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Vocabulary

  • have to: Must do
  • at least: As a minimum
  • on the streets: Without a home; homeless or exposed outdoors.
  • for days: For a long period of time; lasting several days.
  • at home: In one's own residence or country.
  • skipping meals: The act of not eating meals regularly.
  • from hunger: Motivated or caused by a state of hunger.
  • hand to mouth: Having only enough money to live on and nothing extra.
  • heading home: Going towards one's home.
  • for now: Temporarily; for the present time.
  • work on: To devote effort to improve or develop something
  • stay in: To remain inside one's home.
  • go back to: To return to a starting point
  • not limited to: Including something but also allowing other things; not restricted to.
  • black market: An illegal market in which goods or currencies are bought and sold in violation of official restrictions.
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • vulnerable: Being open to attack or damage
  • trigger: Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
  • situation: Place, position or area that something is in
  • crisis: Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
  • scale: Size, level, or amount when compared
  • practical: Relating to what is sensible, real or useful
  • elite: The richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
  • foremost: Being the best or most important
  • domestic: Someone paid to help with housework in your house
  • reach: To come to or arrive at a goal or destination
  • similar: Nearly the same; alike
  • address: Exact street location of a place
  • region: Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
  • register: To record your name on an official list; sign up
  • labor: To struggle to do something because it's difficult
  • survive: To continue to live despite illness or trouble
  • deny: To refuse to allow or accept something
  • option: A choice
  • empty: Containing nothing; with no contents
  • rural: Concerning the country as opposed to the city
  • leave: To go away from; depart
  • soar: (Of prices, etc.) to increase a lot in a short time
  • colony: Group (bees, etc.) that live in the same place
  • scarcity: Very small or limited amount of something
  • delivery: Way someone acts when speaking publicly
  • inability: Lack of ability, power, or means to do something
  • hub: Center of action or interest
  • government: Group of people and system that rule a nation
  • middle: Place that is halfway between two things
  • accuse: To claim that someone has done something wrong
  • basic: At the most important or easiest (beginner) level
  • shut: To stop being open for business
  • desperation: Feeling all hope is lost and you will do anything
  • feed: To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
  • compartment: Enclosed part used to hold particular thing
  • workforce: The total number of working people
  • prepare: To make something ready for use
  • strait: Channel joining large bodies of water
  • migrant: Person moving to live and work in another place
  • subsidize: To aid, assist, or help pay a cost or price
  • petroleum: Oil found in the ground used to make fuel
  • return: To hit something back to the other player or team
  • train: Line of people, animals moving the same direction
  • cylinder: Tube shape with flat ends
  • work: The product of some artistic or literary endeavor
  • skip: Very large waste disposal bin
  • country: An area of land that is controlled by a government
  • meal: Food for eating at a particular time, e.g. dinner
  • gulf: Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
  • dung: Excretion from animals
  • limbo: An uncertain situation that you cannot control and in which there is no progress or improvement
  • inconvenience: Quality of being difficult or annoying to do
  • exodus: Going out or forth in a large group
  • hunger: Strong desire or need
  • refill: To make something full again
  • worsen: To make or become worse
  • dependence: Relying on someone for (e.g. financial) support
  • curd: Solid substance forming in milk when it sours
  • lifeline: Rope or cord used to attach a person to a boat
  • roadside: Edge of a way or road or path
  • marginalize: To make a person or group powerless or unimportant
  • peacefully: In a calm and quiet manner; without using force
  • firewood: Wood that can be burned as fuel
  • unchanged: Not made or become different
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    • accuse

      US /əˈkjuz/

      UK /ə'kju:z/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To claim that someone has done something wrong
      A2
      More
    • at home

      US /æt hom/

      UK /æt həum/

      • Phrase
      • In one's own residence or country.
      • Adjective
      • Feeling comfortable and relaxed.
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • black market

      US

      UK

      • Noun
      • An illegal market in which goods or currencies are bought and sold in violation of official restrictions.
      A2
      More
    • colony

      US /ˈkɑləni/

      UK /'kɒlənɪ/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Group (bees, etc.) that live in the same place
      • Country/settlement controlled by another country
      B2
      More
    • compartment

      US /kəmˈpɑ:rtmənt/

      UK /kəmˈpɑ:tmənt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Enclosed part used to hold particular thing
      • A section of seats in a closed area in a train
      B1
      More
    • crisis

      US /ˈkraɪsɪs/

      UK /'kraɪsɪs/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty
      • A turning point in a disease.
      B1
      More
    • curd

      US

      UK

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Solid substance forming in milk when it sours
      • A mass of coagulated milk, used to make cheese or eaten alone.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To cause (milk) to coagulate.
      C1
      More
    • cylinder

      US /ˈsɪləndɚ/

      UK /ˈsɪlɪndə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Tube shape with flat ends
      • A solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval section.
      B2
      More
    • delivery

