Vocabulary

  • such as: For example; like
  • instead of: When one thing is replaced by another
  • consist of
  • at will: Whenever or wherever you want; without needing permission.
  • no matter: Regardless of; it does not matter.
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • in practice: In reality or actual use; as opposed to in theory.
  • just exactly: Precisely; exactly right.
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • rather than: More exactly; more correctly
  • with respect to: In relation to; regarding.
  • account for: To explain the cause or reason for something
  • in the loop: Being kept informed about something.
  • on the internet: Located or available on the internet.
  • act on: To have an effect on something.
  • at least: As a minimum
  • think about: To consider something carefully.
  • the following: Next in order or sequence.
  • bring about: To cause to happen
  • in the meantime: During the time between two events; meanwhile.
  • skill up: To learn or improve skills to become more competent.
  • of course: Sure ; Certainly
  • assume: To act in a false manner to mislead others
  • phenomenon: Unusual event, fact that can be studied
  • context: Set of facts surrounding a person or event
  • improve: To make, or become, something better
  • impact: A striking effect or result to hit with force
  • flip: To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
  • tricky: Difficult, so needing skill to do or deal with
  • plenty: When there is not too little of something; a lot
  • experiment: Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
  • describe: To tell the appearance, sound, smell of something
  • reward: To give something because of someone's good work
  • capable: Being able to do something very well; proficient
  • explore: To examine something in detail to learn about it
  • desire: To wish for, hope or want something
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • function: Social event, or party such as a wedding
  • task: Big or small piece of work someone has to do
  • similar: Nearly the same; alike
  • stack: A large number or amount of something
  • behavior: The way a person or thing acts; manner
  • grasp: Person's control over something
  • virtual: Existing only on the internet or on a computer
  • simply: In an easy or clear manner
  • perform: To carry out an action well or successfully
  • evaluate: To form an idea to judge something carefully
  • literal: Being the basic exact meaning of a word/expression
  • deviate: To do something unusual or different; depart from
  • outcome: Something that happens as a result, consequence
  • accept: To agree to receive or take something offered
  • cram: To add more to something that is already full
  • civilization: A highly developed society
  • animation: The process of creating moving images using drawings, computer graphics, or other techniques.
  • receive: To get something someone has given or sent to you
  • feedback: A response or opinion, about a service, etc.
  • hack: To illegally access someone else's computer
  • narrator: Person or character who tells a story
  • learn: To get knowledge or skills by study or experience
  • simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • build: Your physical shape; physique
  • reinforcement: Act of strengthening or supporting an army
  • find: To become aware of something that is happening
  • difficult: Hard; not easy; you need to work hard to do it
  • pump: To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
  • simulation: A copying method to study the real world
  • proxy: Person authorized to act for another
  • slack: Condition of being looser or not tight
  • understand: To know the meaning of language, what someone says
  • real: Actually existing or happening, not imagined
  • cheat: To be unfaithful to (your wife, boyfriend etc.)
  • alignment: Agreement to work together on a common goal
  • speculative: Not based on sure knowledge; based on intuition
  • specification: Description of the design to make something
  • entirety: State of being complete
  • governance: Way a government is run; function of a government
  • facilitator: Someone who manages others to help their learning
  • leaky: Allowing fluid or air to enter or escape
  • lego: Child's plastic construction set
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • account for

      US /əˈkaʊnt fɔr/

      UK /əˈkaunt fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To explain the cause or reason for something
      • To form a particular amount or part of something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To supply a reason or explanation for something.
      • To form a particular amount or proportion of something.
      A1
      More
    • act on

      US /ækt ɑn/

      UK /ækt ɔn/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have an effect on something.
      • To take formal action or make a decision regarding something.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To take action as a result of information received.
      • To have an effect on something.
      B1
      More
    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • alignment

      US /əˈlaɪnmənt/

      UK /əˈlaɪnmənt/

      • Noun
      • Agreement to work together on a common goal
      • The state of being in a straight line or in the correct position.
      B2
      More
    • animation

      US /ˌænəˈmeʃən/

      UK /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The process of creating moving images using drawings, computer graphics, or other techniques.
      • Liveliness or energy in behavior or expression.
      B2
      More
    • assume

      US /əˈsum/

      UK /ə'sju:m/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To act in a false manner to mislead others
      • To believe, based on the evidence; suppose
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • at will

      US /æt wɪl/

      UK /æt wil/

      • Adverb
      • Whenever or wherever you want; without needing permission.
      • Adjective
      • Relating to an employment agreement where the employer can terminate the employee at any time for any reason that is not illegal.
      More
    • bring about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To cause to happen
      A1
      More
    • capable

      US /ˈkepəbəl/

      UK /'keɪpəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being able to do something very well; proficient
      • Having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve a specified thing.
      A2
      More
    • cheat

      US /tʃit/

      UK /tʃi:t/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To be unfaithful to (your wife, boyfriend etc.)
      • To escape death or harm, through luck or skill
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One who is unfaithful to their wife, partner etc.
      • One who lies or breaks rules to get what they want
      B1
      More
    • civilization

