air toxicity index for everyone.

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