afford
US /əˈfɔrd, əˈford/
UK /ə'fɔ:d/
- Transitive Verb
- To make available, to provide
- To have enough money to pay for something
A2TOEICMoreassociation
US /əˌsoʊʃi'eɪʃn/
UK /əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn/
- Noun
- Organization of people with the same interest
B1TOEICMoreassume
US /əˈsum/
UK /ə'sju:m/
- Transitive Verb
- To act in a false manner to mislead others
- To believe, based on the evidence; suppose
A2TOEICMorebirthplace
US /ˈbə:θˌples/
UK /ˈbɜ:θpleɪs/
- Noun
- Place where someone was born
C1Morebrim
US /brɪm/
UK /brɪm/
- Noun
- Bottom part of a hat that sticks out all round
B2Moreby accident
US /baɪ ˈæksɪdənt/
UK /bai ˈæksidənt/
- Phrase
- Without intending to; unintentionally.
content
US /ˈkɑnˌtɛnt/
UK /'kɒntent/
- Adjective
- Being happy or satisfied
- In a state of peaceful happiness.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Information in something, e.g. book or computer
- The subject matter of a book, speech, etc.
A2Morecountryside
US /ˈkʌntriˌsaɪd/
UK /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/
- Uncountable Noun
- Natural open land away from towns
B1Morecrime
US /kraɪm/
UK /kraɪm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act that is believed to be a mistake or foolish
- Act that is against the law; murder, theft etc.
A2Morecrowd
US /kraʊd/
UK /kraʊd/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To force too many things, people into
- (Lots of people) to meet together in one place
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Large group of people together in one place
A2Moredeclare
US /dɪˈklɛr/
UK /dɪ'kleə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To make a statement in a strong and confident way
- To show the cost of things purchased overseas
A2TOEICMoredetermine
US /dɪˈtɚmɪn/
UK /dɪ'tɜ:mɪn/
- Transitive Verb
- To control exactly how something will be or act
- To establish the facts about; discover
A2TOEICMoredisperse
US /dɪˈspɚs/
UK /dɪ'spɜ:s/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To separate and spread out in different directions
B2Moreedge
US /ɛdʒ/
UK /edʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An advantage you have over others
- Cutting side of a sharp object
- Transitive Verb
- To cut something to make the blade sharp
- To go around the boundary of something
A2TOEICMoreencounter
US /ɛnˈkaʊntɚ/
UK /ɪn'kaʊntə(r)/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
- To meet someone or something unexpectedly
- Noun
- A chance meeting; unexpected or unplanned meeting
B1TOEICMoreentitle
US /ɛnˈtaɪtl/
UK /ɪnˈtaɪtl/
- Transitive Verb
- To make you eligible to hold a title
- To give a right (of getting benefits) to someone
B1TOEICMoreevidence of
US
UK
- Phrase
- Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
- Something that shows that something else exists or is true.
A1Morefatally
US /ˈfetlɪ/
UK /'feɪtəlɪ/
- Adverb
- So as to cause death or very bad consequences
B1Moregambling
US /'ɡæmblɪŋ/
UK /'ɡæmblɪŋ/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of betting money on events
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To play games to win money
- To take risky action in the hope of a desired result.
B1Moregather
US /ˈɡæðɚ/
UK /ˈgæðə(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To bring objects together into one place
- To collect foods such as wild berries or crops
- Noun
- Fold in cloth, as in a full skirt
A2TOEICMoreguide
US /ɡaɪd/
UK /ɡaɪd/
- Transitive Verb
- To help or advise someone about something
- To control missile to hit a target by radio signal
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Book or a magazine containing information/advice
- Person leading others visiting an unknown place
A2TOEICMoreguilt
US /ɡɪlt/
UK /gɪlt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Shame at doing something bad or wrong
A2TOEICMorehazard
US /ˈhæzəd/
UK /'hæzəd/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Something that is dangerous and causes problems
- Something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try, with the risk of being wrong or losing
B1TOEICMorehell
US /hɛl/
UK /hel/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Any place of pain and suffering
- A very unpleasant or difficult experience.
A2Morein the end
US /ɪn ði ɛnd/
UK /in ðə end/
- Phrase
- Finally; after a period of time or series of events.
- Ultimately; as the final result or consequence.
A1Moreinnocence
US /ˈɪnəsəns/
UK /ˈɪnəsns/
- Uncountable Noun
- Lack of guilt or responsibility for a crime
- Lack of worldly experience; naivety.
B2Morelay in
US /le ɪn/
UK /lei in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To provide stocks (e.g. for the winter)
- Stayed in bed later than usual in the morning.
A2Morelook for
US /lʊk fɔr/
UK /luk fɔ:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To try to find a thing or person that is lost
- To expect or anticipate something.
A1Moremining
US /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
UK /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
- To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
B2Moreon sunday
US
UK
- Phrase
- Every Sunday; each Sunday.
- Referring to a particular Sunday.
