Vocabulary

  • at least: As a minimum
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • depending on: To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
  • going on: To continue doing something
  • in fact: Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
  • stick around: To remain in place; not leave or go
  • for certain: Definitely; without a doubt.
  • come from: To have as your native country or city
  • flare up: To suddenly worsen or become more intense (of a medical condition).
  • cool off: To become cooler.
  • outside of: Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
  • suffer from: To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
  • in particular: Specifically; especially.
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • thanks to: Because of; as a result of.
  • piss off: To leave or go away, used especially as a rude way of telling someone to go away
  • think of: To look on as (being something specific); consider
  • back then: At that time in the past.
  • six times: Multiplied by six; a factor of six.
  • light up: To illuminate something; to make something brighter with light.
  • cracked it: To solve a problem or mystery.
  • the whole story: The complete and unabridged account of something.
  • pass through: To experience something, often unpleasant or difficult.
  • rather than: More exactly; more correctly
  • up the wazoo: In large amounts or to excess.
  • out of whack: Not in proper working order; not functioning correctly.
  • at large: (of a person or animal, especially one that is dangerous) not captured; free.
  • on the condition: Depending on something happening or being done.
  • circle back: To return to a previous topic or point in conversation.
  • for the rest: Concerning the remaining people or things.
  • in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
  • on the market: Available for sale.
  • go on: To continue doing something
  • in order to: For the purpose of; with the aim of.
  • mess with: To interfere with or tamper with something.
  • as for: Concerning; regarding.
  • no matter: Regardless of; it does not matter.
  • weird: Odd or unusual; surprising; strange
  • stick: To push a sharp or pointed object into something
  • fatigue: Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
  • immune: Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
  • trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
  • evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
  • improve: To make, or become, something better
  • treat: To pay for the food or enjoyment of someone else
  • bizarre: Odd or strange
  • specifically: As regards a particular thing; closely related to
  • general: Widespread, normal or usual
  • develop: To explain something in steps and in detail
  • bacteria: The very small creatures that can cause disease
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • barrier: Difficult situation preventing something happening
  • stress: To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
  • inflammation: Painful swelling in the body due to illness
  • irritable: Annoyed; easily annoyed or angered
  • gut: To destroy the inside of a building , e.g. by fire
  • research: To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • absorb: To take up all attention / energy of something
  • affect: To cause a change in something else
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • intestine: Long tube in the body for digesting food
  • genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
  • response: Something said/written as an answer to something
  • explain: To make clear or easy to understand by describing
  • suppress: To prevent the display of emotion or feeling
  • form: Sports team or person's current winning record
  • inflammatory: Making or intended to make someone angry
  • effect: An advantage, benefit
  • pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • option: A choice
  • risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
  • tissue: Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
  • mucus: Thick liquid substance made in certain parts of the human body, such as the nose
  • cure: Something that solves a problem or makes it better
  • suggest: To mention something that could be done; propose
  • treatment: Medicine or method to make someone healthier
  • investigate: To try to find out facts; to carry out research
  • combine: To mix several things together to form one thing
  • depend: Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
  • pain: Strong feeling of hurt or discomfort
  • terrible: Very bad; horrible
  • exacerbate: To increase the severity or bitterness of
  • liver: Organ from animals served as food
  • damage: Physical harm that is done to something
  • bowel: End part of the intestine, connected to the anus
  • flare: To become angry or excited suddenly
  • oral: Concerning the mouth
  • battle: Military fight between armies
  • discomfort: To cause to feel uncomfortable or not at ease
  • colon: Lower part of intestine turning food into waste
  • microbiome: the microorganisms (= living things too small to be seen) that exist in a particular environment or in the human body
  • cancer: Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
  • nicotine: Addictive substance in tobacco
  • bloody: Covered or spotted with blood on the surface
  • overactive: More active than normal, other people
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • absorb

      US /əbˈsɔrb, -ˈzɔrb/

      UK /əb'sɔ:b/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To take up all attention / energy of something
      • To take in a liquid; soak up
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • affect

      US /əˈfɛkt/

      UK /ə'fekt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause a change in something else
      • To pretend to have or feel (something).
      • Noun
      • (Psychology) Emotion or feeling.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • as for

      US /æz fɔr/

      UK /æz fɔ:/

      • Preposition
      • Concerning; regarding.
      • Phrase
      • Used to introduce a new topic or aspect of a subject.
      A1
      More
    • at large

      US /æt lɑrdʒ/

      UK /æt lɑ:dʒ/

      • Adjective
      • (of a person or animal, especially one that is dangerous) not captured; free.
      A2
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • back then

