affect
US /əˈfɛkt/
UK /ə'fekt/
- Transitive Verb
- To cause a change in something else
- To pretend to have or feel (something).
- Noun
- (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
A2TOEICMoreaside from
US /əˈsaɪd frʌm/
UK /əˈsaid frɔm/
- Phrase
A1Moreat some point
US /æt sʌm pɔɪnt/
UK /æt sʌm pɔint/
- Phrase
- At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
A1Morebring in
US /brɪŋ ɪn/
UK /briŋ in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To earn a certain amount of money or profits
- To add person into existing group, e.g. phone call
A1Morecalm
US /kɑm/
UK /kɑ:m/
- Adjective
- Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
- Relaxed and not worried or angry
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To make or become relaxed and not worried or angry
A2Morecampaign
US /kæmˈpen/
UK /kæm'peɪn/
- Intransitive Verb
- To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Series of actions meant to achieve a goal
- A planned set of military activities intended to achieve a particular objective.
A2TOEICMorecandidate
US /ˈkændɪˌdet, -dɪt/
UK /ˈkændɪdət/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Politician who is running for public office
B1Moreclamp down on
US /klæmp daʊn ɑn/
UK /klæmp daʊn ɒn/
- other
- To take strict measures to control or limit something.
B2Moreconflict
US /ˈkɑnˌflɪkt/
UK /'kɒnflɪkt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Argument or struggle between two or more parties
- A serious disagreement or argument.
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To have opposite ideas; to disagree; To not match
A2Moreconservative
US /kənˈsɚvətɪv/
UK /kənˈsɜ:vətɪv/
- Adjective
- (Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
- Resistant to change
- Noun
- Person with traditional ideas; doesn't like change
B1Morecrack
US /kræk/
UK /kræk/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- Unexpected and hard hit to the body
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- To hit someone or something hard and unexpectedly
B1Morecrack down
US /kræk daʊn/
UK /kræk daun/
- Phrasal Verb
- To act forcefully in order to reduce crime, etc.
B1Morecrisis
US /ˈkraɪsɪs/
UK /'kraɪsɪs/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- A turning point in a disease.
B1Moredebate
US / dɪˈbet/
UK /dɪ'beɪt/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- General public discussion of a topic
- A formal event where two sides discuss a topic
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To consider options before making a decision
- To take part in a formal discussion
A2TOEICMoredecade
US /ˈdɛkˌed, dɛˈked/
UK /ˈdekeɪd/
- Countable Noun
- Period of 10 years
B1TOEICMoredialogue
US /ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ, -ˌlɑɡ/
UK /'daɪəlɒɡ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Conversation between two or more individuals
- A discussion or series of discussions between people or groups, especially ones aimed at resolving a problem.
B1Moredismantle
US /dɪsˈmæntl/
UK /dɪs'mæntl/
- Transitive Verb
- To take something apart in an organized way
- To gradually cause something to come to an end or fail.
B2Moredivide
US /dɪˈvaɪd/
UK /dɪ'vaɪd/
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
- To separate something into equal pieces
- Noun
- A separation or distinction.
A2TOEICMoreedge out
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To narrowly defeat someone.
B1Moreelection
US /ɪˈlɛkʃən/
UK /ɪ'lekʃn/
- Noun
- Process of choosing someone by voting
B1TOEICMoreelectoral
US /ɪˈlɛktərəl/
UK /ɪˈlektərəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning elections
B2Moreexpansion
US /ɪkˈspænʃən/
UK /ɪkˈspænʃn/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Making or becoming larger
- The process of increasing in size, number, or scope, especially in a business context.
B2TOEICMoreexpert
US /ˈɛkˌspɚt/
UK /'ekspɜ:t/
- Countable Noun
- Skillful person with special knowledge
- Adjective
- Having special knowledge or skill
A2TOEICMoreextortion
US /ɪkˈstɔrʃən/
UK /ɪk'stɔ:ʃn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of threatening people to get money
C1Moreextremely
US /ɪk'strimlɪ/
UK /ɪkˈstri:mli/
- Adverb
- In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- Remarkably; unusually.
