abundance
US /əˈbʌndəns/
UK /əˈbʌndəns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Quantity that is very large or more than enough
B2Moreat least
US /æt list/
UK /æt li:st/
- Adverb
- As a minimum
- Not less than
- Phrase
- No less than; at the minimum
- Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
C2Moreat the moment
US
UK
- Adverb
- At this time; now
A1Moreaverage
US /ˈævərɪdʒ, ˈævrɪdʒ/
UK /'ævərɪdʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Total of numbers divided by the number of items
- Transitive Verb
- To add numbers then divide by the number of items
A2TOEICMorebarrel
US /ˈbærəl/
UK /'bærəl/
- Intransitive Verb
- To travel at high speed
- Countable Noun
- A round container with curved sides and flat ends
- Straight tube from which a bullet exits a gun
B1Morebased on
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- Preposition
- Using something as the main idea or foundation.
- Relying on something as evidence or justification.
A1Morebond
US /bɑnd/
UK /bɒnd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Rope, chain or other thing used to tie someone up
- Closeness that is shared between people or groups
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To develop a close relationship with
- To become joined or connected, e.g. using glue
A2TOEICMorecome together
US /kʌm təˈɡɛðɚ/
UK /kʌm təˈɡeðə/
- Phrasal Verb
- To assemble or unite; to start working together.
- To form a close relationship or bond.
A1Morecrisis
US /ˈkraɪsɪs/
UK /'kraɪsɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- A turning point in a disease.
B1Morecritical
US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/
UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Making a negative judgment of something
- Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
A2Morecrude
US /krud/
UK /kru:d/
- Adjective
- Lacking manners or finesse; rude
B1Moredeal with
US /dil wɪð/
UK /di:l wið/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To buy or sell goods or services.
- Phrasal Verb
- To take action to solve a problem or manage a situation.
- To be about; concern.
A1Moredemand
US /dɪˈmænd/
UK /dɪ'mɑ:nd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Desire customers have to buy product, service
- A strong request for someone to do something
- Transitive Verb
- To strongly request someone to do something
- To need something.
A2TOEICMoredesert
US /ˈdɛzət/
UK /'dezət/
- Transitive Verb
- To leave a place for ever; abandon
- To leave when one is needed or expected to stay
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Bare area of land, often with few plants and water
- A punishment or reward that is deserved.
A2Morediesel
US /ˈdizəl, -səl/
UK /ˈdi:zl/
- Uncountable Noun
- Heavy mineral oil used for power engines
- Countable Noun
- An internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to ignite the fuel.
- A vehicle powered by a diesel engine.
B1Morediminish
US /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/
UK /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make something smaller or less important
- To imply someone's reputation is less good
B1Moredisrupt
US /dɪsˈrʌpt/
UK /dɪsˈrʌpt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress
B2TOEICMoredisruption
US /dɪs'rʌpʃn/
UK /dɪs'rʌpʃn/
- Noun
- When a disturbance stops an activity in progress
B2Moreeconomic
US /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˌikə-/
UK /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning trade, industry, and money
- Financially worthwhile; profitable.
- Noun
- A system relating to economics
- A factor relating to economics
A2Moreefficient
US /ɪˈfɪʃənt/
UK /ɪˈfɪʃnt/
- Adjective
- Able to produce results without waste
- Capable of producing desired results with little or no waste (of time, energy, or other resources).
A2TOEICMoreenergy
US /ˈɛnədʒi/
UK /'enədʒɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Physical or mental strength
- Enthusiasm and determination.
A2Moreexporter
US /ɪkˈsportɚ/
UK /ekˈspɔ:tə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Country, business selling goods to other countries
B1Morefor example
US
UK
- Phrase
- As an illustration or instance.
fuel
US /ˈfjuəl/
UK /'fju:əl/
- Transitive Verb
- To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
- To provide gas or petrol for something
- Uncountable Noun
- Material used to produce heat or power when burned
A2TOEICMoregallon
US /ˈɡælən/
UK /ˈgælən/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Unit of liquid equal to 4 US quarts (3.785 liters)
B1Moregasoline
US /ˈɡæsəˌlin, ˌɡæsəˈlin/
UK /ˈgæsəli:n/
- Uncountable Noun
- Liquid we put in cars to make them run
- The industry related to the production, distribution, and sale of gasoline.
B2TOEICMorehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Moreimpact
US /ˈɪmˌpækt/
UK /'ɪmpækt/
- Noun
- A striking effect or result to hit with force
- Act or force of one thing hitting something else
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To hit or strike someone or something with force
- To have a strong effect on someone or something.