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • At that time in the past.
      A1
      More
    • bacteria

      US /bækˈtɪriə/

      UK /bæk'tɪərɪə/

      • Noun (plural)
      • The very small creatures that can cause disease
      B2
      More
    • barrier

      US /ˈbæriɚ/

      UK /'bærɪə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Difficult situation preventing something happening
      • Structure or object that stops free movement
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • battle

      US /ˈbætl/

      UK /'bætl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Military fight between armies
      • Working hard to stop something; struggle
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To fight or struggle against someone or something
      • To work hard to stop something; struggle
      A2
      More
    • bizarre

      US /bɪˈzɑr/

      UK /bɪˈzɑ:(r)/

      • Adjective
      • Odd or strange
      B2
      More
    • bloody

      US /ˈblʌdi/

      UK /'blʌdɪ/

      • Adjective
      • Covered or spotted with blood on the surface
      • A word used when swearing or cursing
      C2
      More
    • bowel

      US /ˈbaʊəl, baʊl/

      UK /ˈbaʊəl/

      • Noun
      • End part of the intestine, connected to the anus
      B1
      More
    • cancer

      US /ˈkænsɚ/

      UK /'kænsə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Any growth caused by abnormal cell division
      B1
      More
    • circle back

      US /ˈsɝkl bæk/

      UK /ˈsɜ:kl bæk/

      • other
      • To return to a previous topic or point in conversation.
      B2
      More
    • colon

      US /ˈkolən/

      UK /'kəʊlən/

      • Noun
      • Lower part of intestine turning food into waste
      • Symbol: used in writing e.g. before lists
      B2
      More
    • combine

      US /kəmˈbaɪn/

      UK /kəmˈbaɪn/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To mix several things together to form one thing
      • To harvest by means of a combine.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A harvesting machine for cutting, threshing, and cleaning grain.
      • A mixture of different things.
      A2
      More
    • come from

      US /kʌm frʌm/

      UK /kʌm frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have as your native country or city
      A1
      More
    • cool off

      US /kul ɔf/

      UK /ku:l ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To become cooler.
      • To become calm after being angry or excited.
      A2
      More
    • cracked it

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To solve a problem or mystery.
      • To achieve success in a particular field or activity.
      More
    • cure

      US /kjʊr/

      UK /kjʊə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Something that solves a problem or makes it better
      • Medical treatment making a sick person healthy
      • Transitive Verb
      • To fix or improve a problem
      • To make someone healthy or make a disease go away
      B1
      More
    • damage

      US /ˈdæmɪdʒ/

      UK /ˈdæmɪdʒ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Physical harm that is done to something
      • Transitive Verb
      • To harm physically; to hurt or break something
      • To harm the reputation of someone.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • depend

      US /dɪˈpend/

      UK /dɪˈpend/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • Be controlled or determined by (someone/something)
      • To rely on someone or something for support, help, or existence.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • depending on

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To rely on for support (financial or emotional)
      • Influenced or determined by.
      • Preposition
      • Subject to; contingent on
      • Relying on someone or something for support or assistance.
      A2
      More
    • discomfort

      US /dɪsˈkʌmfərt/

      UK /dɪsˈkʌmfət/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause to feel uncomfortable or not at ease
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feelings of being uncomfortable or uneasy
      B2
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • exacerbate

      US /ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbet/

      UK /ɪɡ'zæsəbeɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To increase the severity or bitterness of
      B2
      More
    • fatigue

      US /fəˈtiɡ/

      UK /fəˈti:g/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Breaking due to being moved or bent many times
      • Being very tired
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause someone or something to become very tired
      B2
      More
    • flare

      US /flɛr/

      UK /fleə(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To become angry or excited suddenly
      • To burn or shine suddenly and briefly
      • Noun
      • A brief bright light
      • Light/fire used to signal for help/warn of danger
      B2
      More
    • flare up

      US /flɛr ʌp/

      UK /flɛə ʌp/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To suddenly worsen or become more intense (of a medical condition).
      • To suddenly become angry or violent.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To suddenly become angry or violent.
      • To suddenly become worse or more intense (of a medical condition).
      A1
      More
    • for certain

      US /fɔr ˈsɚtn/

      UK /fɔ: ˈsə:tn/

      • Idiom
      • Definitely; without a doubt.
      • Phrase
      • Without any doubt; definitely.
      More
    • for the rest