      US /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeʃən/

      UK /ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A highly developed society
      B2
      More
    • consist of

      US /kənˈsɪst ʌv/

      UK /kənˈsist ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      A2
      More
    • context

      US /ˈkɑnˌtɛkst/

      UK /ˈkɒntekst/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Set of facts surrounding a person or event
      • The circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.
      A2
      More
    • cram

      US /kræm/

      UK /kræm/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To add more to something that is already full
      • To study intensively (for a test)
      • Countable Noun
      • A room in which people are crammed.
      B2
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • desire

      US / dɪˈzaɪr/

      UK /dɪ'zaɪə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To wish for, hope or want something
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Thing that is wished for or wanted
      • A strong feeling of sexual wanting.
      A2
      More
    • deviate

      US /ˈdiviˌet/

      UK /ˈdi:vieɪt/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To do something unusual or different; depart from
      • To differ or diverge in opinion, belief, or character
      • Adjective
      • Departing from usual or accepted standards; atypical
      B1
      More
    • entirety

      US /ɛnˈtaɪrɪti, -ˈtaɪrti/

      UK /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • State of being complete
      • A form of joint ownership of property by a husband and wife, in which both have an equal, undivided interest in the whole property.
      C1
      More
    • evaluate

      US /ɪˈvæljuˌet/

      UK /ɪˈvæljueɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To form an idea to judge something carefully
      • To calculate or work out the value or amount of something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • experiment

      US /ɪkˈspɛrəmənt/

      UK /ɪk'sperɪmənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Test performed to assess new ideas or theories
      • A course of action tentatively adopted without being sure of the eventual outcome.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To create and perform tests to research something
      • To try something new that you haven't tried before
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • explore

      US /ɪkˈsplɔr/

      UK /ɪk'splɔ:(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To examine something in detail to learn about it
      • To travel to a place to discover more about it
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • facilitator

      US /fəˈsɪlɪteɪtər/

      UK /fəˈsɪlɪteɪtə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Someone who manages others to help their learning
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • feedback

      US /ˈfidˌbæk/

      UK /ˈfi:dbæk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A response or opinion, about a service, etc.
      • Information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a task, etc. which is used as a basis for improvement.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To give information or opinions about something to someone, especially in order to improve it.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • flip

      US /flɪp/

      UK /flɪp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To turn your body in the air, as in gymnastics
      • To move into a different position quickly
      • Noun
      • Act of turning your body in the air; somersault
      • Movement of something from one position to another
      B2
      More
    • function

      US /ˈfʌŋkʃən/

      UK /'fʌŋkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Social event, or party such as a wedding
      • Mathematical operation used in calculations
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To serve a certain purpose or role
      • To be operating, working or achieving its purpose
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • governance

      US /ˈɡʌvənəns/

      UK /ˈgʌvənəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Way a government is run; function of a government
      B2
      More
    • grasp

      US /ɡræsp/

      UK /ɡrɑ:sp/

      • Noun
      • Person's control over something
      • Act of holding something strongly in your hands
      • Transitive Verb
      • To hold something in your hand very tightly
      • To understand or make sense of a complex idea
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • hack

      US /hæk/

      UK /hæk/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To illegally access someone else's computer
      • To cut away plants and branches to make a path
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Dry cough
      • Horse for hire to work or pull a vehicle for a fee
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • impact

      US /ˈɪmˌpækt/

      UK /'ɪmpækt/

      • Noun
      • A striking effect or result to hit with force
      • Act or force of one thing hitting something else
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To hit or strike someone or something with force
      • To have a strong effect on someone or something.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • in practice

      US /ɪn ˈpræktɪs/

      UK /in ˈpræktis/

      • Phrase
      • In reality or actual use; as opposed to in theory.
      A1
      More
    • in the loop

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Being kept informed about something.
      • Included in a group that shares information.
      • Adjective
      • Included in a group that shares information.
      A1
      More
    • in the meantime

      US /ɪn ði ˈminˌtaɪm/

      UK /in ðə ˈmi:ntaim/

      • Phrase
      • During the time between two events; meanwhile.
      A1
      More
    • instead of

      US /ɪnˈstɛd ʌv/

      UK /inˈsted ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • When one thing is replaced by another
      • Adverb
      • As a substitute or alternative.
      A1
      More
    • just exactly

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Precisely; exactly right.
      • Used for emphasis to express agreement or precision.
      A2
      More
    • leaky

      US /ˈliki/

      UK /ˈli:ki/

      • Adjective
      • Allowing fluid or air to enter or escape
      B1
      More
    • lego

      US /'leɡoʊ/

      UK /ˈlegəʊ/

      • Proper Noun
      • Child's plastic construction set
      C1
      More
    • literal