      US /dɪˈlɪvəri, -ˈlɪvri/

      UK /dɪˈlɪvəri/

      • Noun
      • Way someone acts when speaking publicly
      • Act of taking something to a person or place
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • deny

      US /dɪˈnaɪ/

      UK /dɪ'naɪ/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To refuse to allow or accept something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • dependence

      US /dɪˈpɛndəns/

      UK /dɪˈpendəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Relying on someone for (e.g. financial) support
      • The state of being addicted to a substance or activity.
      B1
      More
    • desperation

      US /ˌdɛspəˈreʃən/

      UK /ˌdespəˈreɪʃn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Feeling all hope is lost and you will do anything
      A2
      More
    • domestic

      US /dəˈmɛstɪk/

      UK /dəˈmestɪk/

      • Noun
      • Someone paid to help with housework in your house
      • Adjective
      • British informal fight between husband and wife
      • Concerning your own home or house
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • dung

      US /dʌŋ/

      UK /dʌŋ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Excretion from animals
      B2
      More
    • elite

      US /iˈliːt/

      UK /iˈliːt/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
      • A person of the elite class.
      • Adjective
      • Belonging to the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
      B2
      More
    • exodus

      US

      UK

      • Noun (plural)
      • Going out or forth in a large group
      B2
      More
    • feed

      US /fid/

      UK /fi:d/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To give food, e.g. to animals or a baby
      • To push something through an opening
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Food given to animals
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • firewood

      US /ˈfaɪrˌwʊd/

      UK /ˈfaɪəˌwʊd/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Wood that can be burned as fuel
      C2
      More
    • for days

      US /fɔr dez/

      UK /fɔ: deɪz/

      • Phrase
      • For a long period of time; lasting several days.
      More
    • for now

      US /fɔr naʊ/

      UK /fɔ: nau/

      • Phrase
      • Temporarily; for the present time.
      • In the short term; for the immediate future.
      A1
      More
    • foremost

      US /ˈfɔrˌmost,ˈfor-/

      UK /'fɔ:məʊst/

      • Adjective
      • Being the best or most important
      • Adverb
      • In the most prominent or important position.
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • from hunger

      US /frəm ˈhʌŋɡɚ/

      UK /frəm ˈhʌŋgə/

      • other
      • Motivated or caused by a state of hunger.
      A2
      More
    • go back to

      US /ɡo bæk tu/

      UK /ɡəu bæk tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To return to a starting point
      A1
      More
    • gulf

      US /ɡʌlf/

      UK /gʌlf/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a sea partially surrounded by land
      • Wide separation or difference between two groups
      B1
      More
    • hand to mouth

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Having only enough money to live on and nothing extra.
      • Noun
      • A state of having just enough money for basic survival.
      A1
      More
    • have to

      US /hæv tu/

      UK /ˈhæv tə/

      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Must do
      A1
      More
    • heading home

      US

      UK

      • Intransitive Verb
      • Going towards one's home.
      • To be in the process of returning to one's home.
      A1
      More
    • hub

      US /hʌb/

      UK /hʌb/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Center of action or interest
      • Central part of a wheel
      B1
      More
    • hunger

      US /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/

      UK /ˈhʌŋgə(r)/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Strong desire or need
      • Need for food; a severe lack of food
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To feel hunger; to suffer from a lack of food.
      B2
      More
    • inability

      US /ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti/

      UK /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Lack of ability, power, or means to do something
      A2
      More
    • inconvenience

      US /ˌɪnkənˈvinjəns/

      UK /ˌɪnkənˈvi:niəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Quality of being difficult or annoying to do
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • lifeline

      US /ˈlaɪfˌlaɪn/

      UK /'laɪflaɪn/

      • Noun
      • Rope or cord used to attach a person to a boat
      C1
      More
    • limbo

      US /ˈlɪm.boʊ/

      UK /ˈlɪm.bəʊ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • An uncertain situation that you cannot control and in which there is no progress or improvement
      C1
      More
    • marginalize

      US /ˈmɑrdʒənəˌlaɪz/

      UK /'mɑ:dʒɪnəlaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make a person or group powerless or unimportant
      C2
      More
    • migrant

      US /ˈmaɪɡrənt/

      UK /ˈmaɪgrənt/

      • Noun
      • Person moving to live and work in another place
      B2
      More
    • not limited to

      US /nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tu/

      UK /nɔt ˈlimitid tu:/

      • Phrase
      • Including something but also allowing other things; not restricted to.
      A1
      More
    • on the streets

      US /ɑn ðə strits/

      UK /ɒn ðə stri:ts/

      • other
      • Without a home; homeless or exposed outdoors.
      B2
      More
    • option

