affect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreancient
US /ˈenʃənt/
UK /'eɪnʃənt/
- Adjective
- Very old; having lived a very long time ago
- Relating to a period in history, especially in the distant past.
- Noun
- A person who lived in ancient times.
A2Moreappeal
US /əˈpil/
UK /ə'pi:l/
- Uncountable Noun
- Ability to attract interest, attention, or desire
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To attract interest, attention, or desire
- To request a judge or others to change a decision
A2TOEICMorearchaeology
US /ˌɑrkiˈɑlədʒi/
UK /ˌɑ:kiˈɒlədʒi/
- Uncountable Noun
- The study of ancient societies
C1Moreatmosphere
US /ˈætməˌsfɪr/
UK /'ætməsfɪə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Air around us
- Feeling or mood of a place
A2Moreattempt
US /əˈtɛmpt/
UK /ə'tempt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To try to do something challenging or difficult
- Noun
- Effort made to try to do or accomplish something
A2TOEICMorebasically
US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/
UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/
- Adverb
- Used before you explain something simply, clearly
- In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
A2Morebay
US /be/
UK /beɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Part of an ocean or lake partly surrounded by land
- A compartment or recess in a building.
- Adjective
- Reddish-brown in color, typically used to describe a horse.
- Forcing someone or something to turn and face its attackers; cornered.
B1Morebury
US /ˈbɛri/
UK /'berɪ/
- Transitive Verb
- To put something into the ground and cover it
B1Morecalm
US /kɑm/
UK /kɑ:m/
- Adjective
- Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
- Relaxed and not worried or angry
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make or become relaxed and not worried or angry
A2Morecapable
US /ˈkepəbəl/
UK /'keɪpəbl/
- Adjective
- Being able to do something very well; proficient
- Having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing.
A2Morecolumn
US /ˈkɑ:ləm/
UK /ˈkɒləm/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Regular series of articles in a newspaper/magazine
- Strong vertical stone pillar that holds up a roof
B1Morecosmic
US /ˈkɑzmɪk/
UK /'kɒzmɪk/
- Adjective
- Concerning space and the universe
B2Morecurious
US /ˈkjʊriəs/
UK /ˈkjʊəriəs/
- Adjective
- Wanting to know more about something
- Attracting interest by being strange or unusual
A2Moredense
US /dɛns/
UK /dens/
- Adjective
- Very thick and difficult to see, get through
- Hard to understand
B1TOEICMoredevastating
US
UK
- Transitive Verb
- To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
- Adjective
- Destroying everything; very shocking
- Causing great emotional pain or shock.
B1Moredisaster
US /dɪˈzæstɚ, -ˈsæs-/
UK /dɪ'zɑ:stə(r)/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- State of extreme ruin and misfortune
- A complete failure.
- Uncountable Noun
- A situation that has gone terribly wrong.
A2Moredramatic
US /drəˈmætɪk/
UK /drəˈmætɪk/
- Adjective
- Gripping the attention; causing an effect
- (Of an event) sudden and extreme
B1Moreeffectively
US /ɪˈfɛktɪvli/
UK /ɪˈfektɪvli/
- Adverb
- In a way that produces the desired result
B1Moreembody
US /ɪmˈbɑ:di/
UK /ɪmˈbɒdi/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something into part of a body or system
B2Moreempathy
US /ˈɛmpəθi/
UK /ˈempəθi/
- Uncountable Noun
- Understanding how other people feel/suffer
- The ability to understand and share the feelings of another, especially when those feelings are negative or painful
B2TOEICMoreengage
US /ɪn'gedʒ/
UK /ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ/
- Transitive Verb
- To start to fight with an enemy
- To hire someone for a task or job
A2TOEICMoreevacuate
US /ɪˈvækjuˌet/
UK /ɪ'vækjʊeɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To move people from dangerous to a safe places
B2Moreevacuation
US /ɪˌvækjuˈeʃən/
UK /ɪˌvækjʊ'eɪʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sending to a safer place because of danger
- The process of removing people from a dangerous place.
B2Moreexplore
US /ɪkˈsplɔr/
UK /ɪk'splɔ:(r)/
- Transitive Verb
- To examine something in detail to learn about it
- To travel to a place to discover more about it
A2TOEICMoreexplosion
US /ɪkˈsploʒən/
UK /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Loud and sudden expression of emotion
- Sudden increase of something
B1Moregreco
US /ˈɡrɛko/
UK /ˈɡrekəu/
- Adjective
- Concerning (ancient) Greece
C2Morehappen on
US /ˈhæpən ɑn/
UK /ˈhæpən ɒn/
- other
- To find or discover by accident.
B2Morehave on
US /hæv ɑn/
UK /hæv ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To be wearing something.
- To deceive or trick someone, often in a playful way.
A1Morehousehold
US /ˈhaʊsˌhold/
UK /'haʊshəʊld/
- Adjective
- Being in everyday use; common
- Relating to a house or home.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Concerning a home
- Family or other group living together in a house
B1Moreinfluence
US / ˈɪnfluəns/
UK /'ɪnflʊəns/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To affect or change something indirectly
- To persuade someone to do something.
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- The power to affect what happens, to persuade etc.
- A person or thing that affects someone or something in an important way.
A2TOEICMoremagma
US /'mæɡmə/
UK /'mæɡmə/
- Uncountable Noun
- Hot liquid rock from the Earth's crust
B2Morematerial
US /məˈtɪriəl/
UK /məˈtɪəriəl/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Cloth; fabric
- Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
- Adjective
- Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
- Belonging to the world of physical things
A2Moremelt
US /mɛlt/
UK /melt/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To disappear or to go away
- To make, become soft or liquid due to heat
- Uncountable Noun
- A mass of material that has been melted, especially metal.
