Vocabulary

  • look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
  • have to: Must do
  • at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
  • same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
  • at least: As a minimum
  • at a time: Separately; one by one
  • above all: Most importantly; more than anything else.
  • come from: To have as your native country or city
  • at odds: In a state of conflict or disagreement
  • next to: Being located along side another
  • to let: Indicates that a property is available for rent.
  • as long as: For the period that; provided that.
  • for the fun of it: Doing something simply for enjoyment or amusement.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • threat to: A person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
  • for someone: On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • at home: In one's own residence or country.
  • move away: To relocate; to go and live in a different place.
  • rather than: More exactly; more correctly
  • marriage of convenience: A marriage for practical or political reasons, not love.
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • at this point in time: At the current or specific moment under consideration.
  • point in time: A specific moment or instance when something occurs or exists.
  • jump in: To enter a vehicle quickly.
  • in time: Eventually; after a period of time.
  • at times: Sometimes; occasionally.
  • along with: In addition to; together with.
  • in light of: Because of; considering
  • in relation to: Concerning; with reference to; regarding.
  • in the black: Operating with a profit; not in debt.
  • in terms of
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • as a whole: Considering everything together; in general.
  • for sure: Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
  • sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
  • individual: Single person, looked at separately from others
  • recognize: To accept the truth or reality of something
  • tough: (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
  • critical: Making a negative judgment of something
  • campaign: To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
  • purpose: Reason for which something is done; aim; goal
  • pressure: Anxiety caused by difficult problems
  • relationship: Connection between two or more people or things
  • domestic: Someone paid to help with housework in your house
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • leverage: An advantage which gives you influence or power
  • military: Army or armed forces
  • political: Being active or interested in government matters
  • foundation: Base or important starting point
  • recognition: Accepting that something is true or that it exists
  • democracy: System of government in which everyone is equal
  • require: To demand that someone does something
  • candidate: Politician who is running for public office
  • security: Department in a company in charge of protection
  • independent: Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
  • ally: Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
  • fellow: Man or a boy
  • democratic: (Of government) giving the people power, a vote
  • lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
  • role: Character played by an actor
  • diplomatic: Concerning formal relationships between countries
  • suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
  • criticize: To assess the work of others
  • moment: Very short or brief period of time
  • defense: Argument in support of something
  • lot: What happens to a person in life from chance; fate
  • important: Having power or authority
  • summit: Official meeting(s) of the leaders of countries
  • build: Your physical shape; physique
  • zone: Area of space designated for a particular use
  • middle: Place that is halfway between two things
  • great: Very good; better than before
  • remember: To give someone a gift, e.g. birthday, wedding
  • question: To ask for or try to get information
  • alliance: Group of people/organizations working together
  • crackdown: Increased effort to enforce the law or a rule
  • liberty: Doing as one wants without asking
  • opposition: Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
  • include: To make someone, something part of a group
  • world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • cooperation: Working together to get something done
  • choice: Decision between two or more possibilities
  • instability: Condition of being changeable
  • turkey: Edible bird resembling a large chicken
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    • above all

      US /əˈbʌv ɔl/

      UK /əˈbʌv ɔ:l/

      • Phrase
      • Most importantly; more than anything else.
      A1
      More
    • alliance

      US /əˈlaɪəns/

      UK /əˈlaɪəns/

      • Noun
      • Group of people/organizations working together
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • ally

      US /'ælaɪ/

      UK /'ælaɪ/

      • Noun
      • Someone who supports, helps, or defends you
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To join a group to offer or receive support
      B1
      More
    • along with

      US /əˈlɔŋ wɪð/

      UK /əˈlɔŋ wið/

      • Preposition
      • In addition to; together with.
      • Adverb
      • In company or together with someone or something.
      • Including; in addition to.
      A2
      More
    • as a whole

      US /æz e hol/

      UK /æz ə həul/

      • Phrase
      • Considering everything together; in general.
      • Complete; not divided or incomplete.
      • Adjective
      • Complete; not divided or fragmented.
      A1
      More
    • as long as

      US /æz lɔŋ æz/

      UK /æz lɔŋ æz/

      • Conjunction
      • For the period that; provided that.
      • For the length of time that
      • Preposition
      • On the condition that; providing that.
      • Having the same length as.
      A1
      More
    • at a time

      US /æt e taɪm/

      UK /æt ə taim/

      • Phrase
      • Separately; one by one
      • Simultaneously; together
      A1
      More
    • at home

      US /æt hom/

      UK /æt həum/

      • Phrase
      • In one's own residence or country.
      • Adjective
      • Feeling comfortable and relaxed.
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • at odds

      US /æt ɑdz/

      UK /æt ɔdz/

      • Phrase
      • In a state of conflict or disagreement
      • Adjective
      • In a state of disagreement or conflict.
      • Inconsistent or incompatible.
      B1
      More
    • at the same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
      • Nevertheless; however; used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement.
      A1
      More
    • at this point in time