      US /ˈɑpʃən/

      UK /'ɒpʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A choice
      • A right to buy or sell something at a particular price within a particular period.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • peacefully

      US /ˈpisfʊlɪ/

      UK /'pi:sfəlɪ/

      • Adverb
      • In a calm and quiet manner; without using force
      B1
      More
    • petroleum

      US /pəˈtroliəm/

      UK /pə'trəʊlɪəm/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Oil found in the ground used to make fuel
      B2
      More
    • practical

      US /ˈpræktɪkəl/

      UK /ˈpræktɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • Relating to what is sensible, real or useful
      • Relating to experience, action, or practice; not theoretical or ideal.
      • Noun
      • A practical exam or lesson.
      • A person concerned chiefly with the practice of something; a person with practical skills.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reach

      US /ritʃ/

      UK /ri:tʃ/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To come to or arrive at a goal or destination
      • To be long enough to get to a certain place
      • Uncountable Noun
      • Power or control someone has over something
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • refill

      US /riˈfɪl/

      UK /ˌri:ˈfɪl/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make something full again
      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Additional material added to fill something again
      • A replacement supply for something that is used up.
      B1
      More
    • region

      US /ˈridʒən/

      UK /'ri:dʒən/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
      • A part of the body
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • register

      US /ˈrɛdʒɪstɚ/

      UK /'redʒɪstə(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To record your name on an official list; sign up
      • To show an amount on a measurement device
      • Noun
      • Till; machine used add up things you buy
      • Range of notes of a person's (singing) voice
      A2
      More
    • roadside

      US /ˈrodˌsaɪd/

      UK /'rəʊdsaɪd/

      • Noun
      • Edge of a way or road or path
      B2
      More
    • rural

      US /ˈrʊrəl/

      UK /ˈruərəl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the country as opposed to the city
      B1
      More
    • scale

      US /skel/

      UK /skeɪl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Size, level, or amount when compared
      • Small hard plates that cover the body of fish
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To change the size of but keep the proportions
      • To climb something large (e.g. a mountain)
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • scarcity

      US /ˈskersəti/

      UK /ˈskeəsəti/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Very small or limited amount of something
      B2
      More
    • shut

      US /ʃʌt/

      UK /ʃʌt/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To stop being open for business
      • Transitive Verb
      • To close something, e.g. a door
      A2
      More
    • skip

      US /skɪp/

      UK /skɪp/

      • Countable Noun
      • Very large waste disposal bin
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To move forward by taking fast steps and jumps
      • To move rapidly, from one topic to another
      B2
      More
    • skipping meals

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • The act of not eating meals regularly.
      A1
      More
    • soar

      US /sɔr, sor/

      UK /sɔ:(r)/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • (Of prices, etc.) to increase a lot in a short time
      • To fly or rise high in the air
      B2TOEIC
      More
    • stay in

      US /ste ɪn/

      UK /stei in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To remain inside one's home.
      • Intransitive Verb
      • To remain as an inpatient in a hospital.
      More
    • strait

      US /stret/

      UK /streɪt/

      • Noun
      • Channel joining large bodies of water
      C2
      More
    • subsidize

      US /'sʌbsɪdaɪz/

      UK /ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To aid, assist, or help pay a cost or price
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • survive

      US /sɚˈvaɪv/

      UK /sə'vaɪv/

      • Intransitive Verb
      • To continue to live despite illness or trouble
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • trigger

      US /ˈtrɪɡɚ/

      UK /'trɪɡə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Lever on a gun that you pull to fire
      • Device that starts a process
      • Transitive Verb
      • To start a process off e.g. a memory
      • To cause something to begin or happen.
      B1
      More
    • unchanged

      US /ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd/

      UK /ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd/

      • Adjective
      • Not made or become different
      B1
      More
    • vulnerable

      US /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/

      UK /ˈvʌlnərəbl/

      • Adjective
      • Being open to attack or damage
      • Being easily harmed, hurt, or wounded
      B1
      More
    • work on

      US /wɚk ɑn/

      UK /wə:k ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To devote effort to improve or develop something
      • To try to persuade or influence someone.
      A1
      More
    • workforce

      US /ˈwə:kˌfɔrs/

      UK /ˈwɜ:kˌfɔ:s/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • The total number of working people
      B1
      More
    • worsen

      US /ˈwə:sən/

      UK /'wɜ:sn/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To make or become worse
      B2
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1
    #migrant#gas#delhi#india#crisis#home

    Gas crisis hits thousands of Indian migrant workers | DW News

    0
    林宜悉 posted on 2026/04/08
    Ever wondered how a gas shortage can impact thousands of lives? This DW News report dives deep into the crisis faced by Indian migrant workers, showing you real-life situations and practical dialogues you can use. You'll gain cultural insights and learn vocabulary related to energy, markets, and daily struggles.

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