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Vocabulary

  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • have to: Must do
  • wait for: To wait until someone comes, or something happens
  • rule out: To eliminate as a possibility; exclude.
  • look to: Be looking to. be planning to (do something)
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • factor in: To include something as an important element when making a decision or calculation.
  • spread out: To extend or stretch over a large area.
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • as long as: For the period that; provided that.
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • by the same token: For the same reason or based on the same logic.
  • interact with
  • out cold: Unconscious; knocked out.
  • much about: A lot of information or knowledge concerning something.
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • in terms of
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • approach: To get close to reaching something or somewhere
  • figure: To appear in a game, play or event
  • eliminate: To completely remove; to get rid of
  • situation: Place, position or area that something is in
  • basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
  • term: Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
  • disorder: State of confusion or a lack of organization
  • negative: The opposite to a positive electrical charge
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • spontaneous: Happening on its own, without anyone helping it
  • strength: Condition of being strong
  • interact: To talk or do things with each other
  • rid: To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)
  • roughly: Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
  • capable: Being able to do something very well; proficient
  • spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
  • ability: The power, resources or skill to do something
  • molecule: Two or more atoms chemically combined
  • neutral: Something with pH value of 7
  • substitute: To perform the tasks instead of someone else
  • interaction: Process of people or things affecting each other
  • mechanism: Part of a machine that performs a certain function
  • occur: To come to pass or to happen
  • simply: In an easy or clear manner
  • primary: Most important, most basic or essential
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • candidate: Politician who is running for public office
  • charge: To run quickly toward someone to attack them
  • factor: Something that influences a result
  • reaction: Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
  • coordinate: To match styles or colors that go well together
  • reason: To think and make conclusions in a logical manner
  • favor: Support or approval from people
  • equation: Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
  • leave: To go away from; depart
  • intermediate: Between; in the middle; moderate
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
  • bully: a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those whom they perceive as vulnerable
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • system: Set of organized, planned ideas that work together
  • simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • act: To behave in a certain way
  • multiply: To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
  • information: Collection of facts and details about something
  • basic: At the most important or easiest (beginner) level
  • change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • polar: Concerning the areas near the North or South poles
  • diffuse: To cause something to spread through a large area
  • halo: Circle of light
  • favorable: When a good result or positive outcome is likely
  • neighbor: Person who lives, or is near, you
  • substitution: Act of replacing one person or thing to do a job
  • elimination: Act or process of removing or being removed
  • entropy: Lack of order in a system
  • solvent: Substance used to dissolve or melt others
  • setup: Way something is organized or arranged
  • proton: Tiny part of atom with positive electrical charge
  • ion: Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
  • substrate: A substance which a catalyst has an effect on
  • fluoride: Chemical added to water to improve tooth health
  • beta: Test version of a product or software
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • ability

      US /əˈbɪlɪti/

      UK /ə'bɪlətɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The power, resources or skill to do something
      • A particular skill or talent.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • approach

      US /əˈprəʊtʃ/

      UK /ə'prəʊtʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To get close to reaching something or somewhere
      • To request someone to do something specific
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Means of reaching a place, often a road or path
      • Request of someone with a specific goal in mind
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • as long as

      US /æz lɔŋ æz/

      UK /æz lɔŋ æz/

      • Conjunction
      • For the period that; provided that.
      • For the length of time that
      • Preposition
      • On the condition that; providing that.
      • Having the same length as.
      A1
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /ĂŚz wel ĂŚz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • basically

      US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/

      UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • Used before you explain something simply, clearly
      • In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
      A2
      More
    • beta

      US /'beɪtə/

      UK /'bi:tə/

      • Noun
      • Test version of a product or software
      B2
      More
    • bully

      US /ˈbʊli/

      UK /'bʊlɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those whom they perceive as vulnerable
      • A person who uses superior strength or influence to intimidate others.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • seek to harm, intimidate, or coerce (someone perceived as vulnerable)
      B2
      More
    • by the same token

      US /baɪ ðə seɪm ˈtoʊkən/

      UK /baɪ ðə seɪm ˈtəukən/

      • other
      • For the same reason or based on the same logic.
      B2
      More
    • candidate

      US /ˈkændɪˌdet, -dɪt/

      UK /ˈkændɪdət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Politician who is running for public office
      B1
      More
    • capable

      US /ˈkepəbəl/

      UK /'keɪpəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being able to do something very well; proficient
      • Having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing.
      A2
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • charge

      US /tʃɑrdʒ/

      UK /tʃɑ:dʒ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To run quickly toward someone to attack them
      • To ask for money as a price for a service or goods
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An attack by running quickly toward someone
      • A price for a service or goods
      A2
      More
    • coordinate