      US /ˈlɪtərəl/

      UK /ˈlɪtərəl/

      • Adjective
      • Being the basic exact meaning of a word/expression
      • Being real and true and without exaggerating
      B1
      More
    • narrator

      US /ner.eɪ.tɚ/

      UK /nəˈreɪtə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Person or character who tells a story
      • A person who provides commentary or narration, especially for a broadcast or performance.
      B1
      More
    • no matter

      US

      UK

      • Conjunction
      • Regardless of; it does not matter.
      • Adverb
      • Regardless of; it is not important
      A1
      More
    • of course

      US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/

      UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/

      • Adverb
      • Sure ; Certainly
      • Phrase
      • For sure; certainly
      A2
      More
    • on the internet

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Located or available on the internet.
      • Using the internet as a medium or platform.
      A1
      More
    • outcome

      US /ˈaʊtˌkʌm/

      UK /ˈaʊtkʌm/

      • Noun
      • Something that happens as a result, consequence
      A2
      More
    • phenomenon

      US /fɪˈnɑməˌnɑn, -nən/

      UK /fə'nɒmɪnən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Unusual event, fact that can be studied
      • Interesting or unusual person, group
      B1
      More
    • plenty

      US /ˈplɛnti/

      UK /'plentɪ/

      • Pronoun
      • When there is not too little of something; a lot
      • Uncountable Noun
      • A large or sufficient amount or quantity; abundance.
      • A lot of something
      A2
      More
    • proxy

      US /ˈprɑksi/

      UK /'prɒksɪ/

      • Noun
      • Person authorized to act for another
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • pump

      US /pʌmp/

      UK /pʌmp/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make liquid or gas flow in a particular direction
      • To make water/other liquid move using a machine
      • Noun
      • A device more moving liquids
      • Light woman's shoe
      B1
      More
    • rather than

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • More exactly; more correctly
      • Preferably; instead
      • Preposition
      • Instead of
      A1
      More
    • reinforcement

      US /ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt, -ˈfors-/

      UK /ˌri:ɪn'fɔ:smənt/

      • Noun
      • Act of strengthening or supporting an army
      • Act of strengthening or adding support to
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • reward

      US /rɪˈwɔrd/

      UK /rɪ'wɔ:d/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give something because of someone's good work
      • To give someone money for helping the police
      • Noun
      • Money given for information about criminals
      • Something given in recognition of service, effort, or achievement.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • simulation

      US /ˌsɪmjəˈleʃən/

      UK /ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • A copying method to study the real world
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • skill up

      US /skɪl ʌp/

      UK /skɪl ʌp/

      • other
      • To learn or improve skills to become more competent.
      B2
      More
    • slack

      US /slæk/

      UK /slæk/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Condition of being looser or not tight
      • Adjective
      • Doing something poorly; not making enough effort
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • specification

      US /ˌspɛsəfɪˈkeʃən/

      UK /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Description of the design to make something
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • speculative

      US /ˈspɛkjulətɪv, -ˌle-/

      UK /ˈspekjələtɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Not based on sure knowledge; based on intuition
      • Based on conjecture or abstract reasoning; theoretical rather than demonstrably factual.
      B2
      More
    • stack

      US /stæk/

      UK /stæk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A large number or amount of something
      • Large tube through which smoke exits a building
      • Transitive Verb
      • To arrange cards in a certain order, to cheat
      • To put one thing on top of another, e.g. boxes
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • such as

      US /sʌtʃ æz/

      UK /sʌtʃ æz/

      • Preposition
      • For example; like
      A1
      More
    • task

      US /tæsk/

      UK /tɑ:sk/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Big or small piece of work someone has to do
      • Transitive Verb
      • To be given something to do, e.g. wash dishes
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • the following

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Next in order or sequence.
      • Uncountable Noun
      • What is about to be said or written.
      B1
      More
    • think about

      US /θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/

      UK /θiŋk əˈbaut/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To consider something carefully.
      • To remember or call to mind.
      A1
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • tricky

      US /ˈtrɪki/

      UK /'trɪkɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Difficult, so needing skill to do or deal with
      • Likely to use tricks; dishonest or deceptive
      A2
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • virtual

      US /ˈvɚtʃuəl/

      UK /ˈvɜ:tʃuəl/

      • Adjective
      • Existing only on the internet or on a computer
      • Existing only in a digital world
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • with respect to

      US /wɪð rɪˈspɛkt tu/

      UK /wið risˈpekt tu:/

      • Preposition
      • In relation to; regarding.
      • Phrase
      • In relation to; concerning.
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    80
    B1US
    #agent#block#ai#reward#learning#leaky

    Specification Gaming: How AI Can Turn Your Wishes Against You

    0
    EH posted on 2026/07/02
    Ever wonder how AI might misunderstand our instructions in surprising ways? This video dives into "Specification Gaming," explaining how even well-intentioned goals can lead to unintended outcomes, using fun examples like AI trying to stack Lego blocks! You'll pick up key phrases like "leaky proxy" and "reward hacking" to better understand the challenges of AI safety.

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