      US /fɔr ði rɛst/

      UK /fɔ: ðə rest/

      • Phrase
      • Concerning the remaining people or things.
      • During the remaining part of a period of time.
      A1
      More
    • genetic

      US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/

      UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
      • Relating to genes or heredity.
      B1
      More
    • go on

      US /ɡo ɑn/

      UK /ɡəu ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      • Interjection
      • Used to encourage someone
      A1
      More
    • going on

      US /ˈɡoɪŋ ɑn/

      UK /ˈgəʊɪŋ ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To continue doing something
      • To happen (usually negative)
      A1
      More
    • gut

      US /ɡʌt/

      UK /ɡʌt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To destroy the inside of a building , e.g. by fire
      • To remove the internal parts of an animal or fish
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Stomach and internal organs of digestion
      B1
      More
    • immune

      US /ɪˈmjoon/

      UK /ɪˈmju:n/

      • Adjective
      • Having a special protection from, e.g. the law
      • Protected against a particular disease or condition because of antibodies or vaccination.
      B1
      More
    • in fact

      US /ɪn fækt/

      UK /in fækt/

      • Adverb
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that contrasts with or contradicts something else.
      • Used to introduce a more detailed or surprising piece of information.
      • Phrase
      • Used to emphasize the truth of a statement, especially one that is surprising or contrary to what might be expected.
      C1
      More
    • in general

      US /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/

      UK /in ˈdʒenərəl/

      • Phrase
      • Typically; usually; on the whole.
      • Not specific or detailed; broadly.
      • Adjective
      • Not detailed or specific; overall.
      C2
      More
    • in order to

      US /ɪn ˈɔrdɚ tu/

      UK /in ˈɔ:də tu:/

      • Preposition
      • For the purpose of; with the aim of.
      • Phrase
      • In a specific sequence or arrangement.
      • With the aim of; for the purpose of.
      C1
      More
    • in particular

      US /ɪn pɚˈtɪkjəlɚ/

      UK /in pəˈtikjulə/

      • Phrase
      • Specifically; especially.
      • Detailed or precise.
      A1
      More
    • inflammation

      US /ˌɪnfləˈmeʃən/

      UK /ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Painful swelling in the body due to illness
      • A condition in which a part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
      B2
      More
    • inflammatory

      US /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri, -ˌtori/

      UK /ɪnˈflæmətri/

      • Adjective
      • Making or intended to make someone angry
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • intestine

      US /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

      UK /ɪnˈtestɪn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Long tube in the body for digesting food
      B1
      More
    • investigate

      US /ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡet/

      UK /ɪn'vestɪɡeɪt/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To try to find out facts; to carry out research
      A2
      More
    • irritable

      US /ˈɪrɪtəbəl/

      UK /ˈɪrɪtəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Annoyed; easily annoyed or angered
      • Easily inflamed or sore.
      B2
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • light up

      US /laɪt ʌp/

      UK /lait ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To illuminate something; to make something brighter with light.
      • To ignite a cigarette, cigar, or pipe for smoking.
      A1
      More
    • liver

      US /ˈlɪvɚ/

      UK /ˈlɪvə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Organ from animals served as food
      • Organ that absorbs food and cleans the blood
      B1
      More
    • mess with

      US

      UK

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To interfere with or tamper with something.
      • To provoke or annoy someone.
      • Phrasal Verb
      • To interfere with or tamper with something.
      • To tease, provoke, or annoy someone.
      B1
      More
    • microbiome

      US /ˌmaɪ.kroʊ.ˈbaɪ.oʊm/

      UK /ˌmaɪ.krəʊ.ˈbaɪ.əʊm/

      • Noun
      • the microorganisms (= living things too small to be seen) that exist in a particular environment or in the human body
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The community of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that inhabit a particular environment, especially the human body.
      • A specific ecological community of microorganisms.
      C1
      More
    • nicotine

      US /ˈnɪkəˌtin/

      UK /ˈnɪkəti:n/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Addictive substance in tobacco
      C1
      More
    • no matter

      US

      UK

      • Conjunction
      • Regardless of; it does not matter.
      • Adverb
      • Regardless of; it is not important
      A1
      More
    • on the condition

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Depending on something happening or being done.
      A1
      More
    • on the market

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Available for sale.
      • Actively seeking employment.
      A2
      More
    • option

      US /ˈɑpʃən/

      UK /'ɒpʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A choice
      • A right to buy or sell something at a particular price within a particular period.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • oral

      US /ˈɔrəl/

      UK /ˈɔ:rəl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the mouth
      • Spoken text
      B1
      More
    • out of whack