A1Morepit
US /pɪt/
UK /pɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To use your strength, skill or wit to beat another
- To make holes or marks on a surface
- Noun
- Hole in the ground
- Garage area for racing cars on a circuit
B1Morepulley
US /ˈpʊli/
UK /'pʊlɪ/
- Noun
- Device for heavy lifting with wheel drawn by chain
- A wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes, which acts to change the direction of a force used to lift a load.
B2Morerope
US /rop/
UK /rəʊp/
- Countable Noun
- A thick string made by twisting fibers together
- Transitive Verb
- To tie/attach animals, etc. together using a rope
- To enclose or cordon off an area with a rope.
B1Moreset up
US /sɛt ʌp/
UK /set ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make arrangements for something; establish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To arrange or prepare something for use.
- To start a business, organization, etc.
A1Moreshaft
US /ʃæft/
UK /ʃɑ:ft/
- Transitive Verb
- To ruin the plans or prospects of others
- Noun
- Vertical, sloping passageway leading to a surface
B2Moresissy
US /ˈsɪsi/
UK /'sɪsɪ/
- Adjective
- (Of a male) cowardly; easily scared
- Noun
- Male who is cowardly or easily scared
C2Morespend
US /spɛnd/
UK /spend/
- Transitive Verb
- To use money to pay for something
- To use time in order to do something
A2TOEICMoresuffer
US / ˈsʌfɚ/
UK /'sʌfə(r)/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To experience pain, illness, or injury
- To allow or permit something, especially something unpleasant.
A2Moresurface
US /ˈsɚfəs/
UK /'sɜ:fɪs/
- Transitive Verb
- To give (road) a top layer
- Intransitive Verb
- To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
- To come to the top of something; emerge
A2TOEICMoresurgeon
US /ˈsɜrdʒən/
UK /'sɜ:dʒən/
- Countable Noun
- A doctor who performs surgery
B2Moretransportation
US /ˌtrænspɔ:rˈteɪʃn/
UK /ˌtrænspɔ:ˈteɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Act of moving people or goods between places
- A system or means of transport, especially public transport.
B1Moreupper
US /ˈʌpɚ/
UK /ˈʌpə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Drug that improves mood or increases energy
- Something happy or encouraging
- Adjective
- Located above others of the same kind
- Being the northern part of a region
B1More
Vocabulary
- in the end: Finally; after a period of time or series of events.
- on sunday: Every Sunday; each Sunday.
- look for: To try to find a thing or person that is lost
- set up
- lay in: To provide stocks (e.g. for the winter)
- by accident: Without intending to; unintentionally.
- evidence of: Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
- assume: To act in a false manner to mislead others
- content: Being happy or satisfied
- evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
- determine: To control exactly how something will be or act
- encounter: To come up against a problem or trouble; meet
- afford: To make available, to provide
- suffer: To experience pain, illness, or injury
- crowd: To force too many things, people into
- association: Organization of people with the same interest
- edge: An advantage you have over others
- surface: To give (road) a top layer
- declare: To make a statement in a strong and confident way
- guide: To help or advise someone about something
- break: To create a new record e.g. running the 100m dash
- provide: To make available; to supply for use
- fall: Season after summer and before winter; Autumn
- crime: Act that is believed to be a mistake or foolish
- belief: Being sure that something exists or is true
- hazard: Something that is dangerous and causes problems
- guilt: Shame at doing something bad or wrong
- hell: Any place of pain and suffering
- sign: Indication that something exists or will happen
- kind: In a caring and helpful manner
- spend: To use money to pay for something
- gather: To bring objects together into one place
- disperse: To separate and spread out in different directions
- transportation: Act of moving people or goods between places
- accident: Sudden unplanned event causing damage, injury etc.
- active: Moving around a lot or doing many things
- bring: To take or go with someone to a place
- surgeon: A doctor who performs surgery
- find: To become aware of something that is happening
- set: Prepared for something; ready
- pit: To use your strength, skill or wit to beat another
- hard: Difficult to do; difficult to understand
- include: To make someone, something part of a group
- innocence: Lack of guilt or responsibility for a crime
- mining: To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
- hold: To agree to keep something for someone
- brim: Bottom part of a hat that sticks out all round
- entitle: To make you eligible to hold a title
- rope: A thick string made by twisting fibers together
- upper: Drug that improves mood or increases energy
- shaft: To ruin the plans or prospects of others
- gambling: Act of betting money on events
- countryside: Natural open land away from towns
- fatally: So as to cause death or very bad consequences
- birthplace: Place where someone was born
- pulley: Device for heavy lifting with wheel drawn by chain
- sissy: (Of a male) cowardly; easily scared
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Hard Times by Charles Dickens | Book 3, Chapter 6: Garnering (The Starlight)
0
Yvonne posted on 2026/09/02In this chapter of Hard Times, Sissy and Rachel search for Stephen and discover him in a dangerous mining pit! You'll follow their dramatic rescue and hear Stephen's final thoughts, including his reflections on stars and his belief that everything is a "muddle." This is a fantastic chance to explore themes of innocence, suffering, and fate in classic literature.
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