A2TOEICMorein a nutshell
US
UK
- Phrase
- As a summary; including the main points concisely
C2Morein a sense
US /ɪn e sɛns/
UK /in ə sens/
- Phrase
- In one way of thinking; to some extent; in some ways.
B1Morein conjunction with
US /ɪn kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən wɪð/
UK /in kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən wið/
- Phrase
- Together with; along with
A1Morein order to
US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/
UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/
- Preposition
- For the purpose of; with the aim of.
- Phrase
- In a specific sequence or arrangement.
- With the aim of; for the purpose of.
C1Morein particular
US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/
UK /in pəˈtikjulə/
- Phrase
- Specifically; especially.
- Detailed or precise.
A1Morein the making
US /ɪn ði ˈmekɪŋ/
UK /in ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ/
- Adjective
- Developing or being made; in the process of becoming something.
- Idiom
- Likely to happen or become a particular thing in the future, especially something bad.
A1Morein the red
US
UK
- Adjective
- Operating at a loss; in debt.
- Phrase
- Having overdrawn money from a bank account.
A1Moreinflation
US /ɪnˈfleʃən/
UK /ɪn'fleɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of filling something with air or gas
- Continual rise in the prices of products
B1TOEICMoreinflationary
US /ɪnˈfleʃəˌnɛri/
UK /ɪnˈfleɪʃənri/
- Adjective
- Tending to cause increases in prices
B1Moreinstability
US /ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti/
UK /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/
- Uncountable Noun
- Condition of being changeable
B1Moreinstead of
US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/
UK /inˈsted ɔv/
- Preposition
- When one thing is replaced by another
- Adverb
- As a substitute or alternative.
A1Morekeep off
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To not walk on something e.g. the grass
A1Morelook at
US /lʊk æt/
UK /luk æt/
- Phrasal Verb
- To use your eyes to focus on something
- To focus your eyes on something carefully
A1Moreobsolete
US /ˌɑ:bsəˈli:t/
UK /ˈɒbsəli:t/
- Adjective
- Not used anymore because something newer exists
- No longer useful because it has been replaced by something newer and better.
B1TOEICMoreof course
US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/
UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/
- Adverb
- Sure ; Certainly
- Phrase
- For sure; certainly
A2Moreoff of
US /ɔf ʌv/
UK /ɔf ɔv/
- Preposition
- From a position on something; down from.
A1Moreor simply
US
UK
- Phrase
- Alternatively; in a more straightforward way.
A1Morepark in
US /ˈpɑrk ɪn/
UK /ˈpɑ:k ɪn/
- other
- To drive a vehicle into a parking spot or area.
A2Morepipeline
US /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/
UK /ˈpaɪplaɪn/
- Noun
- Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
- Transitive Verb
- To send through a series of pipes
B2Morepoint at
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To aim (gun, etc.) at someone or something
A1Morepolitical
US /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/
UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being active or interested in government matters
- Diplomatic
A2Morepurchase
US
UK
- Transitive Verb
- To buy something; to get by paying money for it
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something that you bought
- Strong hold on something; grip
A2TOEICMorerefine
US /rɪˈfaɪn/
UK /rɪ'faɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To change slightly in order to improve it
- To narrow down your search to a smaller number
B1TOEICMoreroughly
US /ˈrʌflɪ/
UK /ˈrʌfli/
- Adverb
- Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
- In a manner that is violent or not careful
B1Moreroute
US /rut, raʊt/
UK /ru:t/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Way to get from one place to another place; path
- Path or way that people often use
- Transitive Verb
- To send along a particular path or way
A2TOEICMorerun down
US /rʌn daʊn/
UK /rʌn daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To be in a bad condition
- To stop because of lack of power, e.g. a battery
A1Moresell off
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To sell something quickly, usually because you need the money or because you want to stop being involved with it.
A2Moresevere
US /səˈvɪr/
UK /sɪ'vɪə(r)/
- Adjective
- Very bad; harsh
- (Of clothes, etc.) plain; simple; not decorated
A2TOEICMoreshipping
US /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/
UK /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To transport goods by boat, truck or plane
- To want two fictional characters to be in a romantic relationship.
- Uncountable Noun
- Business of transporting goods or orders to places
- The transport of goods, especially by sea or air.
B1TOEICMoreshut off
US /ʃʌt ɔf/
UK /ʃʌt ɔf/
- Phrasal Verb
- To stop the movement of something, such as water
- To isolate oneself from others.
