Vocabulary

  • rust belt: A region in the northeastern United States that was formerly dominated by industry.
  • next to: Being located along side another
  • due to: Because of; owing to
  • on the rise: Increasing; becoming more popular or common.
  • at least: As a minimum
  • number of people: The total count of individuals within a group or gathering.
  • pretty solid: Quite strong, reliable, or convincing.
  • as well as: Also; in addition to
  • in general: Typically; usually; on the whole.
  • used to: Did regularly before, but don't do now
  • come from: To have as your native country or city
  • with age: As someone gets older; as time passes.
  • as for: Concerning; regarding.
  • look for: To try to find a thing or person that is lost
  • in the air: Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
  • other places: Different locations or areas
  • beef up: To be made stronger and stronger
  • split up: To break up your marriage or relationship
  • at a time: Separately; one by one
  • for free: Without charge; at no cost.
  • in hand: In one's possession or control.
  • go hand in hand: Two things closely related or connected, usually occurring together.
  • lead to: To result in some action
  • spur on: To encourage someone to continue trying to do or achieve something.
  • at risk: In danger; likely to be harmed
  • talking about: To discuss a particular topic.
  • next door: Living in the house next to the one mentioned
  • regardless of
  • on the back of: As a result of or following something.
  • grow on: To cause someone to begin to like
  • check on: To check that things are OK, correct
  • followed up: To check information or facts later
  • in the throes of: Experiencing a very difficult or painful process.
  • evidence of: Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
  • factor in: To include something as an important element when making a decision or calculation.
  • stuff: Generic description for things, materials, objects
  • multiple: Having or involving more than one of something
  • evidence: Factual proof that helps to establish the truth
  • period: Set amount of time during which events take place
  • dopamine: Drug used to treat shock and hypotension
  • common: Area in a city or town that is open to everyone
  • brilliant: Having a great amount of intelligence or talent
  • variety: Particular type of thing or person
  • solid: Being able to be trusted; reliable
  • disease: Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
  • suspicious: Doubtful about someone's honesty
  • toxic: Poisonous; harmful
  • increase: To make or become larger in size or amount
  • military: Army or armed forces
  • brain: To strike someone forcefully on the head
  • dramatic: Gripping the attention; causing an effect
  • generally: Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people
  • association: Organization of people with the same interest
  • genetic: Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
  • factor: Something that influences a result
  • involve: To have or be included as a part of something
  • compare: To consider how similar and different things are
  • identical: The same in every way
  • observe: To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
  • pretty: Being attractive to the eye in a simple way
  • due: When something is required or expected
  • risk: To do something potentially dangerous or foolish
  • rate: To assess something or consider its qualities
  • relate: To demonstrate a logical relationship between
  • rural: Concerning the country as opposed to the city
  • reduce: To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
  • solution: Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
  • inhibit: To stop a person expressing themselves normally
  • chemical: Basic substance produced by mixing elements
  • reduction: Act of making something smaller
  • carbon: Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
  • place: To put someone in a particular type of situation
  • science: Study of the physical world, based on facts
  • diagnosis: Judgments by a doctor about a person's illness
  • harm: To damage, injure, or hurt someone or something
  • simple: Not hard to understand or do; not complex
  • corridor: Passageway between rooms in a buildings
  • gradual: Moving slowly by small amounts, over time
  • longevity: Amount of time someone or something lives or lasts
  • rise: To wake up and get out of bed after sleeping
  • worse: Comparative of 'bad'; more bad
  • spur: To make your horse go faster
  • algebra: Math using letters or symbols in place of numbers
  • contamination: Being impure because of a harmful agent
  • pesticide: A chemical substance used to kill pests
  • environmental: Of the natural world of plants and animals
  • anomaly: Something different from what is expected
  • ozone: Gas protecting the earth from the sun
  • oxide: Compound from combining oxygen with a chemical
  • sclerosis: (Medical) process in which a soft tissue becomes hard
  • monoxide: Oxide with one atom of oxygen per molecule
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  • not found vocabularyNo vocabulary matches your filters
    • algebra

