Vocabulary

  • slow down: To reduce the speed
  • into space: Toward or entering the region beyond Earth's atmosphere.
  • back into: To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
  • rather than: More exactly; more correctly
  • around the world: In or to many countries.
  • recorded history: The period of time for which written records exist.
  • cut back: To use less of something
  • for certain: Definitely; without a doubt.
  • on the ground: Located on the surface of the earth.
  • for example: As an illustration or instance.
  • hanging out: To spend time with your friends
  • into the stratosphere: To rise rapidly to a very high level or amount.
  • spread around: To distribute something to a wide area or to many people.
  • in the stratosphere: At extremely high or elevated levels, especially prices or amounts.
  • in theory: According to the stated ideas or principles
  • for instance: As an example.
  • in terms of
  • check out
  • material: Cloth; fabric
  • constant: Happening frequently or without pause
  • evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
  • basically: Used before you explain something simply, clearly
  • scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
  • inspiration: Force making you feel you can do things, succeed
  • atmosphere: Air around us
  • climate: Typical weather conditions in a particular place
  • spread: A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • mimic: Someone who tries to act like another person
  • reflect: To indicate or be a sign of something
  • exist: To be present, alive or real
  • estimate: Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
  • substitute: To perform the tasks instead of someone else
  • alter: To change so (clothing) fits better
  • adapt: To change something for a different function
  • cause: Belief, goal or organization that people support
  • surface: To give (road) a top layer
  • huge: Very very large
  • trap: Device used for catching animals
  • effect: An advantage, benefit
  • planet: One of the bodies that orbit the sun
  • record: Highest or most extreme level achieved
  • bounce: A person's energy or confidence
  • radiation: Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
  • altitude: Height of something above sea level
  • suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
  • fossil: Plant or animal that became rock after many years
  • marine: Soldier trained to serve on land and sea
  • dioxide: An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • mediterranean: Describing the sea between Italy and Africa
  • aircraft: Vehicle that can fly
  • catch: Amount of something that has been caught
  • particle: Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
  • jeopardy: When something may be harmed, damaged or lost
  • solar: Concerning the sun, or its heat
  • notification: Act of giving formal or official information
  • wrong: Action that is harmful, unjust or illegal
  • change: To exchange one set of clothes for another
  • difference: A thing or issue that people do not agree about
  • space: Empty area kept for a specific reason, like a car
  • continuously: Without stops, breaks, or an end
  • mount: To attach something to something else
  • world: All the humans, events, activities on the earth
  • polar: Concerning the areas near the North or South poles
  • renewable: Being able to be replaced naturally
  • work: The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • time: Speed at which music is played; tempo
  • volcanic: (E.g. of a temperament) easily angered; violent
  • eruption: Act of happening suddenly or begin doing
  • surefire: (Of success/result) very certain; very effective
  • explosive: Tending to show strong emotion suddenly
  • modification: A small change to a machine, system, or plan
  • rainforest: Ancient forest growing in tropical regions
  • aerosol: A container that sprays liquid under pressure
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • adapt

      US /əˈdæpt/

      UK /ə'dæpt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To change something for a different function
      • To change something to fit or suit a new purpose
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To change your behaviour so that it is easier to live in a new place or situation
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • aerosol

      US /ˈɛrəˌsɔl, -ˌsɑl/

      UK /ˈeərəˌsɔ:l, -ˌsɔl/

      • Noun
      • A container that sprays liquid under pressure
      C1
      More
    • aircraft

      US /ˈɛrˌkræft/

      UK /ˈɛəkrɑ:ft/

      • Countable Noun
      • Vehicle that can fly
      C2TOEIC
      More
    • alter

      US /ˈɔltɚ/

      UK /ˈɔ:ltə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To change so (clothing) fits better
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To change or modify something.
      • To become different; to change.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • altitude

      US /ˈæltɪˌtud,-ˌtjud/

      UK /'æltɪtju:d/

      • Noun
      • Height of something above sea level
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • around the world

      US /əˈraʊnd ði wɜrld/

      UK /əˈraund ðə wɜː(r)ld/

      • Phrase
      • In or to many countries.
      • In various places throughout the world.
      A2
      More
    • atmosphere

      US /ˈætməˌsfɪr/

      UK /'ætməsfɪə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Air around us
      • Feeling or mood of a place
      A2
      More
    • back into

      US /bæk ˈɪntu/

      UK /bæk ˈɪntuː/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To drive a vehicle backwards into a space or area.
      • To accidentally collide with something while moving backwards.
      A1
      More
    • basically

      US /ˈbesɪkəli,-kli/

      UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • Used before you explain something simply, clearly
      • In essence; when you consider the most important aspects of something.
      A2
      More
    • bounce