B1Morefor someone
US /fɚ ˈsʌmwʌn/
UK /fə ˈsʌmwʌn/
- other
- On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
A1Morefrankly
US /ˈfræŋkli/
UK /ˈfræŋkli/
- Adverb
- Speaking honestly and directly
- Used to express disagreement or mild disapproval.
B2Morehave to
US /hæv tu/
UK /ˈhæv tə/
- Auxiliary Verb
- Must do
A1Morein arms
US
UK
- Phrase
- Bearing weapons; ready for or engaged in fighting.
- Held or carried in someone's arms.
A1Morein broad daylight
US /ɪn brɔd ˈdeˌlaɪt/
UK /in brɔ:d ˈdeilait/
- Phrase
- Openly and brazenly, especially during the day when it is easily visible.
B1Morein order to
US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/
UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/
- Preposition
- For the purpose of; with the aim of.
- Phrase
- In a specific sequence or arrangement.
- With the aim of; for the purpose of.
C1Morein the past
US
UK
- Phrase
- During a former period of time; previously.
A1Morein the world
US /ɪn ði wɜrld/
UK /in ðə wɜː(r)ld/
- Phrase
- Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
- Used to indicate the extent or degree of something, often in a superlative sense.
A1Moreinequality
US /ˌɪnɪˈkwɑ:ləti/
UK /ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/
- Uncountable Noun
- Situation where things are not equal, fair
B1Moreinvolve
US /ɪnˈvɑlv/
UK /ɪn'vɒlv/
- Transitive Verb
- To have or be included as a part of something
- To cause (a person or group) to take part in an event or activity.
A2TOEICMoreissue
US /ˈɪʃu/
UK /'ɪʃu:/
- Transitive Verb
- To make something available to be used or sold
- To deliver a statement, etc. in an official manner
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Important topic discussed, debated or argued over
- Single edition of a magazine
A2TOEICMorelatin
US /ˈlætn/
UK /ˈlætɪn/
- Uncountable Noun
- Ancient Roman language affecting many languages
- Adjective
- Of or typical of a Spanish-speaking culture
C2Moreleftist
US /'leftɪst/
UK /ˈleftɪst/
- Noun
- One supporting liberal or new ideas politically
B2Morelook for
US /lʊk fɔr/
UK /luk fɔ:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To try to find a thing or person that is lost
- To expect or anticipate something.
A1Moremandate
US /ˈmænˌdet/
UK /'mændeɪt/
- Transitive Verb
- To order that something is done
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Official command or order
- The authority to carry out a policy or course of action, regarded as given by the electorate to a candidate or party that has won an election.
B2TOEICMoremilitary
US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/
UK /'mɪlətrɪ/
- Noun
- Army or armed forces
- Adjective
- Concerning the army or navy
B1Moremining
US /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
UK /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/
- Transitive Verb
- To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
- To dig into the earth or sea to obtain minerals
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of digging to get coal, gold, silver etc.
B2Moreof course
US /ʌv kɔː(r)s/
UK /ɔv kɔː(r)s/
- Adverb
- Sure ; Certainly
- Phrase
- For sure; certainly
A2Moreon the ground
US
UK
- Phrase
- Located on the surface of the earth.
- Present and available in a particular place, especially to deal with a situation.
opportunity
US /ˌɑpɚˈtunɪti, -ˈtju-/
UK /ˌɒpə'tju:nətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance
- A favorable time or occasion for doing something.
A2TOEICMoreout there
US /aʊt ðɛr/
UK /aut ðɛə/
- Adverb
- In or to a place that is far away
- Existing in the universe
- Adjective
- Unconventional; strange; avant-garde
- Existing or available.
A1Moreoutgoing
US /ˈaʊtgoʊɪŋ/
UK /ˈaʊtgəʊɪŋ/
- Adjective
- Leaving a place or a position
B2Morepercentage
US /pərˈsentɪdʒ/
UK /pəˈsentɪdʒ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Part of a whole divided into hundredths
- An advantage or allowance.