      US /ˈældʒəbrə/

      UK /ˈældʒɪbrə/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Math using letters or symbols in place of numbers
      C1
      More
    • anomaly

      US /əˈnɑ:məli/

      UK /əˈnɒməli/

      • Noun
      • Something different from what is expected
      B2
      More
    • as for

      US /æz fɔr/

      UK /æz fɔ:/

      • Preposition
      • Concerning; regarding.
      • Phrase
      • Used to introduce a new topic or aspect of a subject.
      A1
      More
    • as well as

      US /æz wɛl æz/

      UK /æz wel æz/

      • Adverb
      • Also; in addition to
      • Preposition
      • In addition to; and also.
      A1
      More
    • association

      US /əˌsoʊʃi'eɪʃn/

      UK /əˌsəʊʃɪ'eɪʃn/

      • Noun
      • Organization of people with the same interest
      B1TOEIC
      More
    • at a time

      US /æt e taɪm/

      UK /æt ə taim/

      • Phrase
      • Separately; one by one
      • Simultaneously; together
      A1
      More
    • at least

      US /æt list/

      UK /æt li:st/

      • Adverb
      • As a minimum
      • Not less than
      • Phrase
      • No less than; at the minimum
      • Used to indicate that something is positive in a bad situation.
      C2
      More
    • at risk

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • In danger; likely to be harmed
      More
    • beef up

      US /bif ʌp/

      UK /bi:f ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To be made stronger and stronger
      A2
      More
    • brilliant

      US /ˈbrɪljənt/

      UK /'brɪlɪənt/

      • Adjective
      • Having a great amount of intelligence or talent
      • Being very bright, like a diamond; shining
      • Noun
      • A diamond or other gem cut in a particular form with many facets to have exceptional brilliance.
      A2
      More
    • carbon

      US /ˈkɑrbən/

      UK /'kɑ:bən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Chemical element with an atomic number of 6
      B1
      More
    • check on

      US /tʃɛk ɑn/

      UK /tʃek ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To check that things are OK, correct
      • To make sure someone or something is safe or well.
      A1
      More
    • chemical

      US /ˈkɛmɪkəl/

      UK /ˈkemɪkl/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Basic substance produced by mixing elements
      • The branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
      • Adjective
      • Made of various elements
      A2
      More
    • come from

      US /kʌm frʌm/

      UK /kʌm frɔm/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To have as your native country or city
      A1
      More
    • contamination

      US /kənˌtæməˈneʃən/

      UK /kənˌtæmɪ'neɪʃən/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Being impure because of a harmful agent
      B2
      More
    • corridor

      US /ˈkɔrɪdɚ, -ˌdɔr, ˈkɑr-/

      UK /ˈkɒrɪdɔ:(r)/

      • Countable Noun
      • Passageway between rooms in a buildings
      • A strip of land that connects two places.
      B1
      More
    • diagnosis

      US /ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsɪs/

      UK /ˌdaɪəgˈnəʊsɪs/

      • Noun (plural)
      • Judgments by a doctor about a person's illness
      • Noun
      • The identification of a disease or condition.
      B1
      More
    • disease

      US /dɪˈziz/

      UK /dɪˈzi:z/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Illness that affects a person, animal, or plant
      • A disorder of structure or function in a plant, especially one caused by a pathogen.
      • Transitive Verb
      • To affect with disease; to corrupt or sicken.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • dramatic

      US /drəˈmætɪk/

      UK /drəˈmætɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Gripping the attention; causing an effect
      • (Of an event) sudden and extreme
      B1
      More
    • due to

      US /du tu/

      UK /dju: tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Because of; owing to
      • Adjective
      • Attributable to; caused by.
      A1
      More
    • environmental