      US /ko'ɔrdəˈnet/

      UK /kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To match styles or colors that go well together
      • To cause body parts to move smoothly together
      • Noun
      • Point on a map defining a location e.g. 135N, 34W
      • A matching set of clothes.
      B1
      More
    • depend

      US /dɪˈpend/

      UK /dɪˈpend/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
      • To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • diffuse

      US /dɪˈfjuz/

      UK /dÉŞ'fju:z/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause something to spread through a large area
      B2
      More
    • disorder

      US /dɪsˈɔrdɚ/

      UK /dɪs'ɔ:də(r)/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of confusion or a lack of organization
      • Illness when the body is not functioning well
      • Transitive Verb
      • To disrupt the order or arrangement of something.
      B2
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • eliminate

      US /ɪˈlɪməˌnet/

      UK /ÉŞ'lÉŞmÉŞneÉŞt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To completely remove; to get rid of
      • To remove from a contest by beating them
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • elimination

      US /ɪˌlɪməˈneʃən/

      UK /ɪˌlɪmɪ'neɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Act or process of removing or being removed
      • Defeating a team to remove them from a contest
      B1
      More
    • entropy

      US /ˈɛntrəpi/

      UK /ˈentrəpi/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Lack of order in a system
      C1
      More
    • equation

      US /ɪˈkweʒən, -ʃən/

      UK /ɪˈkweɪʒn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Mathematical statement showing things to be equal
      • Complex set of different facts, ideas or issues
      B1
      More
    • factor

      US /ˈfæktɚ/

      UK /'fæktə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Something that influences a result
      • Transitive Verb
      • To consider or include in an estimate or judgment
      • To find the two numbers a number can be divided by
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • factor in

      US /ˈfæktɚ ɪn/

      UK /ˈfæktə in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To include something as an important element when making a decision or calculation.
      B2
      More
    • favor

      US /ˈfevɚ/

      UK /'feɪvə/

      • Noun
      • Support or approval from people
      • Small gift given out at a party
      • Transitive Verb
      • To prefer or promote over another
      A2
      More
    • favorable

      US /ˈfevərəbəl, ˈfevrə-/

      UK /'feɪvərəbl/

      • Adjective
      • When a good result or positive outcome is likely
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • figure out

      US /ˈfɪɡjɚ aʊt/

      UK /ˈfiɡə aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To understand the behavior of someone
      • To think through logically to find a solution
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To understand or find an answer to something.
      • To find a solution to a problem or understand something.
      A1
      More
    • fluoride

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Chemical added to water to improve tooth health
      • The addition of a fluoride compound to drinking water or dental products to reduce tooth decay.
      C1
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • halo

      US /ˈhelo/

      UK /'heɪləʊ/

      • Noun
      • Circle of light
      B2
      More
    • have to

      US /hĂŚv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ÉŞn fĂŚkt/

      UK /in fĂŚkt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • interact

      US /ˌɪntɚˈækt/

      UK /ˌɪntər'ækt/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To talk or do things with each other
      A2
      More
    • interact with

      US /ˌɪntɚˈækt wɪð/

      UK /ˌɪntərˈækt wið/

      • Phrase
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To engage in communication or action involving mutual or reciprocal influence.
      • To use a computer interface to achieve a specific goal.
      A2
      More
    • interaction

      US /ˌɪntɚˈækʃən/

      UK /ˌɪntər'ækʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Process of people or things affecting each other
      • The activity of talking to other people, working together etc
      A2
      More
    • intermediate

      US /ˌɪntɚˈmidiɪt/

      UK /ˌɪntəˈmi:diət/

      • Adjective
      • Between; in the middle; moderate
      • Having some knowledge but not advanced
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Person with some knowledge but not advanced
      • Something that comes between two things in time, place, character, etc.
      B1
      More
    • ion

      US /ˈaɪən/

      UK /'aɪən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Atoms with either a positive or negative charge
      B2
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk ĂŚt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • look to

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • Be looking to. be planning to (do something)
      • To expect someone to do something for you; rely on
      A1
      More
    • mechanism

      US /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/

      UK /'mekənɪzəm/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a machine that performs a certain function
      • System or process for achieving a certain result
      B1
      More
    • molecule

      US /ˈmɑlɪˌkjul/

      UK /ˈmɒlɪkju:l/

      • Noun
      • Two or more atoms chemically combined
      B2
      More
    • much about

      US /mʌtʃ əˈbaʊt/

      UK /mʌtʃ əˈbaut/

      • Phrase
      • A lot of information or knowledge concerning something.
      • To a great extent or degree regarding something; caring.
      A1
      More
    • multiply