      US /aʊt ʌv hwæk/

      UK /aut ɔv hwæk/

      • Adjective
      • Not in proper working order; not functioning correctly.
      • Not properly aligned or adjusted.
      A1
      More
    • outside of

      US /aʊtˈsaɪd ʌv/

      UK /ˌautˈsaid ɔv/

      • Preposition
      • Located or situated beyond the boundaries or confines of something.
      • Beyond the scope, range, or limits of something.
      A1
      More
    • overactive

      US /ˌoʊvər'æktɪv/

      UK /ˌəʊvər'æktɪv/

      • Adjective
      • More active than normal, other people
      C2
      More
    • pass through

      US /pæs θru/

      UK /pɑ:s θru:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To experience something, often unpleasant or difficult.
      • To go through something; to move from one side to the other of something.
      A2
      More
    • piss off

      US /pɪs ɔf/

      UK /pis ɔf/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To leave or go away, used especially as a rude way of telling someone to go away
      • To go away; leave.
      A2
      More
    • rather than

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • More exactly; more correctly
      • Preferably; instead
      • Preposition
      • Instead of
      A1
      More
    • research

      US /rɪˈsɚtʃ, ˈriˌsɚtʃ/

      UK /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To study in order to discover new ideas and facts
      • To study the market relating to marketing products and services.
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Study done to discover new ideas and facts
      • A particular area or topic of study.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • response

      US /rɪˈspɑns/

      UK /riˈspɔns/

      • Noun
      • Something said/written as an answer to something
      • Reaction to something that has occurred
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • six times

      US

      UK

      • Adverb
      • Multiplied by six; a factor of six.
      • On six occasions; six instances.
      More
    • specifically

      US /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

      UK /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

      • Adverb
      • As regards a particular thing; closely related to
      • In a definite and clear manner.
      A2
      More
    • stick

      US /stɪk/

      UK /stɪk/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To push a sharp or pointed object into something
      • To join together using glue or paste
      • Countable Noun
      • Long thin piece of wood from a tree
      A2
      More
    • stick around

      US /stɪk əˈraʊnd/

      UK /stik əˈraund/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain in place; not leave or go
      A2
      More
    • stress

      US / strɛs/

      UK /stres/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To emphasize one or more parts of a word, sentence
      • To put pressure on something or someone
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Emphasis on part of a word or sentence
      • Pressure on something or someone
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • suffer from

      US /ˈsʌfɚ frʌm/

      UK /ˈsʌfə frɔm/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To experience pain or distress; to be badly affected by.
      A1
      More
    • suppress

      US /səˈprɛs/

      UK /səˈpres/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To prevent the display of emotion or feeling
      • To use force to prevent something happening
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • terrible

      US /ˈtɛrəbəl/

      UK /ˈterəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Very bad; horrible
      • Causing great fear; frightening
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • thanks to

      US /θæŋks tu/

      UK /θæŋks tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; as a result of.
      A1
      More
    • the whole story

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • The complete and unabridged account of something.
      • The complete truth about a situation, including all the details.
      A2
      More
    • think of

      US /θɪŋk ʌv/

      UK /θiŋk ɔv/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To look on as (being something specific); consider
      • To consider or remember something.
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To imagine or call something to mind
      A1
      More
    • tissue

      US /ˈtɪʃu/

      UK /ˈtɪʃu:/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Substance formed by cells of living thing; flesh
      • Kind of thin, light paper used to pack objects
      A2
      More
    • treatment

      US /ˈtritmənt/

      UK /ˈtri:tmənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Medicine or method to make someone healthier
      • Way someone acts toward another
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • trigger

      US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/

      UK /'trɪɡə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
      • Device that starts a process
      • Transitive Verb
      • To start a process off e.g. a memory
      • To cause something to begin or happen.
      B1
      More
    • up the wazoo

      US /ʌp ði wəˈzu/

      UK /ʌp ðə wəˈzu:/

      • other
      • In large amounts or to excess.
      C2
      More
    • weird

      US /wɪrd/

      UK /wɪəd/

      • Adjective
      • Odd or unusual; surprising; strange
      • Eerily strange or disturbing.
      B1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    #smoking#gut#bacteria#disease#immune#immune system

    The ONE Disease That Smoking Can Help Treat

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    Susan posted on 2026/05/04
    Did you know smoking might actually help treat a specific disease? This video dives into the surprising 'smoking paradox' and explains the science behind how it impacts ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary related to the gut microbiome and complex medical conditions!

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