      US /ɛnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl:, -ˌvaɪən/

      UK /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/

      • Adjective
      • Of the natural world of plants and animals
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • evidence of

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Facts, objects, or signs that make you believe that something is true.
      • Something that shows that something else exists or is true.
      A1
      More
    • factor

      US /ˈfæktɚ/

      UK /'fæktə(r)/

      • Noun
      • Something that influences a result
      • Transitive Verb
      • To consider or include in an estimate or judgment
      • To find the two numbers a number can be divided by
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • factor in

      US /ˈfæktɚ ɪn/

      UK /ˈfæktə in/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To include something as an important element when making a decision or calculation.
      B2
      More
    • followed up

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To check information or facts later
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To contact someone again after an initial meeting or communication.
      • To take further action; to pursue something further.
      A1
      More
    • for free

      US /fɔr fri/

      UK /fɔ: fri:/

      • Phrase
      • Without charge; at no cost.
      • Adjective
      • Available without payment.
      A2
      More
    • generally

      US /ˈdʒɛnərəli/

      UK /ˈdʒenrəli/

      • Adverb
      • Usually; as a rule; by, to or for most people
      A2
      More
    • genetic

      US /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/

      UK /dʒəˈnetɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Of, relating to, or controlled by genes
      • Relating to genes or heredity.
      B1
      More
    • go hand in hand

      US /goʊ hænd ɪn hænd/

      UK /gəu ˈhænd ɪn ˈhænd/

      • other
      • Two things closely related or connected, usually occurring together.
      B1
      More
    • gradual

      US /ˈɡrædʒuəl/

      UK /ˈgrædʒuəl/

      • Adjective
      • Moving slowly by small amounts, over time
      • Noun
      • A gently sloping path or surface.
      B1
      More
    • grow on

      US /ɡro ɑn/

      UK /ɡrəu ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To cause someone to begin to like
      A1
      More
    • harm

      US /hɑrm/

      UK /hɑ:m/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To damage, injure, or hurt someone or something
      • Noun
      • Damage or injury
      A2
      More
    • identical

      US /aɪˈdɛntɪkəl/

      UK /aɪˈdentɪkl/

      • Adjective
      • The same in every way
      • Satisfied by all values of the variables involved.
      B1
      More
    • in general

      US /ɪn ˈdʒɛnərəl/

      UK /in ˈdʒenərəl/

      • Phrase
      • Typically; usually; on the whole.
      • Not specific or detailed; broadly.
      • Adjective
      • Not detailed or specific; overall.
      C2
      More
    • in hand

      US /ɪn hænd/

      UK /in hænd/

      • Phrase
      • In one's possession or control.
      More
    • in the air

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Present or circulating in the atmosphere.
      • Felt or sensed by many people; circulating as a rumor or feeling.
      • Adjective
      • Being broadcast on radio or television.
      A1
      More
    • in the throes of

      US /ɪn ðə θroʊz ʌv/

      UK /ɪn ðə θrəuz ɔv/

      • other
      • Experiencing a very difficult or painful process.
      C1
      More
    • inhibit

      US /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

      UK /ɪn'hɪbɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To stop a person expressing themselves normally
      • To stop something happening; restrain something
      B1
      More
    • involve

      US /ɪnˈvɑlv/

      UK /ɪn'vɒlv/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To have or be included as a part of something
      • To cause (a person or group) to take part in an event or activity.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • lead to

      US /lid tu/

      UK /li:d tu:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To result in some action
      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To have something as a consequence or result.
      A1
      More
    • longevity

      US /lɑnˈdʒɛvɪti, lɔn-/

      UK /lɒn'dʒevətɪ/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Amount of time someone or something lives or lasts
      B2
      More
    • look for

      US /lʊk fɔr/

      UK /luk fɔ:/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To try to find a thing or person that is lost
      • To expect or anticipate something.
      A1
      More
    • military