B1Morepolitical
US /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/
UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/
- Adjective
- Being active or interested in government matters
- Diplomatic
A2Morepopulist
US /ˈpɑpjulɪst/
UK /'pɒpjəlɪst/
- Noun
- Politician claiming to represent ordinary people
- Adjective
- Claiming to represent the views of ordinary people
B2Morepreliminary
US /prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri/
UK /prɪˈlɪmɪnəri/
- Adjective
- Happening or necessary before a thing happens
- Serving as a preparation; introductory
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Action preparing for the main event
- A preliminary action, step, or measure
B1Morepresidency
US /ˈprɛzɪdənsi, -ˌdɛn-/
UK /ˈprezɪdənsi/
- Uncountable Noun
- Fact or period of time of being a president
B2Morepresidential
US /ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/
UK /ˌprezɪ'denʃl/
- Adjective
- Concerning the president
B1Morerecognize
US /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
UK /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/
- Transitive Verb
- To accept the truth or reality of something
- To consider something as important or special
A2TOEICMorerecruitment
US /rɪˈkrutmənt/
UK /rɪ'kru:tmənt/
- Uncountable Noun
- Act of enlisting people into the army
- The action of enlisting or hiring new people.
B2TOEICMorerely on
US /rɪˈlaɪ ɑn/
UK /riˈlai ɔn/
- Phrasal Verb
- To depend on someone or something
A2Moreresult
US /rɪˈzʌlt/
UK /rɪ'zʌlt/
- Noun
- Something produced through tests or experiments
- Final score of a competition, election or game
- Intransitive Verb
- To be the outcome of other causes and effects
- To happen or exist as a consequence of something.
A2Morerural
US /ˈrʊrəl/
UK /ˈruərəl/
- Adjective
- Concerning the country as opposed to the city
B1Moresecurity
US /sɪˈkjʊrɪti/sə'kjurətɪ/
UK /sɪ'kjʊərətɪ/
- Noun
- Department in a company in charge of protection
- Financial document, like stocks, bonds and notes
A2TOEICMoresenator
US /ˈsɛnətɚ/
UK /ˈsenətə(r)/
- Noun
- An elected politician belonging to the senate
B2Moreset up
US /sɛt ʌp/
UK /set ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To make arrangements for something; establish
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To arrange or prepare something for use.
- To start a business, organization, etc.
A1Moresociety
US /səˈsaɪɪti/
UK /sə'saɪətɪ/
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- A group who meet to share values or interests
- Group of people living together
A2TOEICMorestay in
US /ste ɪn/
UK /stei in/
- Phrasal Verb
- To remain inside one's home.
- Intransitive Verb
- To remain as an inpatient in a hospital.
such as
US /sʌtʃ æz/
UK /sʌtʃ æz/
- Preposition
- For example; like
A1Moretackle
US /ˈtækəl/
UK /'tækl/
- Transitive Verb
- To start working on a difficult problem
- To grab and throw a person to the ground
- Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
- Equipment used in fishing
- Arrangement of ropes and wheels used for lifting
B1TOEICMoretalking about
US
UK
- Phrasal Verb
- To discuss a particular topic.
- To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
A1Moreturn around
US /tɚn əˈraʊnd/
UK /tə:n əˈraund/
- Phrasal Verb
- To change your body to the opposite direction
- To make something running badly into a success
- Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
- To change direction so as to face the opposite way.
- To improve or cause to improve.
A1Moreused to
US /juzd tu/
UK /ˈju:st tə/
- Adjective
- Did regularly before, but don't do now
- Auxiliary Verb
- Have done before, but do not do now
A1Morewait for
US /wet fɔr/
UK /weit fɔ:/
- Phrasal Verb
- To wait until someone comes, or something happens
A1Morewake up
US /wek ʌp/
UK /weik ʌp/
- Phrasal Verb
- To stop sleeping
- To become fully aware and alert to a situation.