      US /baʊns/

      UK /baʊns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • A person's energy or confidence
      • Quality causing a person's hair to appear healthy
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To move around energetically, playfully
      • (Of check) to be rejected due to inadequate funds
      B1
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • cause

      US /kɔz/

      UK /kɔ:z/

      • Noun
      • Belief, goal or organization that people support
      • Reason for
      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something happen; create effect or result
      A2
      More
    • check out

      US /tʃɛk aʊt/

      UK /tʃek aut/

      • Phrase
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To find out information about something
      • To take books out of a library
      A1
      More
    • climate

      US /ˈklaɪmɪt/

      UK /ˈklaɪmət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Typical weather conditions in a particular place
      • The general attitudes, feelings, or opinions that people have at a particular time.
      A2
      More
    • constant

      US /ˈkɑnstənt/

      UK /'kɒnstənt/

      • Adjective
      • Happening frequently or without pause
      • Remaining the same over time or not changing.
      • Noun
      • Thing that happens always or at a regular rate
      • A physical quantity that is believed to have a fixed value and is used in calculations.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • continuously

      US /kənˈtɪnjʊəslɪ/

      UK /kən'tɪnjʊəslɪ/

      • Adverb
      • Without stops, breaks, or an end
      • Without interruption; constantly.
      B1
      More
    • cut back

      US /kʌt bæk/

      UK /kʌt bæk/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To use less of something
      • To reduce your use of something; reduce amount
      A1
      More
    • dioxide

      US /daɪˈɑksaɪd/

      UK /daɪˈɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • An oxide containing two oxides per molecule
      B2
      More
    • eruption

      US /ɪˈrʌpʃən/

      UK /ɪ'rʌpʃn/

      • Noun
      • Act of happening suddenly or begin doing
      • Process of a volcano shooting out hot rocks
      B1
      More
    • estimate

      US /ˈɛstəˌmet/

      UK /'estɪmət/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Guess or calculation of cost, size or value
      • A judgment or opinion.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To guess or calculate the cost, size or value of
      • To form an approximate idea or judgment of.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • explosive

      US /ɪkˈsplosɪv/

      UK /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/

      • Adjective
      • Tending to show strong emotion suddenly
      • Occurring very quickly and suddenly
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Material which can explode (e.g. a bomb)
      B1
      More
    • for certain

      US /fɔr ˈsɚtn/

      UK /fɔ: ˈsə:tn/

      • Idiom
      • Definitely; without a doubt.
      • Phrase
      • Without any doubt; definitely.
      More
    • for example

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As an illustration or instance.
      More
    • for instance

      US /fɔr ˈɪnstəns/

      UK /fɔ: ˈinstəns/

      • Adverb
      • As an example.
      • Phrase
      • As an example.
      • As an illustration or case in point
      B1
      More
    • fossil

      US /ˈfɑsəl/

      UK /'fɒsl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Plant or animal that became rock after many years
      • A person or thing that is outdated or no longer useful.
      • Adjective
      • Relating to or resembling a fossil.
      • Relating to or denoting energy generated from fossil fuels.
      B1
      More
    • hanging out

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To spend time with your friends
      • To spend times with friends or relax doing nothing
      A2
      More
    • huge

      US /hjudʒ/

      UK /hju:dʒ/

      • Adjective
      • Very very large
      A2
      More
    • in terms of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • With regard to; concerning a particular aspect.
      A1
      More
    • in the stratosphere

      US /ɪn ðə ˈstrætəsfɪɚ/

      UK /ɪn ðə ˈstrætəsfiə/

      • other
      • At extremely high or elevated levels, especially prices or amounts.
      C1
      More
    • in theory

      US /ɪn ˈθiəri/

      UK /in ˈθiəri/

      • Adverb
      • According to the stated ideas or principles
      • Phrase
      • According to the theoretical possibilities rather than actual practice.
      B2
      More
    • inspiration

      US /ˌɪnspəˈreʃən/

      UK /ˌɪnspə'reɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Force making you feel you can do things, succeed
      • The power or urge that makes you want to do something, especially something creative
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • into space

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Toward or entering the region beyond Earth's atmosphere.
      • Figuratively, entering a realm of imagination or abstraction.
      A1
      More
    • into the stratosphere

      US /ˈɪntu ðə ˈstrætəsfɪɚ/

      UK /ˈɪntəʊ ðə ˈstrætəsfɪə/

      • other
      • To rise rapidly to a very high level or amount.
      B2
      More
    • jeopardy

      US /ˈdʒɛpədi/

      UK /'dʒepədɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • When something may be harmed, damaged or lost
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • marine

      US /məˈrin/

      UK /mə'ri:n/

      • Countable Noun
      • Soldier trained to serve on land and sea
      • Adjective
      • Of the ocean or ocean plants and animals
      • Concerning sailing or doing business by sea
      B1
      More
    • material