      US /ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri/

      UK /'mɪlətrɪ/

      • Noun
      • Army or armed forces
      • Adjective
      • Concerning the army or navy
      B1
      More
    • monoxide

      US /məˈnɑkˌsaɪd/

      UK /mɒ'nɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • Oxide with one atom of oxygen per molecule
      C1
      More
    • multiple

      US /ˈmʌltəpəl/

      UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/

      • Adjective
      • Having or involving more than one of something
      • Having or involving several parts, elements, or members.
      • Countable Noun
      • Number produced by multiplying a smaller number
      • A number of identical circuit elements connected in parallel or series.
      B1
      More
    • next door

      US /nɛkst dɔr/

      UK /nekst dɔ:/

      • Adverb
      • Living in the house next to the one mentioned
      A1
      More
    • next to

      US /nɛkst tu/

      UK /nekst tu:/

      • Preposition
      • Being located along side another
      • In comparison with
      • Adverb
      • Almost; nearly
      A1
      More
    • number of people

      US /ˈnʌmbɚ ʌv ˈpipəl/

      UK /ˈnʌmbə ɔv ˈpi:pl/

      • Phrase
      • The total count of individuals within a group or gathering.
      • A statistical figure representing the population size or a subset thereof.
      A1
      More
    • observe

      US /əbˈzɜ:rv/

      UK /əbˈzɜ:v/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To celebrate a particular holiday/religious event
      • To obey or follow laws, rules, or customs
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • on the back of

      US /ɑn ðə bæk əv/

      UK /ɒn ðə bæk əv/

      • other
      • As a result of or following something.
      B2
      More
    • on the rise

      US /ɑn ði raɪz/

      UK /ɔn ðə raiz/

      • Adjective
      • Increasing; becoming more popular or common.
      • Becoming more successful in a career or field.
      • Phrase
      • Increasing in popularity.
      A1
      More
    • other places

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • Different locations or areas
      More
    • oxide

      US /ˈɑ:ksaɪd/

      UK /ˈɒksaɪd/

      • Noun
      • Compound from combining oxygen with a chemical
      B2
      More
    • ozone

      US /ˈoʊzoʊn/

      UK /ˈəʊzəʊn/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Gas protecting the earth from the sun
      • Fresh and pure air, usually near the sea
      B2
      More
    • pesticide

      US /ˈpɛstɪˌsaɪd/

      UK /ˈpestɪsaɪd/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • A chemical substance used to kill pests
      • The control or management of pesticides.
      • Adjective
      • Relating to or treated with a pesticide.
      • Relating to or having the effect of a pesticide.
      B2
      More
    • pretty solid

      US

      UK

      • Adjective
      • Quite strong, reliable, or convincing.
      • Fairly firm or well-established; not easily broken or changed.
      B2
      More
    • reduce

      US /rɪˈdus, -ˈdjus/

      UK /rɪ'dju:s/

      • Verb (Transitive/Intransitive)
      • To try to decrease, e.g. your weight if overweight
      • To boil a liquid until it has decreased in amount
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • reduction

      US /rɪˈdʌkʃən/

      UK /rɪ'dʌkʃn/

      • Noun
      • Act of making something smaller
      B1
      More
    • regardless of

      US /rɪˈɡɑrdlɪs ʌv/

      UK /riˈɡɑ:dlis ɔv/

      • Phrase
      • Preposition
      • Without being affected or influenced by something; despite.
      A2
      More
    • relate

      US /rɪˈlet/

      UK /rɪ'leɪt/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To demonstrate a logical relationship between
      • To understand or sympathize with, e.g. a problem
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • rural

      US /ˈrʊrəl/

      UK /ˈruərəl/

      • Adjective
      • Concerning the country as opposed to the city
      B1
      More
    • rust belt

      US

      UK

      • Proper Noun
      • A region in the northeastern United States that was formerly dominated by industry.
      • Phrase
      • A region of the United States characterized by declining industry, aging factories, and a falling population.
      More
    • science