      US /ət ðɪs ˈpɔɪnt ɪn ˈtaɪm/

      UK /ət ðɪs ˈpɒɪnt ɪn ˈtaɪm/

      • other
      • At the current or specific moment under consideration.
      B2
      More
    • at times

      US /æt taɪmz/

      UK /æt taɪmz/

      • Phrase
      • Sometimes; occasionally.
      A1
      More
    • campaign

      US /kæmˈpen/

      UK /kæm'peɪn/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Series of actions meant to achieve a goal
      • A planned set of military activities intended to achieve a particular objective.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • candidate

      US /ˈkændɪˌdet, -dɪt/

      UK /ˈkændɪdət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Politician who is running for public office
      B1
      More
    • come from

      US /kʌm frʌm/

      UK /kʌm frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have as your native country or city
      A1
      More
    • cooperation

      US /koˌɑpəˈreʃən/

      UK /kəʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Working together to get something done
      • Willingness to help or do what someone asks.
      B1
      More
    • crackdown

      US /ˈkrækˌdaʊn/

      UK /ˈkrækdaʊn/

      • Noun
      • Increased effort to enforce the law or a rule
      C2
      More
    • critical

      US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

      UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Making a negative judgment of something
      • Being important or serious; vital; dangerous
      A2
      More
    • criticize

      US /ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz/

      UK /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To assess the work of others
      • To say that someone or something is bad
      B1
      More
    • defense

      US /dɪˈfɛns/

      UK /dɪ'fens/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Argument in support of something
      • The process of protecting something from attack
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • democracy

      US /dɪˈmɑkrəsi/

      UK /dɪ'mɒkrəsɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • System of government in which everyone is equal
      • Principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a society.
      B1
      More
    • democratic

      US /ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk/

      UK /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/

      • Adjective
      • (Of government) giving the people power, a vote
      • Based on the principle that all members have equal rights.
      B2
      More
    • diplomatic

      US /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

      UK /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning formal relationships between countries
      • Not being offensive
      B1
      More
    • domestic

      US /dəˈmɛstɪk/

      UK /dəˈmestɪk/

      • Noun
      • Someone paid to help with housework in your house
      • Adjective
      • British informal fight between husband and wife
      • Concerning your own home or house
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • fellow

      US /ˈfɛlo/

      UK /'feləʊ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Man or a boy
      • Student paid to study and teach after college
      • Adjective
      • Being of the same kind
      • Sharing a particular activity, situation, or characteristic.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • for someone

      US /fɚ ˈsʌmwʌn/

      UK /fə ˈsʌmwʌn/

      • other
      • On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
      A1
      More
    • for sure

      US /fɔr ʃʊr/

      UK /fɔ: ʃuə/

      • Adverb
      • Definitely; certainly; without a doubt.
      • Used to emphasize a statement.
      • Interjection
      • An expression of strong agreement or affirmation.
      A2
      More
    • for the fun of it

      US /fɚ ðə fʌn əv ɪt/

      UK /fə ðə fʌn əv ɪt/

      • other
      • Doing something simply for enjoyment or amusement.
      B1
      More
    • foundation

      US /faʊnˈdeʃən/

      UK /faunˈdeiʃən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Base or important starting point
      • Underground base on which building is constructed
      C1TOEIC
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in light of

      US /ɪn laɪt ʌv/

      UK /in lait ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • Because of; considering
      • Preposition
      • Considering; taking into account
      • Because of; as a result of
      A1
      More
    • in relation to

      US /ɪn rɪˈleʃən tu/

      UK /in riˈleiʃən tu:/

      • Phrase
      • Concerning; with reference to; regarding.
      • Compared with.
      B1
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • in the black

      US /ɪn ði blæk/

      UK /in ðə blæk/

      • Adjective
      • Operating with a profit; not in debt.
      • Phrase
      • Having a positive balance; out of debt.
      A1
      More
    • in time

      US /ɪn taɪm/

      UK /in taim/

      • Adverb
      • Eventually; after a period of time.
      • Not late; with enough time to spare.
      • Phrase
      • Eventually; before it is too late.
      • According to the scheduled time; punctual.
      A1
      More
    • independent

      US /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/

      UK /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

      • Adjective
      • Making your own decisions; acting by yourself
      • Not connected with or influenced by something else.
      • Noun
      • A person not connected to a political party
      • Someone who is independent, especially in politics or business.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • individual

      US /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl/

      UK /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

      • Countable Noun
      • Single person, looked at separately from others
      • A single thing or item, especially when part of a set or group.
      • Adjective
      • Made for use by one single person
      • Having a distinct manner different from others
      A2
      More
    • instability

      US /ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti/

      UK /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Condition of being changeable
      B1
      More
    • jump in