A2Moresignal
US /ˈsɪɡnəl/
UK /'sɪɡnəl/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To be evidence/an indication something will happen
- To make a noise or motion to tell someone to start
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Evidence or an indication something will happen
- Movement of a hand or other means to send messages
A2Moresitting duck
US /ˈsɪtɪŋ dʌk/
UK /ˈsitɪŋ dʌk/
- other
- A person or thing vulnerable and easy to attack or harm.
B2Morestand by
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To keep to an agreement
- To wait for something to happen, e.g. TV broadcast
A1Morestrait
US /stret/
UK /streɪt/
- Noun
- Channel joining large bodies of water
C2Moresuch as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Morethreat to
US
UK
- Phrase
- A person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
- A statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for or opposition to something done or not done.
B2Moretogether with
US /təˈɡɛðɚ wɪð/
UK /təˈɡeðə wið/
- Preposition
- In addition to; along with.
- Including; as well as.
A1Moretrucking
US /trʌkɪŋ/
UK /trʌkɪŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To transport something on a lorry, van
B1Moreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1More
Vocabulary
- used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
- sell off: To sell something quickly, usually because you need the money or because you want to stop being involved with it.
- in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
- off of: From a position on something; down from.
- for example: As an illustration or instance.
- have to: Must do
- look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
- threat to: A person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
- in the red: Operating at a loss; in debt.
- of course: Sure ; Certainly
- deal with
- park in: To drive a vehicle into a parking spot or area.
- sitting duck: A person or thing vulnerable and easy to attack or harm.
- or simply: Alternatively; in a more straightforward way.
- such as: For example; like
- point at: To aim (gun, etc.) at someone or something
- keep off: To not walk on something e.g. the grass
- shut off: To stop the movement of something, such as water
- at the moment: At this time; now
- stand by: To keep to an agreement
- run down: To be in a bad condition
- in a sense: In one way of thinking; to some extent; in some ways.
- instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
- at least: As a minimum
- together with: In addition to; along with.
- based on: To use something as the foundation or starting point for something else.
- come together: To assemble or unite; to start working together.
- in conjunction with: Together with; along with
- in a nutshell: As a summary; including the main points concisely
- in particular: Specifically; especially.
- in the making: Developing or being made; in the process of becoming something.
- critical: Making a negative judgment of something
- situation: Place, position or area that something is in
- crisis: Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- average: Total of numbers divided by the number of items
- impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
- severe: Very bad; harsh
- sense: Certain mental feeling or emotion
- amount: Quantity of something
- demand: Desire customers have to buy product, service
- roughly: Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
- bond: Rope, chain or other thing used to tie someone up
- fuel: To give power to (a mob, anger, etc.); incite
- disrupt: To cause a disturbance in an activity in progress
- abundance: Quantity that is very large or more than enough
- political: Being active or interested in government matters
- efficient: Able to produce results without waste
- inflation: Act of filling something with air or gas
- simply: In an easy or clear manner
- diminish: To make something smaller or less important
- purchase: To buy something; to get by paying money for it
- obsolete: Not used anymore because something newer exists
- effect: An advantage, benefit
- interest: Best or most advantageous thing for someone
- route: Way to get from one place to another place; path
- economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
- energy: Physical or mental strength
- moment: Very short or brief period of time
- disruption: When a disturbance stops an activity in progress
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- desert: To leave a place for ever; abandon
- signal: To be evidence/an indication something will happen
- important: Having power or authority
- hit: To have a negative impact on a person/place/thing
- order: Religious or social group, as of nuns
- system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
- continue: To do something without stopping, or after pausing
- economic: Concerning trade, industry, and money
- government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
- crude: Lacking manners or finesse; rude
- barrel: To travel at high speed
- strait: Channel joining large bodies of water
- refine: To change slightly in order to improve it
- instability: Condition of being changeable
- diesel: Heavy mineral oil used for power engines
- gasoline: Liquid we put in cars to make them run
- pipeline: Line of pipes used for carrying gases or liquids
- gallon: Unit of liquid equal to 4 US quarts (3.785 liters)
- shipping: To transport goods by boat, truck or plane
- exporter: Country, business selling goods to other countries
- inflationary: Tending to cause increases in prices
- trucking: To transport something on a lorry, van
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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林宜悉 posted on 2026/09/16Worried about rising gas prices? This video breaks down how recent attacks on oil pipelines and shipping routes in the Red Sea are rattling energy markets and driving up costs worldwide. You'll pick up key vocabulary related to global trade, energy security, and economic impacts, giving you a clearer picture of the complex forces at play.
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