      US /məˈtɪriəl/

      UK /məˈtɪəriəl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Cloth; fabric
      • Supplies or data needed to do a certain thing
      • Adjective
      • Relevant; (of evidence) important or significant
      • Belonging to the world of physical things
      A2
      More
    • mimic

      US /ˈmɪmɪk/

      UK /'mɪmɪk/

      • Countable Noun
      • Someone who tries to act like another person
      • Transitive Verb
      • To copy a person's words/actions to amuse people
      B2
      More
    • modification

      US /mɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)/

      UK /ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A small change to a machine, system, or plan
      • The act of adjusting or adapting something.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • mount

      US /maʊnt/

      UK /maʊnt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To attach something to something else
      • To set a picture, jewel etc. in
      • Noun
      • An attachment used to keep something in place
      • Horse that someone is riding
      B2
      More
    • notification

      US /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

      UK /ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Act of giving formal or official information
      B2
      More
    • on the ground

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Located on the surface of the earth.
      • Present and available in a particular place, especially to deal with a situation.
      More
    • particle

      US /ˈpɑrtɪkəl/

      UK /ˈpɑ:tɪkl/

      • Noun
      • Adverb or preposition that joins with a verb
      • Tiny piece or quantity of something
      B1
      More
    • planet

      US /ˈplænɪt/

      UK /'plænɪt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • One of the bodies that orbit the sun
      • A different world or sphere of existence.
      • Proper Noun
      • The earth.
      A2
      More
    • polar

      US /ˈpolɚ/

      UK /ˈpəʊlə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the areas near the North or South poles
      B1
      More
    • radiation

      US /ˌrediˈeʃən/

      UK /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Energy transmitted as rays, waves or particles
      • Harmful waves of energy from nuclear activity
      B1
      More
    • rainforest

      US /ˈreɪnfɔ:rɪst/

      UK /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/

      • Noun
      • Ancient forest growing in tropical regions
      B2
      More
    • rather than

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • More exactly; more correctly
      • Preferably; instead
      • Preposition
      • Instead of
      A1
      More
    • recorded history

      US

      UK

      • Uncountable Noun
      • The period of time for which written records exist.
      A2
      More
    • reflect

      US /rɪˈflɛkt/

      UK /rɪ'flekt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To indicate or be a sign of something
      • To bounce back light, heat, sound from a surface
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • renewable

      US /rɪˈnu:/

      UK /rɪˈnju:əbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being able to be replaced naturally
      • Noun
      • A resource that can be used again many times
      C1
      More
    • scale

      US /skel/

      UK /skeɪl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Size, level, or amount when compared
      • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To change the size of but keep the proportions
      • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • slow down

      US /slo daʊn/

      UK /sləu daun/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To reduce the speed
      • To become less active or busy.
      A1
      More
    • solar

      US /ˈsolɚ/

      UK /'səʊlə(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the sun, or its heat
      B1
      More
    • spread

      US /sprɛd/

      UK /spred/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A big meal, often laid out as a buffet
      • The distance between two things
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To place over a large area; to cover a large area
      • (Of ideas, gossip) to pass to and affect others
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • spread around

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To distribute something to a wide area or to many people.
      • To apply something loosely or thinly over a surface.
      B2
      More
    • substitute

      US /ˈsʌbstɪˌtut, -ˌtjut/

      UK /'sʌbstɪtju:t/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To perform the tasks instead of someone else
      • To replace one person or thing for another
      • Noun
      • A person or thing acting in place of another
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • surefire

      US /'ʃʊrˌfaɪə/

      UK /'ʃʊəˌfaɪə/

      • Adjective
      • (Of success/result) very certain; very effective
      C2
      More
    • surface

      US /ˈsɚfəs/

      UK /'sɜ:fɪs/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give (road) a top layer
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To appear after being hidden, unseen, or unknown
      • To come to the top of something; emerge
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • trap

      US /træp/

      UK /træp/

      • Countable Noun
      • Device used for catching animals
      • Vehicle pulled by a single horse
      • Transitive Verb
      • To use a device to catch animals or people
      • To hold, e.g. a nerve, so that it cannot move
      A2
      More
    • volcanic

      US /vɑ:lˈkænɪk/

      UK /vɒlˈkænɪk/

      • Adjective
      • (E.g. of a temperament) easily angered; violent
      • Of or relating to a volcano or volcanoes
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #climate#aerosol#climate change#cooling#injection#reflective

    Bold ideas to cool the planet | BBC Ideas

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/05/21
    Ever wondered if we could actually cool the planet? This video dives into bold geoengineering ideas like marine cloud brightening and stratospheric aerosols, explaining how they might work and the surprising consequences they could bring! You'll pick up some fascinating advanced vocabulary related to climate intervention along the way.

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