B1Moremuch about
US /mʌtʃ əˈbaʊt/
UK /mʌtʃ əˈbaut/
- Phrase
- A lot of information or knowledge concerning something.
- To a great extent or degree regarding something; caring.
A1Moreon the beach
US
UK
- Phrase
- Located on the sandy or pebbly area bordering a body of water.
A1Morepreserve
US /prɪˈzɜ:rv/
UK /prɪˈzɜ:v/
- Transitive Verb
- To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
- To protect something from harm, loss or damage
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Sweet fruit spread; jam
- Protected area of land with plants and animals
B1TOEICMorepsychologist
US /saɪˈkɑlədʒɪst/
UK /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- An expert who studies the mind and behavior
- A therapist specializing in mental health.
C2Morepsychology
US /saɪˈkɑlədʒi/
UK /saɪ'kɒlədʒɪ/
- Uncountable Noun
- The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
- Way in which a person or group thinks and behaves
C2Moreradically
US /ˈrædɪkl:ɪ/
UK /'rædɪklɪ/
- Adverb
- Completely or extremely
B1Morereach
US /ritʃ/
UK /ri:tʃ/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To come to or arrive at a goal or destination
- To be long enough to get to a certain place
- Uncountable Noun
- Power or control someone has over something
A2TOEICMoreresort
US /rɪ'zɔ:rt/
UK /rɪ'zɔ:t/
- Noun
- Act of choosing something to help with a problem
- Vacation hotel or complex; area for holidays
B1TOEICMoreritual
US /ˈrɪtʃuəl/
UK /'rɪtʃʊəl/
- Adjective
- Performed as part of a ceremony
- Being done in a regular, expected or similar way
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Social or religious ceremony always done the same
- A series of actions regularly and invariably followed by someone.
B1Morethermal
US /ˈθɜ:rml/
UK /ˈθɜ:ml/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Item of warm clothing for cold weather use
- Rising body of warm air, e.g. in gliding
- Adjective
- Of or relating to heat or a source of heat
B2Moreto do with
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To be about something; concern
A1Moreto the gods
US /tu ðə ɡɑdz/
UK /tu ðə ɡɒdz/
- other
- Completely destroyed or ruined.
C2Morevolcanic
US /vɑ:lˈkænɪk/
UK /vɒlˈkænɪk/
- Adjective
- (E.g. of a temperament) easily angered; violent
- Of or relating to a volcano or volcanoes
B1More
Vocabulary
- to the gods: Completely destroyed or ruined.
- on the beach: Located on the sandy or pebbly area bordering a body of water.
- much about: A lot of information or knowledge concerning something.
- to do with: To be about something; concern
- happen on: To find or discover by accident.
- have on: To be wearing something.
- sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
- engage: To start to fight with an enemy
- material: Cloth; fabric
- ritual: Performed as part of a ceremony
- situation: Place, position or area that something is in
- empathy: Understanding how other people feel/suffer
- basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
- devastating: To cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
- ancient: Very old; having lived a very long time ago
- attempt: To try to do something challenging or difficult
- curious: Wanting to know more about something
- atmosphere: Air around us
- psychology: The study of the mind and how it affects behavior
- capable: Being able to do something very well; proficient
- explore: To examine something in detail to learn about it
- influence: To affect or change something indirectly
- calm: Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
- psychologist: An expert who studies the mind and behavior
- affect: To cause a change in something else
- effectively: In a way that produces the desired result
- reach: To come to or arrive at a goal or destination
- dramatic: Gripping the attention; causing an effect
- disaster: State of extreme ruin and misfortune
- appeal: Ability to attract interest, attention, or desire
- behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
- preserve: To cook food so it can be kept for long periods
- dense: Very thick and difficult to see, get through
- apply: To spread a substance or liquid over a surface
- household: Being in everyday use; common
- drop: Distance between a higher and a lower level
- resort: Act of choosing something to help with a problem
- radically: Completely or extremely
- produce: Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables
- bury: To put something into the ground and cover it
- lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
- place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
- evacuation: Sending to a safer place because of danger
- manage: To survive hardships and difficulties; to cope
- evacuate: To move people from dangerous to a safe places
- column: Regular series of articles in a newspaper/magazine
- support: To give assistance or advice to someone
- argue: To fight or disagree over something
- chance: The way something happens without planning
- melt: To disappear or to go away
- natural: Being as one would expect; being usual or normal
- thermal: Item of warm clothing for cold weather use
- daily: Happening every day
- cosmic: Concerning space and the universe
- find: To become aware of something that is happening
- explosion: Loud and sudden expression of emotion
- embody: To make something into part of a body or system
- bay: Part of an ocean or lake partly surrounded by land
- volcanic: (E.g. of a temperament) easily angered; violent
- magma: Hot liquid rock from the Earth's crust
- archaeology: The study of ancient societies
- greco: Concerning (ancient) Greece
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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80
Meet the Experts | Pompeii: Out of Time with Tom Hiddleston | National Geographic
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林宜悉 posted on 2026/08/28Ever wondered what happened during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius? Tom Hiddleston explores the incredible stories of survival and human behavior during the Pompeii disaster, revealing how ancient Romans reacted under extreme stress. You'll pick up fascinating vocabulary related to natural disasters and psychology, and gain a new perspective on history!
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