      US /ˈmʌltəˌplaɪ/

      UK /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To increase in number by reproducing/having babies
      • To increase something by a large quantity
      B1
      More
    • negative

      US /ˈnɛɡətɪv/

      UK /'neɡətɪv/

      • Noun
      • The opposite to a positive electrical charge
      • In grammar, containing words such as 'no' or 'not'
      • Adjective
      • Being harmful, unwanted or unhelpful
      • In mathematics, being less than zero
      A2
      More
    • neighbor

      US /ˈnebɚ/

      UK /'neɪbə/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Person who lives, or is near, you
      • A country or area next to another.
      • Adjective
      • Situated near or next to something.
      B1
      More
    • neutral

      US /ˈnu:trəl/

      UK /ˈnju:trəl/

      • Adjective
      • Something with pH value of 7
      • Having no positive or negative electrical charge
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Color that is dull and not bright, such as gray
      • The rest position for gears in a car or vehicle
      B1
      More
    • occur

      US /əˈkɚ/

      UK /əˈkɜ:(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To come to pass or to happen
      • To be found to exist; to be present.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • out cold

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Unconscious; knocked out.
      • In a deep sleep; completely asleep.
      A1
      More
    • polar

      US /ˈpolɚ/

      UK /ˈpəʊlə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the areas near the North or South poles
      B1
      More
    • primary

      US /ˈpraɪˌmɛri, -məri/

      UK /'praɪmərɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Most important, most basic or essential
      • Happening first; earliest
      B2
      More
    • proton

      US /ˈproʊtɑ:n/

      UK /ˈprəʊtɒn/

      • Countable Noun
      • Tiny part of atom with positive electrical charge
      B2
      More
    • reaction

      US /riˈækʃən/

      UK /rɪ'Ìkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Bodily response to a drug or something eaten
      • Feeling or action in response to something
      A2
      More
    • rid

      US /rÉŞd/

      UK /rÉŞd/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause to no longer have (pest, problem)
      • Adjective
      • Freed or delivered from something.
      A2
      More
    • roughly

      US /ˈrʌflɪ/

      UK /ˈrʌfli/

      • Adverb
      • Approximately; (of numbers) about; around
      • In a manner that is violent or not careful
      B1
      More
    • rule out

      US /rul aƊt/

      UK /ru:l aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To eliminate as a possibility; exclude.
      A1
      More
    • setup

      US /ˈsɛtˌʌp/

      UK /'setƌp/

      • Noun
      • Way something is organized or arranged
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • solvent

      US /ˈsɑ:lvənt/

      UK /ˈsɒlvənt/

      • Noun
      • Substance used to dissolve or melt others
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • spontaneous

      US /spɑnˈteniəs/

      UK /spɒnˈteɪniəs/

      • Adjective
      • Happening on its own, without anyone helping it
      B1
      More
    • spread

      US /sprɛd/

      UK /spred/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
      • The distance between two things
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To place over a large area; to cover a large area
      • (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • spread out

      US /sprɛd aʊt/

      UK /spred aut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To extend or stretch over a large area.
      • To arrange things so that they cover a large area.
      B2
      More
    • strength

      US /strɛŋkθ, strɛŋθ, strɛnθ/

      UK /streŋθ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Condition of being strong
      • The quality or state of being physically strong.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • substitute

      US /ˈsʌbstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut/

      UK /'sʌbstɪtju:t/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To perform the tasks instead of someone else
      • To replace one person or thing for another
      • Noun
      • A person or thing acting in place of another
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • substitution

      US /ˌsʌbstɪˈtuʃən, -ˈtju-/

      UK /ˌsʌbstɪ'tju:ʃn/

      • Noun
      • Act of replacing one person or thing to do a job
      B2
      More
    • substrate

      US /ˈsʌbˌstret/

      UK /ˈsʌbstreɪt/

      • Noun
      • A substance which a catalyst has an effect on
      B2
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • wait for

      US /wet fɔr/

      UK /weit fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To wait until someone comes, or something happens
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breÉŞv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    A2US
    #substrate#hydroxide#halo#solvent#base#temperature

    Choosing Between SN1/SN2/E1/E2 Mechanisms

    0
    Ken Lee posted on 2026/08/25
    Struggling to keep SN1, SN2, E1, and E2 mechanisms straight? Professor Dave breaks down how to choose the right one by looking at substrate structure and nucleophile strength, explaining tricky terms like 'steric hindrance' and 'nucleophilicity parallels basicity' along the way. You'll get clear tips to confidently tackle these reactions!

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