A1More
Vocabulary
- of course: Sure ; Certainly
- crack down: To act forcefully in order to reduce crime, etc.
- talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
- have to: Must do
- turn around: To change your body to the opposite direction
- wait for: To wait until someone comes, or something happens
- bring in: To earn a certain amount of money or profits
- clamp down on: To take strict measures to control or limit something.
- stay in: To remain inside one's home.
- in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
- in arms: Bearing weapons; ready for or engaged in fighting.
- used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
- in the world: Used to emphasize a question expressing surprise, confusion, or disbelief.
- for someone: On behalf of or intended for a particular person.
- in the past: During a former period of time; previously.
- aside from
- out there: In or to a place that is far away
- rely on: To depend on someone or something
- in broad daylight: Openly and brazenly, especially during the day when it is easily visible.
- on the ground: Located on the surface of the earth.
- edge out: To narrowly defeat someone.
- such as: For example; like
- set up
- at some point: At an unspecified time, usually in the future.
- wake up: To stop sleeping
- look for: To try to find a thing or person that is lost
- sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
- recognize: To accept the truth or reality of something
- extremely: In a way that is much more than usual or expected
- opportunity: Time, situation when a thing might be done; chance
- situation: Place, position or area that something is in
- debate: General public discussion of a topic
- crisis: Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
- tackle: To start working on a difficult problem
- conflict: Argument or struggle between two or more parties
- campaign: To work in an organized, active way towards a goal
- frankly: Speaking honestly and directly
- crack: Attempt to achieve a goal or objective
- decade: Period of 10 years
- calm: Without wind or storm; quiet; peaceful
- divide: To split numbers by another number, e.g. 6 / 2 = 3
- expert: Skillful person with special knowledge
- military: Army or armed forces
- political: Being active or interested in government matters
- affect: To cause a change in something else
- conservative: (Of an estimate, price) set fairly low
- dialogue: Conversation between two or more individuals
- issue: To make something available to be used or sold
- state: Region within a country, with its own government
- society: A group who meet to share values or interests
- address: Exact street location of a place
- candidate: Politician who is running for public office
- security: Department in a company in charge of protection
- involve: To have or be included as a part of something
- result: Something produced through tests or experiments
- lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
- provide: To make available; to supply for use
- ground: To break (coffee, etc.) into tiny bits with machine
- rural: Concerning the country as opposed to the city
- mandate: To order that something is done
- inequality: Situation where things are not equal, fair
- election: Process of choosing someone by voting
- government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
- point: An item to be discussed
- middle: Place that is halfway between two things
- change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
- find: To become aware of something that is happening
- expansion: Making or becoming larger
- business: A company formed for making profit
- hard: Difficult to do; difficult to understand
- dismantle: To take something apart in an organized way
- preliminary: Happening or necessary before a thing happens
- part: Division of a book
- mining: To place a bomb in the ground or the sea
- percentage: Part of a whole divided into hundredths
- senator: An elected politician belonging to the senate
- presidency: Fact or period of time of being a president
- outgoing: Leaving a place or a position
- presidential: Concerning the president
- recruitment: Act of enlisting people into the army
- electoral: Concerning elections
- populist: Politician claiming to represent ordinary people
- latin: Ancient Roman language affecting many languages
- extortion: Act of threatening people to get money
- leftist: One supporting liberal or new ideas politically
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01:03
She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.
Vocabulary
- brave
adj. Having courage
- comfort zone
phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe
Explanation
a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step".
forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead".
The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.
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brave
US/brev/
UK/breɪv/
adj.Brave
v.t.To bravely face
A2 Elementary
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Colombia Election: Trump-Backed De la Espriella Claims Victory | DW News
0
林宜悉 posted on 2026/06/23Colombia's presidential election was a nail-biter, with a Trump-backed outsider claiming a narrow victory! This video dives into the results, the political polarization in the country, and what to expect from the new leadership. You'll pick up key phrases for discussing elections and political change.
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