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To enter a vehicle quickly.
      • To interrupt a conversation.
      More
    • leverage

      US /ˈlɛvərɪdʒ, ˈlivə-/

      UK /'li:vərɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • An advantage which gives you influence or power
      • An advantage gained through the use of resources or a strategic position
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use an advantage which gives you influence
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • liberty

      US /ˈlɪbəti/

      UK /'lɪbətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Doing as one wants without asking
      • Power to do what you choose
      • Adjective
      • Not imprisoned; free.
      B1
      More
    • look at

      US /lʊk æt/

      UK /luk æt/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use your eyes to focus on something
      • To focus your eyes on something carefully
      A1
      More
    • marriage of convenience

      US /ˈmærɪdʒ ʌv kənˈvinjəns/

      UK /ˈmæridʒ əv kənˈvi:njəns/

      • other
      • A marriage for practical or political reasons, not love.
      B2
      More
    • military

      US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/

      UK /'mɪlətrɪ/

      • Noun
      • Army or armed forces
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the army or navy
      B1
      More
    • move away

      US /muv əˈwe/

      UK /mu:v əˈwei/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To relocate; to go and live in a different place.
      • To physically create distance; to step back or aside.
      A2
      More
    • next to

      US /nɛkst tu/

      UK /nekst tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Being located along side another
      • In comparison with
      • Adverb
      • Almost; nearly
      A1
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • opposition

      US /ˌɑ:pəˈzɪʃn/

      UK /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of disagreeing or trying to stop something
      • Group that you are fighting or competing against
      B1
      More
    • point in time

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • A specific moment or instance when something occurs or exists.
      • A significant juncture or stage in history or a sequence of events.
      A1
      More
    • political

      US /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/

      UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Being active or interested in government matters
      • Diplomatic
      A2
      More
    • pressure

      US /ˈprɛʃɚ/

      UK /'preʃə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Anxiety caused by difficult problems
      • Force, weight when pressing against a thing
      • Transitive Verb
      • To apply force to something
      • To persuade or force someone to do something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • purpose

      US /ˈpɚpəs/

      UK /'pɜ:pəs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Reason for which something is done; aim; goal
      • A person's sense of resolve or determination.
      • Adverb
      • With clear intention or determination.
      • Intentionally; deliberately.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rather than

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • More exactly; more correctly
      • Preferably; instead
      • Preposition
      • Instead of
      A1
      More
    • recognition

      US /ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/

      UK /ˌrekəgˈnɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Accepting that something is true or that it exists
      • Considering something as important or special
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • recognize

      US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To accept the truth or reality of something
      • To consider something as important or special
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • relationship

      US /rɪˈleʃənˌʃɪp/

      UK /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Connection between two or more people or things
      • Way people interact or live with each other
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • require

      US /rɪˈkwaɪr/

      UK /rɪ'kwaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demand that someone does something
      • To need to do something, to make it necessary
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • role

      US /rol/

      UK /rəʊl/

      • Noun
      • Character played by an actor
      • Part you play in an activity; job; responsibility
      A2
      More
    • same time

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
      • At the identical time as before; recurring at a fixed hour.
      • Noun
      • An equal duration or period.
      A1
      More
    • security

      US /sɪˈkjʊrɪti/sə'kjurətɪ/

      UK /sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/

      • Noun
      • Department in a company in charge of protection
      • Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • summit

      US /ˈsʌmɪt/

      UK /'sʌmɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Official meeting(s) of the leaders of countries
      • Highest part or top point of a mountain
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • reach the summit of (a mountain or hill).
      B1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • threat to

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • A person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
      • A statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for or opposition to something done or not done.
      B2
      More
    • to let

      US /tu lɛt/

      UK /tu let/

      • Preposition
      • Indicates that a property is available for rent.
      A2
      More
    • tough

      US /tʌf/

      UK /tʌf/

      • Adjective
      • (Of food) difficult to chew or bite through
      • Very difficult to do or deal with
      • Noun
      • A rough and aggressive person.
      A2
      More
    • turkey

      US /ˈtɜ:rki/

      UK /ˈtɜ:ki/

      • Countable Noun
      • Edible bird resembling a large chicken
      • Noun
      • An event that fails badly or is totally ineffectual
      • Flesh of large domesticated fowl usually roasted
      C1
      More
    • zone

      US /zoʊn/

      UK /zəʊn/

      • Noun
      • Area of space designated for a particular use
      • Transitive Verb
      • To divide an area for a particular reason
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #turkey#nato#alliance#summit#ankara#defense

    Erdogan hosts NATO: A difficult, but indispensable ally? | DW News

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/07/07
    Ever wondered how Turkey fits into the complex world of NATO? This video dives into President Erdoğan's crucial role as a "difficult, but indispensable ally," especially with global instability on the rise. You'll get a fascinating look at the geopolitical balancing act, picking up key phrases about international security and diplomacy along the way!

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