Vocabulary

• as well as: Also; in addition to
• look at: To use your eyes to focus on something
• around the world: In or to many countries.
• of itself: Happening automatically without external cause or help.
• signing on: To hire someone for a specific job or activity
• at the same time: Simultaneously; at the identical moment.
• same time: Occurring simultaneously or at the same point in time.
• figure out: To understand the behavior of someone
• into power: To gain political control or leadership position.
• outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
• talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
• thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
• in other words: Stating something in a different way, often to make it clearer or more understandable.
• in practice: In reality or actual use; as opposed to in theory.
• count on: To depend on someone
• lead on: To encourage someone to believe something that is not true.
• for instance: As an example.
• at least: As a minimum
• as long as: For the period that; provided that.
• sphere of influence: A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
• sort: To organize things by putting them into groups
• essentially: Basically; (said when stating the basic facts)
• phrase: Common expression or saying
• strategy: Careful plan or method for achieving a goal
• basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
• description: Explanation of what something is like, looks like
• term: Conditions applying to an agreement, contract
• spectrum: The wavelengths of colors from red to violet
• expect: To believe something is probably going to happen
• current: Electricity flowing through wires
• reflect: To indicate or be a sign of something
• prime: To get a person ready for; prepare someone
• military: Army or armed forces
• issue: To make something available to be used or sold
• state: Region within a country, with its own government
• attractive: Making you like them, as by being good-looking
• region: Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
• section: A part of a whole
• security: Department in a company in charge of protection
• expand: To make something larger in size, number, amount
• administration: Act of giving e.g. medicine to a patient
• pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
• comprehensive: Including most or all things
• lead: Wire for electricity, computer, etc.; cable
• argument: Discussion in which you disagree with someone
• economy: Using money, resources in a careful, effective way
• explicitly: Clearly; specifically
• responsibility: Job, task or thing you are expected to look after
• stance: A position or opinion stated in public
• depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
• sign: Indication that something exists or will happen
• government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
• argue: To fight or disagree over something
• contest: Struggle or competition between rivals
• alliance: Group of people/organizations working together
• expansion: Making or becoming larger
• nation: Area or region controlled by a government and army
• world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
• cooperation: Working together to get something done
• want: To desire or wish for something; hope for a thing
• regional: Of a particular area, not the whole of a country
• give: Degree of flexibility in something, a material
• coin: A small, flat piece of metal used as money
• territorial: Associated with the ownership of an area
• geopolitical: Concerning geopolitics
• underlie: To be the basis, foundation or cause of something
• unsurprisingly: In an expected manner; predictably
• southeast: Location in the southeastern part of an area
• gen: (UK old-fashioned, informal) Information about a particular subject
• policymaker: Someone who makes and decides (government) plans