      US /ˈsaɪəns/

      UK /'saɪəns/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Study of the physical world, based on facts
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • sclerosis

      US /skləˈroʊsɪs/

      UK /skləˈrəʊsɪs/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • (Medical) process in which a soft tissue becomes hard
      C1
      More
    • solid

      US /ˈsɑlɪd/

      UK /'sɒlɪd/

      • Adjective
      • Being able to be trusted; reliable
      • Substance that is hard or of fixed shape
      • Noun
      • Something firm or hard; not gas or liquid
      A2
      More
    • solution

      US /səˈluʃən/

      UK /səˈlu:ʃn/

      • Noun (Countable/Uncountable)
      • Mix of a liquid and a solid or a gas
      • Way to solve or deal with a problem
      A2
      More
    • split up

      US /splɪt ʌp/

      UK /split ʌp/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To break up your marriage or relationship
      • To divide something into smaller parts.
      • Noun
      • A termination of a romantic relationship
      A2
      More
    • spur

      US /spɚ/

      UK /spɜ:(r)/

      • Transitive Verb
      • To make your horse go faster
      • To make someone want to do something
      • Noun
      • Rock that sticks out from the side of a mountain
      • Something that makes a person act
      B2
      More
    • spur on

      US /spɚ ɑn/

      UK /spə: ɔn/

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To encourage someone to continue trying to do or achieve something.
      C2
      More
    • stuff

      US /stʌf/

      UK /stʌf/

      • Uncountable Noun
      • Generic description for things, materials, objects
      • Transitive Verb
      • To push material inside something, with force
      B1
      More
    • suspicious

      US /səˈspɪʃəs/

      UK /səˈspɪʃəs/

      • Adjective
      • Doubtful about someone's honesty
      • Feeling that something is wrong; causing suspicion
      B1
      More
    • talking about

      US

      UK

      • Phrasal Verb
      • To discuss a particular topic.
      • To be constantly mentioning or bringing up a subject.
      A1
      More
    • toxic

      US /ˈtɑksɪk/

      UK /ˈtɒksɪk/

      • Adjective
      • Poisonous; harmful
      • (Of relationships) harmful; causing conflict
      B2
      More
    • used to

      US /juzd tu/

      UK /ˈju:st tə/

      • Adjective
      • Did regularly before, but don't do now
      • Auxiliary Verb
      • Have done before, but do not do now
      A1
      More
    • variety

      US /vəˈraɪɪti/

      UK /və'raɪətɪ/

      • Noun
      • Particular type of thing or person
      • The quality or state of being different or diverse; the absence of uniformity, sameness, or monotony.
      A2TOEIC
      More
    • with age

      US

      UK

      • Phrase
      • As someone gets older; as time passes.
      • Improving in quality or value as it gets older.
      A1
      More
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    01:03

    She took a brave step forward, leaving behind her comfort zone to chase her dreams.

    Vocabulary
    • brave

      adj. Having courage

    • comfort zone

      phr. A familiar situation where one feels safe

    Explanation
    a brave step is a noun phrase, where brave is an adjective modifying the noun step, meaning "a courageous step". forward is an adverb modifying step, meaning "ahead". The whole phrase serves as the object, answering the "what" of took (verb) — she took a brave step forward.

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    brave

    US/brev/
    UK/breɪv/
    adj.Brave
    v.t.To bravely face
    A2 Elementary

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    B1US
    #parkinson#study#parkinson disease#disease#belt#environmental

    What’s Causing the Parkinson’s Belt?

    0
    Susan posted on 2026/03/31
    Ever wondered why Parkinson's disease rates are higher in certain areas like the "Parkinson Belt"? This fascinating SciShow video dives into potential causes like pesticide exposure and air pollution, giving you a deep dive into public health issues. You'll pick up some advanced vocabulary related to environmental science and medicine while exploring this intriguing topic!

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